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"Pulau Sulawesi, terutama Halmahera, Sulawesi Tenggara, dan Sulawesi Tengah, merupakan daerah dengan sumber daya alam mineral nikel melimpah di Indonesia. Salah satu wilayah di Sulawesi Tenggara yang memiliki prospek nikel laterit adalah Konawe Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi batas persebaran zona nikel laterit dengan menggunakan metode resistivitas yang dikorelasikan dengan data bor. Metode resistivitas yang digunakan adalah konfigurasi schlumberger yang memiliki kemampuan penetrasi hingga zona batuan dasar. Pengolahan resistivitas dilakukan dengan melakukan penggabungan data hasil sounding dilanjutkan dengan inversi data sehingga didapatkan penampang true resistivity 2-D. Hasil inversi ini kemudian akan dimodelkan dan dikorelasikan dengan data bor untuk menentukan batas zona laterit. Analisis resistivitas berdasarkan korelasi data bor pada 3 jalur interpretasi mengungkapkan adanya zona topsoil dengan resistivitas 177-2021 ?m, limonite dengan resistivitas 30-1245 ?m, saprolite dengan resistivitas 4-518 ?m, dan bedrock dengan resistivitas 55-927/m. Kedalaman topsoil terletak pada 0 m, limonite 1-6 m, saprolite 8-38 m, dan bedrock pada kedalaman 28-38 m. Selain itu, ketebalan lapisan topsoil adalah 1 m, limonite 1-5 m, dan saprolite 4-36 m. Dalam penelitian ini juga terdapat zona batuan dasar dengan nilai resistivitas rendah, yang disebabkan oleh tingginya konsentrasi air.

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Sulawesi Island, particularly Halmahera, Southeast Sulawesi, and Central Sulawesi, is an area abundant in nickel mineral resources in Indonesia. One of the regions in Southeast Sulawesi with prospects for lateritic nickel is North Konawe. This research aims to identify the boundaries of the lateritic nickel zone using resistivity methods correlated with borehole data. The resistivity method employed is the Schlumberger configuration, which allows for penetration into the bedrock zone. Resistivity data processing involves merging and inverting the data using software to obtain a 2-D true resistivity cross-section. The results of this inversion will be modeled and correlated with borehole data to determine the boundaries of the lateritic zone. Resistivity analysis based on borehole data correlation reveals the presence of a topsoil zone with resistivity ranging from 177 to 2021 ?m, limonite with resistivity ranging from 30 to 1245 ?m, saprolite with resistivity ranging from 4 to 518 ?m, and bedrock with resistivity ranging from 55 to 927/m. The topsoil depth is located at 0 m, limonite at 1-6 m, saprolite at 8-38 m, and bedrock at a depth of 28-38 m. Additionally, the thickness of the topsoil layer is 1 m, limonite ranges from 1 to 5 m, and saprolite ranges from 4 to 36 m. This research also identifies a bedrock zone with low resistivity values, attributed to a high water concentration."

"Metode resistivitas listrik merupakan salah satu metode eksplorasi sumber daya alam. Metode ini digunakan untuk menyelidiki kondisi materi di bawah permukaan bumi dengan cara mengalirkan arus listrik ke dalam tanah melalui sepasang elektroda listrik kemudian menghitung beda potensial di antara dua elektroda potensial dengan menggunakan voltmeter. Hasil pengukuran beda potensial ini dapat digunakan untuk menaksir konduktivitas di dalam bumi. Pada proses penaksiran ini diperlukan cara menghitung potensial listrik di suatu media. Berkaitan dengan masalah tersebut, maka pada skripsi ini akan dibahas model potensial listrik di suatu media dan mencari solusi dari model tersebut.

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Electrical resistivity method is an exploration method which is used to investigate the nature of the structures below the surface by employing current source. The current is injected on the surface by using the current electrodes and the electrical potential differeneces are measured by using voltmeter at the potential electrodes. The potential difference measurements can be used to estimate the conductivity in the earth. In the estimation process, the calculated electrical potential in a medium is needed. So in this skripsi, a model of the electrical potential in a medium will be discussed and solved."

"Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glasses play an important role invarious technology, including dye sensitized solar cells. One of the mostcommonly used glass is indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, which is expensive.Therefore, the mainpurpose of this research was to determine if ITO glass can be replaced withfluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass,which is easier and more economic to manufacture. For this purpose, a tinchloride dehydrate (SnCl2.2H2O)precursor was doped with ammoniumfluoride (NH4F) using asol-gel method and spray pyrolysis technique toinvestigate the fabrication process for conductiveglass. NH4F wasdoped at a ratio of 2 wt% in the SnCl2.2H2O precursor atvarying deposition times (10, 20, and 30 minutes) and substrate temperatures(250, 300, and 350°C). Theresults revealed that longer deposition times created thicker glass layers withreduced electrical resistivity. The highest opticaltransmittance was 75.5% and the lowest resistivitywas 3.32´10-5 Ω.cm,obtained from FTO glasssubjected to a 20-minute deposition time at deposition temperature of 300oC."

"Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glasses play an important role in various technology, including dye sensitized solar cells. One of the most commonly used glass is indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, which is expensive. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to determine if ITO glass can be replaced with fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, which is easier and more economic to manufacture. For this purpose, a tin chloride dehydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) precursor was doped with ammonium fluoride (NH4F) using a sol-gel method and spray pyrolysis technique to investigate the fabrication process for conductive glass. NH4F was doped at a ratio of 2 wt% in the SnCl2.2H2O precursor at varying deposition times (10, 20, and 30 minutes) and substrate temperatures (250, 300, and 350°C). The results revealed that longer deposition times created thicker glass layers with reduced electrical resistivity. The highest optical transmittance was 75.5% and the lowest resistivity was 3.32´10-5 ?.cm, obtained from FTO glass subjected to a 20-minute deposition time at deposition temperature of 300oC."

"Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass is one of most important components in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. In addition to its high electrical conductivity, transparency is another important requirement that must be achieved in fabricating TCO. One TCO film is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), which can be considered as the most promising substitution for indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), since the latter is very expensive. However, the fabrication techniques for TCO film need to be carefully selected; the synthesis parameters must be properly optimized to provide the desired properties. In this work, FTO glass has been fabricated by the ultrasonic spray pyrolisis technique with different precursors, i.e. tin (II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) and anhydrous tin (IV) chloride (SnCl4), as well as different solvents, i.e. ethanol and methanol. For both conditions, ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was used as the doping compound. The resulting thin films were characterized by use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and a four-point probe test. The results of the investigation show that the highest transmittance of 88.3% and the lowest electrical resistivity of 8.44×10-5 ?.cm were obtained with the FTO glass processed with 20 minutes of spray pyrolysis deposition and 300oC substrate heating, using SnCl4 as the precursor and methanol as the solvent. It can be concluded that TCO fabrication with tin chloride precursors and ammonium fluoride doping using ultrasonic spray pyrolisis can be considered as a simple and low cost method, as well as a breakthrough in manufacturing conductive and transparent glass."

"Fenomena pergerakan tanah rentan terjadi di daerah pesisir yang aktif secara tektonik seperti Provinsi Bengkulu dan dapat menghambat pengembangan infrastruktur. Langkah mitigasi bencana pergerakan tanah yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengidentifikasi lapisan tanah yang lunak. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan korelasi survei Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) dan Standard Penetration Test (SPT) untuk pemetaan zona dengan lapisan tanah lunak di daerah Tol Bengkulu – Taba Penanjung, Provinsi Bengkulu. Upaya untuk mengkorelasi kedua data ini diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi litologi, struktur geologi, dan zona tersaturasi air yang merupakan faktor pengaruh kekerasan suatu lapisan tanah. Penelitian mengumpulkan 15 lintasan ERT dan tiga titik bor SPT sedalam 18 hingga 22 m. Nilai resistivitas dan N-SPT kemudian diolah dan dihubungkan dengan geologi regional serta sampel litologi untuk dicari hubungan antara kedua nilai tersebut. Korelasi antara data ERT dan SPT menunjukkan hubungan yang terbalik walaupun hubungannya spesifik untuk area penelitian ini. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak kandungan lempung pada tanah di daerah penelitian yang membuat arus listrik dapat bebas bergerak dibawah permukaan namun membuat lapisan tanah menjadi lebih kompak dan keras. Hal ini didukung dengan data ERT yang menunjukkan resistivitas yang sangat rendah pada rentang 0 – 10 ohm.m dan sampel lapisan tanah yang dideskripsikan mengandung banyak lempung (clay).

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Soil movement is prone to occur in tectonically active coastal areas such as Bengkulu Province and can delay infrastructure development. Land movement disaster mitigation that can be taken is to identify soft soil layer. This study utilizes the correlation of the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) surveys for mapping zones with soft soil layers in the Bengkulu – Taba Penanjung Toll Road, Bengkulu Province. Efforts to correlate the two data are expected to identify lithology, geological structure, and water-saturated zones which are factors that influence the hardness of a soil layer. The study collected 15 ERT lines and three SPT borehole 18 to 22 m deep. The resistivity and N-SPT values were then processed and linked to regional geology and lithology samples to find the relationship between the two values. The correlation between ERT and SPT data showed an inverse relationship although the relationship was specific for this research area. The results show that there is a lot of clay content in the soil in the study area which allows electric current to move freely under the surface but makes the soil layer more compact and hard. This is supported by the ERT data which shows a very low resistivity in the range of 0 – 10 ohm.m and the soil sample which is described as containing a lot of clay."