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"Seiring dengan kebutuhan dan maraknya pembangunan berkonsep green building, muncul sertifikasi green building di Indonesia. Salah satu aspek yang harus dipenuhi adalah material resources and cycle (MRC) yang memiliki 14 poin maksimum dan terdiri dari tujuh subaspek penilaian. Dalam kaitannya dengan biaya konstruksi, subaspek yang mempengaruhi biaya konstruksi pembangunan green building adalah certified wood, environmentally process product, building material reuse, modular design, dan regional material. Pada pengaplikasiannya di lapangan, aspek MRC tidak membutuhkan biaya tambahan bergantung dengan ketersediaan produk material yang mendukung dan desain awal proyek.

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In the name of needs and trends of green building construction concept, the green certification has been made for Indonesia with one of its aspect is material resources and cycle (MRC) which has 14 points maximum score and divided into 7 scoring subaspects. Related to construction cost, 5 subaspects which have influence for making some differences are certified wood, environmentally process product, building material reuse, modular design, and regional material. Although in the case, MRC aspect does not make any additional cost depends on the products availability and its prelimanary design."

"CD-ROM estimating software which includes a quote preparation tutorial, an estimating tutorial, and sample proposals for use in the construction industry."

"Mitigasi perubahan iklim terkait dengan pengelolaan hutan mangrove telah mendapat perhatian yang signifikan di dunia internasional selama dekade terakhir namun mengalami kesulitan akibat kurangnya data yang dapat diandalkan untuk melakukan kuantifikasi seberapa banyak kandungan karbon yang ada. Hutan mangrove di Provinsi Bali terbagi menjadi 3 jenis habitat yaitu teluk terbuka yang terletak di Taman Nasional Bali Barat, teluk semi tertutup yang berada di Tahura Ngurah Rai dan pulau kecil yang berada di Hutan Lindung Nusa Lembongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kandungan karbon hutan mangrove dengan tipe dan morfologi habitat hutan mangrove yang berbeda. Perhitungan biomassa dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus alometrik namun persamaan alometrik yang sama dapat menghasilkan akurasi yang berbeda pada lokasi habitat yang berbeda. Perhitungan kandungan karbon hutan mangrove untuk tipe habitat teluk semi tertutup memiliki nilai estimasi tertinggi yaitu 51,35 ton/ha dengan pola hubungan positif sebesar 60%, sedangkan nilai estimasi karbon terendah berada pada habitat teluk terbuka sebesar 26,28 ton/ha dengan pola hubungan positif sebesar 48%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap tipe habitat hutan mangrove memiliki karakteristiknya sendiri terhadap ekosistem yang hidup di wilayahnya dan hal ini berpengaruh terhadap nilai karbon yang dikandungnya.

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Climate change mitigation regarding mangrove forest management has received significantly in international attention over the past decade, but it is lack of reliable data to quantify how much carbon stock is available. The mangrove forest in Bali Province is divided into three habitat types such as open bay beach located in West Bali National Park, semi closed bay beach located in Tahura Ngurah Rai and small island beach located in protected forest of Nusa Lembongan. The research aim is to analyze the relationship between carbon stock characteristics of mangrove forest with the different type and morphology of mangrove forest habitat. Biomass calculations was carried out using the allometric formula, however the similar allometric equations can produce different accuracy at different locations. The calculation of mangrove forest carbon stock for semi closed bay beach habitat has the highest estimation value of 51.35 tons/ha with a positive relationship pattern of 60%, in the other hand, the lowest carbon stock value is in open bay beach is 26.28 tons/ha with positive pattern of relation equal to 48%. This study indicates that each type of mangrove forest habitat has it's own charasteristics to the living ecosystem in it's territory and this affects to the carbon value."

" Since Indonesia does not have a good vita! statistics registrationsystem, fertility rates for the country as a whole and any administrativesubdivisions must be estimated indirectly. This paper summarizes estimatesresulting from the application of four brdu-ect estimation techniques to sevenIndonesian data sets. The own-children method, the last live birth method, thePalmore method and the Rele method were applied to all seven data sets:Estimates were prepared for the whole country and its three major regions for1971 through 1991. Estimates for individual provinces were also calculated forsome dates. In addition, estimates from other methods, available for somedates and subnational areas, are presented The data sets used are the 1971Census, the 1976 Intercensal Survey, the 1980 Census, the 1985 Intercensalway; the 1987 National Indonesia Contraceptive Prevalence Survey; the I 990Census, and the 1991 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The resultsshow that fertility in Indonesia fell by at least thirty-nine percent between 1971and 1991, but the various methods do not agree on the levels of fertility,particularly the earliest dates .By 1991, however; three estimates of the totalfertility rate for Indonesia as a whole are in as a whole are in a small range:from a low estimate of 3.22 to a high of 3.35. Fertility declined rapidly in allof the major regions of the country, although fertility started at higher levelsoutside of Java and Bali and hence remains at higher levels today despiterapid declines."

"Preliminary cost estimates play an important role in project decisions at the beginning of design phase of construction project under a limited definition of scope and constraints in available information and time. This study proposes a new approach of preliminary cost estimation model using regression analysis incorporated with adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Regression analysis (RA) is used for determination of the significant parameters as input variables in ANFIS model. Datasets of 55 low-cost apartment projects in Indonesia were compiled to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of testing data of the proposed model is 3.98% whereas the MAPE of RA and neural network (NN) models are, respectively, 6.92% and 10.12%, thus indicating better accuracy performance of the proposed model over the latter ones."