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Abstrak :
The society looks to science to document health choices and the oils do not disappoint. This book covers various aspects of essential oils from chemistry, pharmacology, and biological activity, to production and trade, to uses and regulation. It provides information related to the development, use, and marketing of essential oils. Contents: Introduction, K. Husnu Can Bas,er and G. Buchbauer History and Sources of Essential Oil Research, K.-H. Kubeczka Sources of Essential Oils, C. Franz and J. Novak Production of Essential Oils, E. Schmidt Chemistry of Essential Oils, C. Sell Analysis of Essential Oils, B. d'Acampora Zellner, P. Dugo, G. Dugo, and L. Mondello Safety Evaluation of Essential Oils: A Constituent-Based Approach, T.B. Adams and S.V. Taylor Metabolism of Terpenoids in Animal Models and Humans, W. Jager Biological Activities of Essential Oils, G. Buchbauer Effects of Essential Oils in the Central Nervous System Part I: Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oils in Humans, E. Heuberger Part II: Psychopharmacology of Essential Oils, D. Savio Nunes, V. de Moura Linck, A. Lourenco da Silva, M. Figueiro, and E. Elisabetsky Phytotherapeutic Uses of Essential Oils, B. Harris In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils Monographed in the European Pharmacopoeia 6th Edition, A. Pauli and H. Schilcher Aromatherapy with Essential Oils, M. Lis-Balchin Biotransformation of Monoterpenoids by Microorganisms, Insects, and Mammals, Y. Noma and Y. Asakawa Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals, Y. Asakawa and Y. Noma Industrial Uses of Essential Oils, W.S. Brud Encapsulation and Other Programmed Release Techniques for Essential Oils and Volatile Terpenes, J. Karlsen Aroma-Vital Cuisine, M.M. Kettenring and L.M. Vucemilovic Essential Oils Used in Veterinary Medicine, K. Husnu Can Ba,ser and C. Franz Trade of Essential Oils, H. Bovill Storage and Transport of Essential Oils, K.-D. Protzen Recent EU Legislation on Flavors and Fragrances and its Impact on Essential Oils, J.C.R. Demyttenaere Index

Abstrak :
"Explores science's new biological understanding of essential oils for improved immunity and treatment of degenerative diseases"

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu dari kegunaan minyak atsiri adalah sebagai komponen pewangi dalam industri parfum. Menthol, benzyl acetate, dan vanillin, masing-masing mewakili karakter aroma daun mint, melati, dan vanila juga merupakan bahan yang umum digunakan dalam parfum. Salah satu permasalahan dalam industri parfum adalah rendahnya ketahanan dari aroma zat pewangi karena sifat minyak atsiri yang volatil. Dalam thesis ini, telah dilakukan mikroenkapsulasi multikomponen dengan material enkapsulasi Polyvinyl Alkohol PVA dan metode simple coacervation untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tiap komponen. Optimasi dilakukan dengan metode Central Composite Diagram dengan empat variabel bebas, yaitu menthol, benzyl acetate, vanillin dan tergitol sebagai emulsifier. Efisiensi enkapsulasi, loading capacity, laju pelepasan minyak atsiri terenkapsulasi, profil dalam mikrokapsul, dan ukuran partikel telah diukur dan dihitung. Pada komposisi optimum dari menthol 13,98 w/w , benzyl acetate 14,75 w/w , vanillin 17,84 w/w , dan tergitol 15-S-9 13,4 w/w g didapatkan efisiensi enkapsulasi sebesar 97,34 dan loading capacity sebesar 46,46 . Untuk laju pelepasan menthol, enkapsulasi tidak memberikan pengurangan laju yang siginifikan, tetapi benzyl acetate yang dienkapsulasi memiliki laju pelepasan yang secara signifikan lebih perlahan. Rata-rata ukuran mikrokapsul dengan komposisi optimum adalah 20,24 m dengan rentang ukuran partikel 2,011-36,24 m. Dan berdasarkan analisis dengan mikroskop konfokal, diketahui bahwa menthol dan benzyl acetate dapat dienkapsulasi secara bersamaan dalam 1 mikrokapsul.

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ABSTRACT
One of many applications of essential oils is as fragrance in perfumery. Menthol, benzyl acetate, and vanillin, each represents olfactive characteristic of peppermint leaves, jasmine flowers, and vanilla beans, are commonly used in perfumery. These components are highly volatile, hence low shelf life. In this research, said components is encapsulated simultaniously inside Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA using simple coacervation method to increase its shelf life. Optimization has been done using Central Composite Diagram with four independent variables, i.e. composition of menthol, benzyl acetate, vanillin, and tergitol as emulsifier . Encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, release rate, microcapsule morphology, and microcapsule size have been measured. In optimum composition of menthol 13,98 w w , benzyl acetate 14,75 w w , vanillin 17,84 w w , and tergitol 15 S 9 13,4 w w encapsulation efficiency of 97,34 and loading capacity of 46,46 have been achieved. The release rate of encapsulated menthol is not significantly slower compared to unencapsulated menthol, but it is significant for encapsulated benzyl acetate. Mean diameter of microcapsule is 20,24 m and within range of 2,011 36,24 m. The image of microcapsules analyzed by confocal micrscope proves that menthol and benzyl acetate can be encapsulated simultaniously inside 1 microcapsule. The conclusion is we have been successfully encapsulated menthol, benzyl acetate, and vanillin simultaneously in one microcapsule and prolonged its shelf life.

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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diversifikasi produk ekspor terhadap kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia pada sepuluh negara tujuan utama. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi produk ekspor mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia pada sepuluh negara tujuan utama secara positif. Jika negara tujuan utama tersebut dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi produk ekspor memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap peningkatan kinerja ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia di negara non Uni Eropa dibandingkan di negara Uni Eropa.

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ABSTRAK
This study aims to determine the effect of export product diversification on export performance of Indonesian essential oils in ten main destination countries. It applies panel data regression. The result shows that the export product diversification affects the export performance of Indonesian essential oils in ten major destination countries positively. If the main destination countries were divided into two groups, the result shows that the export product diversification gives greater influence to the improvement of the export performance of Indonesian essential oils in non European Union countries than in European Union countries.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pestisida nabati berbasis minyak atsiri essential oils dapat dijadikan alternatif sebagai protektan tanaman terhadap serangan hama. Senyawa minyak atsiri cengkeh terbukti memiliki kemampuan insektisida, anti jamur dan anti bakteri. Namun, minyak atsiri menunjukkan volatilitas yang tinggi, dan cepat kehilangan aroma mereka ketika terkena atmosfer dan sensitif terhadap degradasi cahaya, panas, oksigen, serta memiliki masa simpan yang pendek. Enkapsulasi adalah teknik yang efektif digunakan untuk merancang produk dengan sifat pelepasan terkontrol yang memperpanjang fungsi produk minyak atsiri, sehingga dapat memberi perlindungan, mengurangi penguapan serta degradasi. Enkapsulator yang digunakan ialah misel kasein yang merupakan major protein dalam susu yang murah dan mudah didapatkan bersifat sangat stabil non-toksik, biokompatibel serta biodegradable. Dengan volume optimal cengkeh, buffer fosfat, dan CaCl2 sesuai penelitian sebelumnya, dengan pengeringan mini spray dry, diperoleh loading capacity 57,27 dan efisiensi enkapsulasi 87,99 . Uji toksisitas akut pada Apis mellifera diperoleh 4.06907 ppm pada LD50-24 dan 4.00512 ppm pada LD50-48 pada tingkat kepercayaan 95.

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ABSTRACT Biopesticides essential oil based can be used as a protective alternative to pest attacks. Clove essential oil proven have the ability of insecticides, anti fungal and antibacterial. However, essential oils exhibit high volatility, and rapidly lose their compound when exposed to the atmosphere and are sensitive to the degradation of light, heat, oxygen, and have a short shelf life. Encapsulation is an effective technique used to design products with controlled release properties that extend the functionality of essential oil products, thus providing protection, reducing evaporation and degradation. The encapsulators used are casein micelles which are major proteins in milk which are cheap, easy to obtain, highly stable, non toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable. With the optimal volume of cloves, phosphate buffer, and CaCl2 according to the previous research, with mini spray dry, acquired loading capacity 57.27 and encapsulation efficiency 87.99 . Acute toxicity test on Apis mellifera was obtained 4.06907 ppm at LD50 24 and 4.00512 ppm at LD50 48 at 95 confidence level.