Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This series of books are the output of the research project called "Sustainable Development in Asia (SDA)", which was initiated by the Association of Academies of Sciences in Asia (AASA). Four thematic reports on natural resources, energy, the environment and climate change, and culture from particular perspectives of agriculture.They aim to : 1) investigate common sustainability issues faced by all Asian countries, including population increase, poverty alleviation, pollution control, ecological restoration, as well as regional problems, such as water shortage in West and Central Asia, energy security in Northeast Asia, development model & transformation in East Asia, 2) analyze and summarize of best practices towards sustainable development in Asia; 3) bring forward suggestions and policy options for promoting green transition, system innovation and sustainable development of Asia."

"ABSTRACTDespite of having second largest proven natural gas reserve in Asia Pacific Region after China, consumption of natural gas in Indonesia are keep increasing, while the production of natural gas in Indonesia are at declining rate. On the other hand, the government of Indonesia are planning to use natural gas as a tool to reduce the emission and transition of energy  to renewable environmental friendly energy as a commitment to Paris Climate Agreement. However, Past literature focusing on forecast of natural gas production suggest that there will be decline after peak production of natural gas. The peak production of natural gas in Indonesia are expected to happen in 2018. The result of this study have conclude if it is not possible for the industry to fulfil the government utilization target of natural gas by 2025.

Despite of having second largest proven natural gas reserve in Asia Pacific Region after China, consumption of natural gas in Indonesia are keep increasing, while the production of natural gas in Indonesia are at declining rate. On the other hand, the government of Indonesia are planning to use natural gas as a tool to reduce the emission and transition of energy  to renewable environmental friendly energy as a commitment to Paris Climate Agreement. However, Past literature focusing on forecast of natural gas production suggest that there will be decline after peak production of natural gas. The peak production of natural gas in Indonesia are expected to happen in 2018. The result of this study have conclude if it is not possible for the industry to fulfil the government utilization target of natural gas by 2025.

---

ABSTRACTMeskipun memiliki cadangan gas alam terbukti terbesar kedua di Wilayah Asia Pasifik setelah Cina, konsumsi gas alam di Indonesia terus meningkat, sementara produksi gas alam di Indonesia berada pada tingkat yang menurun. Di sisi lain, pemerintah Indonesia berencana untuk menggunakan gas alam sebagai alat untuk mengurangi emisi dan transisi energi menjadi energi ramah lingkungan yang terbarukan sebagai komitmen terhadap Paris Climate Agreement. Namun, literatur masa lalu yang berfokus pada perkiraan produksi gas bumi menunjukkan bahwa akan ada penurunan setelah produksi puncak gas alam. Puncak produksi gas alam di Indonesia diperkirakan akan terjadi pada tahun 2018. Hasil dari penelitian ini telah menyimpulkan jika industri tidak dapat memenuhi target pemanfaatan gas bumi oleh pemerintah pada tahun 2025."

"

---

ABSTRACTThis best-selling handbook is the most comprehensive and practical reference available on energy auditing in buildings and industry. Topics include energy assessment and computer software which will guide you in planning and carrying out a thorough and accurate energy audit of any type of facility, including electrical, mechanical and building systems analysis. Clear, easy-to-follow instructions guide you through accounting procedures, rate of return and life cycle cost analysis. Also covered is information on understanding your utility bill and using that knowledge to trim your energy costs. Loaded with forms, checklists and handy working aids, book is required reading for anyone responsible for conducting or overseeing a facility energy audit."

"Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan pengaturan harga jual gas bumi melalui pipa pada kegiatan usaha hilir minyak dan gas bumi melalui Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral No. 58 tahun 2017. Peraturan tersebut belum mempertimbangkan daya beli konsumen gas bumi serta zona penetapan harga jual gas bumi ketika harga gas tersebut akan diterapkan. Tujuan studi ini adalah melakukan optimalisasi harga jual gas bumi hilir untuk sektor industri pada wilayah niaga yang ada di 46 kabupaten/kota. Optimalisasi dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan zona penetapan harga gas, net back produsen dan social welfare konsumen. Net back diperoleh dengan mengurangkan revenue penjualan gas bumi dengan biaya produksinya dari hulu sampai dengan hilir. Sedangkan social welfare diperoleh dari willingness to pay konsumen industri dikurangi harga jual gas bumi hilir. Perhitungan harga gas optimal dilakukan dengan metode optimasi multi obyektif untuk memperoleh titik optimum antara fungsi net back dan social welfare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zona gas pool merupakan zona penetapan harga jual gas bumi hilir yang optimal karena memberikan efek minimal bagi konsumen industri dan memberikan kemudahan implementasi bagi pemerintah dan badan usaha pemegang izin usaha niaga gas bumi. Selain itu, harga di gas pool dapat mencakup beberapa wilayah jaringan distribusi dengan tingkat kematangan pasar yang berbeda. Harga gas optimal pada zona gas pool berada pada rentang 8,63-16,99 USD/MMBTU dimana sebagian besar dari harga gas dari formula peraturan berada dalam rentang tersebut.

---

Indonesia regulates the pipeline gas selling price in oil and gas downstream business activities by issuing the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 58 of 2017. It has formulated the gas price by calculating the trading companies' internal rate of return and margin but has not yet considered the purchasing power of their consumers and the gas price zone determination for when the gas price will be implemented. The study aims to optimize the gas price for industrial sector in the existing sales areas in 46 districts. The optimization is conducted by considering the pricing zones, producer net backs, and consumer social welfare. Net back value is calculated by subtracting natural gas sales revenue with upstream and downstream production costs. Social welfare value is calculated from the willingness to pay of industrial consumers minus the pipeline gas selling price. The optimal gas price is calculated using multi-objective optimization method to obtain the optimum point between the net back and social welfare functions. The study found that the gas pool is an optimal pricing zone due to have minimum effect for consumers and easy implementation for trading gas companies and government. The gas pool price can cover several cities that have different levels of market maturity. The optimal gas price in gas pool is around 8,63-16,99 USD/MMBTU that most of gas price from the regulation formulation is on this range."

"The power makers ? challenge : and the need for fission energy looks at why using only conventional renewable energy sources is not quite as simple as it seems. Following a general introduction to electricity and its distribution, the author quantifies the reductions needed in greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector in the face of ever increasing world demands for electricity. It provides some much needed background on the many energy sources available for producing electricity and discusses their advantages and limitations to meet both the emission reduction challenge and electricity demand. By analyzing the three main groups of energy sources, renewable energy, fossil fuels and fission energy (nuclear power), readers can assess the ability of each group to meet the challenge of both reducing emissions and maintaining reliable supply at least cost. It is written for both non-technical and technical readers."

"Fuel cells in the waste-to-energy chain explores the concept of waste-to-energy through a 5 step process which reflects the stages during the transformation of refuse flows to a valuable commodity such as clean energy. By providing selected, integrated alternatives to the current centralized, wasteful, fossil-fuel based infrastructure, this book explores how the concept of waste-to-energy can be constructed and developed into a realistic solution. The entire spectrum of current and future energy problems is illuminated through the explanation of the operational, integration and marketing implications of high efficiency technological solutions using the real context of developed regions such as Europe. Up-to-date reviews are provided on the status of technology and demonstration, implementation and marketing perspectives. The detailed technological information and insight gathered from over twenty years of experience in the field makes Fuel cells in the waste-to-wnergy chain a valuable resource for all engineers and researchers in the fields of energy supply systems and waste conversion, as well as providing a key reference for discussions by policy makers, marketing experts and industry developers working in energy supply and waste management."