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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) merupakan tumor jinak nasofaring yang bersifat hipervaskular, agresif lokal, dan destruktif. Pencitraan sebelum pembedahan untuk menentukan ukuran dan perluasan tumor, serta embolisasi preoperatif dapat mempengaruhi jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif, yang merupakan salah satu faktor morbiditas pada pasien JNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh karakteristik tumor antara lain ukuran tumor, staging, dan pembuluh darah yang memperdarahi tumor, serta efek dari embolisasi preoperatif terhadap jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada pasien JNA yang menjalani embolisasi preoperatif dan operasi pengangkatan tumor di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo sejak tahun 2018 hingga Maret 2022. Dilakukan penilaian ukuran tumor dan staging, serta identifikasi feeding artery menggunakan CT/MRI dan juga DSA embolisasi preoperatif, kemudian dilakukan analisis perbandingan dan korelasi terhadap jumlah perdaran intraoperatif. Hasil: Terdapat 21 pasien JNA yang menjalani embolisasi preoperatif dan pengangkatan tumor. Didapatkan perbedaan jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif yang bermakna antara pasien JNA stadium III dibandingkan dengan stadium I-II (p=0,006). Jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif lebih banyak pada tumor yang berukuran lebih besar, namun didapatkan korelasi yang lemah (R=0,43; p=0,051). Jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif juga berbeda bermakna pada tumor JNA dengan feeding artery dari kedua sisi arteri maksilaris interna dengan tumor JNA yang mendapatkan feeding artery satu sisi arteri maksilaris interna saja (p=0,009), serta keterlibatan feeding artery dari cabang arteri karotis interna (p=0,023). Persentase pembuluh darah yang dilakukan embolisasi preoperatif, juga mengurangi jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif (R=-0,36; p=0,113). Kesimpulan: Pencitraan preoperatif pada pasien JNA memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan perluasan tumor (staging), ukuran tumor, dan feeding artery yang berpengaruh terhadap jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif pada pasien JNA. Tindakan embolisasi preoperatif juga memiliki peranan penting dalam mengurangi jumlah perdarahan intraoperatif ......Background: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumor of the nasopharynx that is hypervascular, locally aggressive, and destructive. Imaging before surgery to determine the size and extent of the tumor, as well as preoperative embolization can affect the amount of intraoperative bleeding, which is one of the morbidity factors in JNA patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of tumor characteristics such as tumor size, staging, and blood vessels supplying the tumor, as well as the effect of preoperative embolization on the amount of intraoperative bleeding. Methods: The study was conducted on JNA patients who underwent preoperative embolization and surgical removal of tumors at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from 2018 to March 2022. Tumor size and staging were assessed, as well as identification of feeding arteries using CT/MRI and DSA preoperative embolization, then we performed a comparative and correlation analysis of the amount of intraoperative bleeding. Results: There were 21 JNA patients who underwent preoperative embolization and tumor removal. There was a significant difference in the amount of intraoperative bleeding between patients with stage III JNA compared to stage I-II (p = 0.006). The amount of intraoperative bleeding was higher in larger tumors, but a weak correlation was found (R=0.43; p=0.051). The amount of intraoperative bleeding was also significantly different in JNA tumors with feeding arteries from both sides of the internal maxillary artery compared to JNA tumors with feeding arteries on one side of the internal maxillary artery only (p=0.009), and the involvement of feeding arteries from the internal carotid artery branch (p=0.023). The percentage of vessels that underwent preoperative embolization also reduced the amount of intraoperative bleeding (R=-0.36; p=0.113). Conclusion: Preoperative imaging in JNA patients plays an important role in determining tumor expansion (staging), tumor size, and feeding arteries that affect the amount of intraoperative bleeding in JNA patients. Preoperative embolization also have an important role in reducing the amount of intraoperative bleeding.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: malformasi arteri-vena (MAV) adalah struktur abnormal yang menyebabkan fistula antara arteri dan vena tanpa perantara kapiler. MAV serebral memiliki risiko ruptur yang tinggi, dimana keadaan ruptur dapat menyebabkan kondisi katastrofik bagi pasien. Terdapat berbagai modalitas penatalaksanaan dalam manajemen MAV, seperti reseksi, embolisasi endovaskular, pembedahan stereotaktik, atau kombinasi tindakan-tindakan tersebut. Penelitian mengenai MAV sudah banyak dilakukan di luar negeri, namun masih sedikit dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: memperoleh data profil klinis, manajemen, luaran, dan gambaran pembiayaan pasien MAV serebral di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, serta memperoleh hubungan antara variabel tersebut. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan memperoleh data dari rekam medis pasien sejak tahun 2012 hingga 2021. Hasil: sebanyak 128 tindakan dilakukan pada pasien MAV serebral di RSCM. Jenis tindakan terbanyak adalah DSA diagnostik, disusul dengan GKRS dan embolisasi. Pada tindakan embolisasi,  luaran klinis yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan atara pra dan pasca operasi adalah kejang, nyeri kepala, dan penurunan kesadaran. Pada tindakan GKRS, luaran klinis yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan pra dan pasca operasi adalah kejang, nyeri kepala, mual muntah, penurunan kesadaran, hemiparesis, dan hemihipestesia. Median persentase obliterasi GKRS adalah 51,86%. Data tindakan reseksi tidak dianalisis karena jumlah sampel tidak mencukupi. Biaya tindakan paling tinggi adalah tindakan GKRS, dengan rerata pembiayaan tindakan sebesar Rp. 134.878.643,00. Kesimpulan: dibandingkan dengan embolisasi dan reseksi, tindakan GKRS menunjukkan luaran klinis yang lebih baik dengan nilai median obliterasi 51,86%, namun merupakan tindakan dengan pembiayaan paling tinggi dan tidak ditanggung oleh asuransi negara. ......Backgrounds: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal structure that causes fistulas between arteries and veins without capillary intermediaries. Cerebral AVM has a high risk of rupture, where the state of rupture can cause catastrophic conditions for the patient. There are various treatment modalities in the management of AVM, such as resection, endovascular embolization, stereotactic surgery, or a combination of the treatments above. Many researches on AVM have been carried out abroad, but little has been done in Indonesia. Objective: to obtain data on clinical profiles, management, outcomes, and costs of cerebral AVM patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, and to obtain the relationship between the variables. Method: this study is a descriptive observational study by extracting data from patient medical records from 2012 to 2021. Results: a total of 128 procedures were performed on cerebral AVM patients at RSCM. The most common type of procedure was diagnostic DSA, followed by GKRS and embolization. In the embolization procedure, the clinical outcomes that had a significant difference between pre and post-procedure were seizures, headache, and decreased consciousness. In the GKRS procedure, the clinical outcomes that had significant differences before and after the procedure were seizures, headache, nausea and vomiting, decreased consciousness, hemiparesis, and hemihypesthesia. The median percentage of GKRS obliteration was 51.86%. Resection data were not analyzed because the number of samples was insufficient. The highest cost of procedure is GKRS, with an average cost of action of Rp. 134,878,643.00. Conclusion: compared to embolization and resection, the GKRS procedure showed a better clinical outcome with a median obliteration value of 51.86%, but it was the procedure with the highest cost and was not covered by national health coverage.