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Abstrak :
Perilaku merupakan semua mobilitas satwa yang dipengaruhi oleh asosiasi antara satwa dengan lingkungan. Perilaku pada gajah meliputi perilaku sosial (kelompok), perilaku individu, perilaku asuh, dan sebagainya. Salah satu perilaku gajah sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) yaitu perilaku asuh. Induk gajah dalam mengasuh anaknya bersifat protektif, sehingga selalu mengikuti pergerakan anaknya. Peralihan habitat ke penangkaran menyebabkan ruang gerak terbatas, sehingga konservasi ex-situ harus menjamin kesejahteraannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku asuh induk gajah sumatra serta pengelolaan kesejahteraannya, sehingga gajah dapat berperilaku alami dan anak gajah dapat diasuh dengan baik oleh induknya. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 1 induk gajah (Sinta) dan 1 anak gajah betina (Arinta). Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 9 perilaku asuh induk dengan durasi rata-rata tertinggi yaitu perilaku menyusui 10,46 menit dan terendah yaitu perilaku mengajari 0,63 menit serta perilaku asuh induk dengan persentase tertinggi yaitu perilaku mendekat 31,46% dan terendah yaitu perilaku mandi 0,70%. Kesejahteraan induk dan anak gajah di kebun binatang Gembira Loka, Yogyakarta termasuk kategori sangat baik. Hasil Uji Korelasi Jenjang Spearman (2-tailed) dengan SPSS Statistic 22.0, durasi perilaku menyusui (ρ = 0,013) dan perilaku mengikuti (ρ = 0,036) berkorelasi signifikan terhadap jumlah pengunjung. ......Behaviour is all the mobility of animals that are influenced by the association between animals and their environment. Behaviour in elephant includes social behavior (group), individual behavior, maternal care behavior, and several other behavior. One of the behavior of sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is maternal care. The mother elephant in raising her calf will be protective, it will always follow the movement of her calf. The transition of habitat into a captivity causes limited space for movement and then the ex-situ conservation must ensure their welfare. This study to analyze the maternal care behavior of the sumatran elephant and the management to its welfare aspects, so that the elephant can behave naturally and the calf can be properly cared for by its mother. The subjects in this study were 1 mother sumatran elephant (Sinta) and 1 sumatran elephant calf (Arinta). The metods in this study are focal animal sampling and ad-libitum sampling. Based on the result of this study, there 9 maternal care behaviours with the highest duration shown by breastfeeding behavior 10,46 minutes and the lowest shown by teaching behavior 0,63 minutes as well as maternal care behaviours with the highest percentage shown by approaching behavior 31,46% and the lowest shown by bathing behavior 0,70%. The welfare of mother and calf sumatran elephant in the Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta is very good category. The results of test Spearman Rank Correlation (2-tailed) with SPSS Statistic 22.0, the duration of breastfeeding behavior (ρ = 0,013) and following behavior (ρ = 0,036) were significantly correlated with the number of visitors.

Abstrak :
Anoa dataran rendah kini berstatus terancam punah sehingga perlu dikonservasi secara ex-situ seperti di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR). Ditemukannya kasus perkawinan sedarah anoa di TMR mendorong mereka untuk terlibat dalam program collaborative captive breeding antarhabitat ex-situ di bawah pedoman Global Species Management Plan (GSMP) untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik anoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku sosial dan reproduksi anoa jantan di TMR untuk mengevaluasi kesiapannya sebelum dipasangkan dengan anoa betina hasil pertukaran. Pengamatan terhadap satu ekor anoa jantan dewasa dilakukan selama 2 bulan (Januari—Maret 2024) dengan metode scan sampling dan ad libitum, mencakup 60 sampling point dari 38 hari pengamatan. Hasil menunjukkan variasi aktivitas harian dan kecenderungan berinteraksi secara sosial dan reproduktif oleh anoa jantan, ditandai dengan perilaku approaching, vocalization, dan sniffing (termasuk flehmen) meski terhalang pagar pemisah dengan anoa betina di kandang sebelahnya. Anoa jantan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan ketertarikan dan pendekatan aktif untuk berinteraksi sosial dan reproduksi, sehingga dapat mendukung potensi keberhasilan program breeding. ......The lowland anoa is an endangered species which requires ex-situ conservation efforts like those at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR). Inbreeding cases discovered at TMR prompted their participation in a collaborative captive breeding program guided by the Global Species Management Plan (GSMP) aimed at increasing the genetic diversity of anoa. This study focused on observing the social and reproductive behavior of a male anoa at TMR as part of evaluating his readiness to be paired with an exchange-bred female anoa. The observation of one adult male anoa was conducted for two months (January—March 2024) using scan sampling and ad libitum method, covering 60 sampling points from 38 observation days. The results revealed that male anoa engaged in various daily activities and exhibited a propensity for social and reproductive behaviors, such as approaching, vocalization, and sniffing (including flehmen), despite being separated by fences from a female anoa in the adjacent enclosure. The overall observations suggest that male anoa displayed interest and actively sought social and reproductive interactions, supporting the potential success of the breeding program.