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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas mengenai strategi bisnis, ekspansi internasional serta budaya korporasi perusahaan Jepang Fast Retailing dengan fokus terhadap label UNIQLO. Persaingan yang semakin ketat dalam bidang fashion retailing mengharuskan perusahaan-perusahaan yang bergerak di dalamnya untuk memiliki keunggulan yang membedakan diri mereka dengan kompetitor lain. UNIQLO sebagai pemain dari Jepang memiliki strategi sendiri untuk bisa berkembang ke seluruh dunia.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world.;This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world.;This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world.;This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world.;This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world.;This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world., This thesis discusses the business strategy, international expansion and corporate culture of a Japanese company Fast Retailing, focusing on their UNIQLO label. Increasingly fierce competition in the field of fashion retailing requires companies who engaged in it to have the special quality that distinguish themselves with other competitors. UNIQLO as a player from Japan has its own strategy to expand all over the world.]

Abstrak :
Medan magnet yang tinggi pada bintang neutron menimbulkan konsekuensi yang menarik, salah satunya adalah deformasi bintang neutron, persamaan koreksi deformasi yang melengkapi persamaan bola Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov dapat dihitung dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan memperhitungkan kontribusi magnetik pada persamaan tensor energi-momentum dari materi bintang neutron. Kami melakukan ekspansi multipol pada tensor energi-momentum yang mengandung medan magnet serta ekspansi multipol dari metrik relatif terhadap metrik Schwarzschild, dimana ekspansi multipol dilakukan hanya sampai pada orde kedua. Kami telah menunjukkan bahwa efek deformasi tampak lebih signifikan pada bintang neutron dengan massa kecil. Jika kita melihat pada hubungan radius massa bintang neutron. Bentuk bintang neutron berubah dari bola menjadi oblat, jika massanya menurun dari massa maksimum. ...... The high magnetic field of neutron stars leads to interesting consequences, one of which is the deformation of neutron stars, the deformation correction equations that complemented the Tolman Oppenheimer Volkov equations can be calculated from Einstein field equations and included the magnetic contribution on the energy momentum tensor of neutron star matters. Here, the multipole expansion is carried out on momentum energy tensors containing magnetic fields as well as multipole expansion of the corresponding metric around Schwarzschild metric where the corresponding multipole expansions is performed only up to second order. We have shown that the effect of deformation appears more significantly in neutron stars with small masses. If we look on mass radius relation of neutron stars, by decreasing the mass from maximum mass, the shape of neutron stars change from spherical into oblate.

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang ekspansi bisnis Saudi Aramco ke Indonesia. Saudi Aramco merupakan perusahaan minyak milik Arab Saudi yang terintergrasi penuh sebagai perusahaan minyak dan petrokimia global. Dalam perkembangannya, Saudi Aramco melakukan global downstream di Amerika Serikat serta melakukan upstream atau eksplorasi ke berbagai negara seperti Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Cina. Namun pada 2016, Saudi Aramco tertarik melakukan kerja sama joint venture ke Indonesia melalui investasi di Kilang Cilacap. Padahal berdasarkan data Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal RI (BKPM) sepanjang tahun 2016 investasi Arab Saudi ke Indonesia hanya sebesar 900 ribu USD yang terealisasi dalam 44 proyek disektor non-migas dan menempatkan Arab Saudi di posisi 57 dalam daftar negara investor di Indonesia. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, muncul  pertanyaan penulis, mengapa Arab Saudi mulai tertarik melakukan investasi ke Indonesia melalui ekspansi bisnis yang dilakukan oleh Saudi Aramco. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori Push and Pull Factors dari Evans, Bridson, Byrom, dan Medway. Dalam menganalisis obyek penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil analisis peneliti menemukan bahwa push factors yang mendorong Saudi Aramco untuk melakukan ekspansi bisnis ke Indonesia adalah:  a) kondisi domestik Arab Saudi; b) tantangan domestik Arab Saudi; c) strategi pengembangan Saudi Aramco; dan d) adanya kebijakan Saudi Vision 2030. Sedangkan pull factors yang menarik Saudi Aramco untuk ekspansi bisnis ke Indonesia adalah: a) potensi kerja sama bilateral antara kedua negara dan sumber daya yang besar di Indonesia; dan b) kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia melalui proyek Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adanya faktor penarik yang kuat dari kebijakan Indonesia yang memberi sejumlah kemudahan bagi Saudi Aramco seperti: perizinan, penghapusan pajak penghasilan dalam waktu tertentu (Tax Holiday) dan memangkas komponen pembentukan setoran PPh (Tax Allowance), pembebasan pengenaan Pajak Penambahan Nilai (PPN) dan bea masuk bagi barang-barang yang dibutuhkan di dalam pembangunan proyek kilang Cilacap sehingga Saudi Aramco mulai tertarik untuk berinvestasi di Indonesia. Perbedaan penelitian ini dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya bahwa belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji tentang ekspansi bisnis Saudi Aramco ke Indonesia, maka peneliti mencoba menjelaskan beberapa fakta terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspansi bisnis Saudi Aramco ke Indonesia.

 

Kata Kunci : Ekspansi Bisnis, Push and Pull Factors, Investasi, Indonesia, Saudi Vision 2030, Proyek RDMP.

 

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ABSTRACT

This research examines on the topic of Saudi Aramco`s Business Expansion to Indonesia. Saudi Aramco is a fully integrated oil company owned by Saudi Arabia as a global oil and petrochemical company. During its development, Saudi Aramco conducted a global downstream in the United States and carried out upstream or exploration in various countries such as Japan, South Korea and China. However in 2016, Saudi Aramco was interested to joint ventures cooperation towards Indonesia through investments in the Cilacap Refinery. However based on the data from Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM), throughout 2016 Saudi Arabia`s investment in Indonesia was only 900 thousand USD which was realized in 44 non-oil sectors and placing Saudi Arabia at 57 in the list of state investors in Indonesia. Seeing this question, the author`s question arises, Saudi Arabia was interested to invest in Indonesia through business expansion carried out by Saudi Aramco. To answer this question, this research will use Theory of Push and Pull Factors from Evans, Bridson, Byrom, & Medway. In applying the theory used in the analysis, the data will use qualitative research methods. In the analysis, researchers found that the driving factors that led Saudi Aramco to expand its business to Indonesia were: a) domestic conditions in Saudi Arabia; b) Saudi Arabia Domestic challenges; c) Saudi Aramco`s development strategy; and d) the policies of the Saudi Arabian government which gave rise to the Saudi Vision 2030 policy. Then the attractive factors that attracted Saudi Aramco for business expansion to Indonesia were: a) the existence of Indonesia`s potential; and b) Indonesian government policies through the Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP) project. This research discusses the strong pulling factors of Indonesian policies that contribute to Saudi Aramco including ease of licensing, removing taxes within a certain time (Holiday Taxes), Tax Allowance, Value-Added Tax and import duties for goods needed in the construction of refineries so that Saudi Aramco began to be interested to invest in Indonesia. The difference between this research and the previous researches that did not have research that examined the expansion of Saudi Aramco`s business into Indonesia, the researchers tried to explain some facts related to the factors that increased Saudi Aramco's expansion to Indonesia.

 

Keywords: Business Expansion, Push and Pull Factor, Investment, Indonesia, Saudi Vision 2030, RDMP Project.

 

Abstrak :
Tesis ini dibuat untuk perencanaan pajak khususnya pemilihan bentuk hukum yang paling efisien menurut aspek perpajakan untuk Perusahaan X jika melakukan ekspansi bisnis. Negara yang digunakan sebagai contoh untuk tujuan ekspansi dalam penelitian ini adalah Singapura. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini Penulis menyimulasikan proyeksi laporan laba rugi Perusahaan X jika melakukan ekspansi dalam tiga bentuk hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk hukum yang paling efisien menurut aspek perpajakan adalah ekspansi bisnis dalam bentuk kantor cabang. ......This thesis is made for tax planning in particular the selection of the most efficient legal form according to the taxation aspects for Company X if it is doing business expansion. The country used as an example for expansion purposes in this study is Singapore. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. In this study the author simulates the projected income statement of Company X if it expands in three legal forms. The results of this study conclude that the most efficient legal form according to the taxation aspect is business expansion in the form of branch offices.

Abstrak :
Pengukuran antena dengan metode medan dekat dikembangkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pada pengukuran medan jauh, dengan cara melakukan pengukuran pada jangkauan medan dekat radiasi lalu mentransformasikan data terukur menjadi pola radiasi medan jauh. Secara umum, penekanan berpusat pada teknik berbasis teori-teori ekspansi yang mengekspresikan medan dekat sebagai penjumlahan mode-mode yang dapat berupa planar, silindris atau sferis. Transformasi medan dekat ke medan jauh pemindai silindris menggunakan ekspansi mode silindris yang komputasinya memanfaatkan algoritma Fast Fourier Transform dan fungsi Hankel. Transformasi menggunakan ekspansi pencuplikan merupakan transformasi yang diturunkan dari ekspansi mode silindris untuk mengurangi jumlah cuplikan dengan cara memperlebar spasi cuplikan pada sumbu vertikal (sumbu z) melebihi batas maksimum spasi menurut kriteria pencuplikan. Pada penelitian ini dirancang transformasi medan dekat ke medan jauh pada pengukuran medan dekat menggunakan algoritma berbasis ekspansi modal silindris untuk mendapatkan pola radiasi medan elektrik (E) dan pola medan magnetik (H). Dengan nilai E dan H yang diperoleh, dilakukan perhitungan untuk mendapatkan parameter kinerja antena berupa daya pancar, intensitas radiasi dan directivity. Selain itu dirancang juga transformasi dengan algoritma ekspansi pencuplikan, untuk digunakan dalam transformasi data medan dekat yang spasi cuplikannya telah diperlebar dari batas maksimum spasi cuplikan sumbu z. Hasil penelitian telah dapat menggambarkan pola medan magnetik dari transformasi medan dekat ke medan jauh. Hasil pengujian transformasi pada simulasi menunjukkan penyimpangan rata-rata sebesar 1,556 dB pada pola medan E, penyimpangan rata-rata sebesar 0,722 dB pada pola medan H, dan sebesar 2,89 dB pada pola directivity. Penyimpangan pola medan E pada hasil transformasi data medan dekat pengukuran rata-rata sebesar 3,965 dB dan untuk medan H sebesar 2,818 dB. Keakuratan pada hasil transformasi dengan ekspansi pencuplikan tetap dapat dipertahankan pada pengurangan jumlah cuplikan. Spasi cuplikan dapat diperlebar sampai dengan 0,88 kali panjang gelombang. Pengurangan jumlah cuplikan sebesar 32% menghasilkan pengurangan waktu komputasi 31,51% dan pengurangan waktu pengukuran sebesar 32,75%. Pengurangan jumlah cuplikan sebesar 48% menghasilkan pengurangan waktu komputasi sebesar 47,46 dan pengurangan waktu pengukuran sebesar 49,12%. ......Near field antenna measurement was developed to overcome problems of limited space and uncontrollable environmental conditions in the far field measurements. Antenna under test (AUT) was measured by scanning probe antenna in the form of planar, cylindrical or spherical. Then the measured near field data were transformed into the far field radiation pattern. Generally, the emphasis has been centered on techniques based on expansion theories which express the near-field as a summation of modes. The modes can be planar (plane waves), cylindrical (Hankel modes) or spherical (spherical wave functions). Near field to far field transformation of cylindrical scanning use the cylindrical mode expansion for computing the data and employed the FFT algorithm and Hankel functions to obtain the far field radiation pattern. Transformations using sampling expansions are derived from cylindrical modal expansion to reduce the number of sampling by expanding the sample spacing on the vertical axis (z-axis) exceeding the maximum sample spacing criteria. The research focused on designing a near field to far field transformation using cylindrical scanning by developing a cylindrical modal expansion-based algorithm to obtain the electric and magnetic field radiation pattern. The result of electric field and magnetic field are employed to compute the performance parameters of radiation power, radiation intensity and directivity. The sampling expansion transformation was designed to reconstruct the antenna far field radiation pattern from near field measurement data whose sampling spacing has been extended to exceed the maximum sample spacing criteria. The results have shown that a pattern of magnetic field can be obtained from near field to far field transformation. The transformation of simulation software showed an average deviation of 1.556 dB on the electric field pattern, the average deviation of 0.722 dB on the magnetic field pattern, and the average deviation of 2.89 dB on the directivity pattern. Average error of near field to far-field transformation of the measurement data was 3.965 dB on the electric field pattern and 2.818 dB on the magnetic field pattern. The transformation accuracy of the sampling expansion can be maintained on reducing number of sample spacing. Sample spaces could be extended up to 0.88 times of the wavelength. Sampling reduction of 32% results in computation time reduction of 31.51% and measurement time reduction of 32.75%. Sampling reduction of 48% results in computation time reduction of 47.46% and measurement time reduction of 49.12%.