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Abstrak :
Teori yang berlaku umum menyatakan bahwa kelimpahan sumber daya ekonomimengakibatkan dampak ekonomi yang merugikan. Namun, penelitian empirisberpendapat bahwa siklisitas dari bauran kebijakan fiskal suatu negara menentukanapakah negara tersebut dapat mengambil manfaat dari kelimpahan sumber dayatersebut, terutama komoditas energi. Berfokus pada Indonesia, studi ini mengujiapakah kebijakan fiskal bersifat countercyclical atau procyclical. Penelitian inimenggunakan regresi ECM dari tiga periode sampel: 1970-2019, 1970-1998, dan1999-2019 untuk menginvestigasi sifat kebijakan fiskal Indonesia terhadap hargakomoditas energi dan melakukan perbandingan dengan negara-negara lain. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah Indonesia cenderungbersifat procyclical terhadap harga komoditas energi selama era Orde Baru danacyclical selama era Reformasi. Lebih lanjut, dari perbandingan dengan Norwegiadan Nigeria, ditemukan bahwa melakukan bauran kebijakan fiskal yangcountercyclical relevan dalam memanfaatkan potensi dari komoditas energi.Bauran tersebut termasuk menjaga bantalan fiskal dan mengelola pengeluarannegara dengan menerapkan aturan fiskal dan menciptakan dana komoditas. ......The general theoretical notion is that economic resource abundance results inadverse economic repercussions. However, empirical research has argued that thecyclicality of a country's fiscal policy mix determines whether the country can usurpthe benefits from said resource abundance, especially energy commodities, or not.Focusing on Indonesia, this study examines whether the country's fiscal policyfollows countercyclicality or procyclicality. This paper utilizes ECM regressions ofthree sample periods: 1970-2019, 1970-1998, and 1999-2019 to investigate thenature of Indonesia's fiscal policy toward energy commodity prices and conductbenchmarking with other countries. The results show that Indonesia's governmentexpenditures tend to be procyclical towards energy commodity prices during theOrde Baru era and acyclical during the Reformasi era. Furthermore, frombenchmarking with Norway and Nigeria, it is discovered that conductingcountercyclical fiscal policy mixes is pertinent in usurping the benefits from energycommodities. Those mixes include preserving fiscal buffers and managingexpenditures by implementing fiscal rules and creating a commodity fund.

Abstrak :
In The Long Emergency, James Howard Kunstler brings up tremendous arguments on what and how the civilization of mankind will face in the future if it still persists to continue to rely on the rapidly diminishing supply of fossil fuel In his stance, the writer explains that energy problem is something more than meets the eye; it has greater impact upon the world in a way so common?yet unimaginable, beyond the old and traditional comprehension. In his multi-dimensional scope, Kunstler will take the readers off far a journey in exploring how terrible can the future of oil consuming-mankind be.