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"Fraud has become a challenging phenomena affecting economies worldwide. Anti-fraud measures are an integral part of today's management practices and have found their way into business education. Yet in developing countries these topics have long been neglected and only limited research has been conducted in this area. This book fills an essential gap by analyzing the impact of fraud on developing economies, describing successful anti-fraud methods and featuring cases that exemplify the measures described. "

"Rata-rata upah di Jawa lebih tinggi dibandingkan di luar Jawa. Data menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh kota dengan populasi di atas satu juta jiwa berada di Jawa. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan aglomerasi memiliki peranan terhadap perbedaan upah. Literatur menunjukan bahwa karakteristik kota seperti keunggulan sumber daya alam, ketersediaan infrastruktur, dan akses pasar yang baik dapat mempengaruhi tingkat upah. Studi terdahulu terkait aglomerasi ekonomi di Indonesia dalam konteks urbanization economies lebih banyak dilakukan pada level makro dengan unit analisis provinsi atau kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh aglomerasi ekonomi dan karakterstik kota terhadap upah tenaga kerja pada level mikro dengan menggunakan data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aglomerasi ekonomi, ketersediaan infrastruktur, dan akses pasar yang baik berpengaruh positif terhadap upah di Jawa dan luar Jawa.

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Average wages in Java are higher than in the rest of Indonesia. Data shows that more than half of the cities with over one million population are located in Java. This facts indicates that agglomeration have a role in wage differences. Literature shows that the characteristics of cities such as natural advantage, availability of infrastructure, and good market access can affect wage levels. Previous studies related to agglomeration economies in Indonesia in the context of urbanization economies were mostly conducted at the macro level. This study analyzes the effect of agglomeration economies and cities' characteristics on labor wages at the micro-level by using the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) data. The results showed that agglomeration economies, infrastructure availability, and good market access had a positive effect on wages in Java and outside Java"

"ABSTRAKPinjaman mikro untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga menarik diteliti, karena analisis perbandingan sebelum dan setelah menerima pinjaman mikro memunculkan seleksi bias. Kondisi setiap rumah tangga tentunya tidak mungkin sama sebelumnya, sehingga perbedaan kondisi tersebut berarti tidak sepenuhnya akibat pinjaman mikro yang diterima rumah tangga. Terdapat risiko moral hazard karena adanya informasi tidak sempurna. Menggunakan metode double difference (DD) untuk mengestimasi besarnya dampak pinjaman mikro. Hasilnya menunjukkan pinjaman mikro secara nominal signifikan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan relatif kecil sehingga tidak tampak saat regresi. Implikasinya pinjaman mikro untuk tujuan produktif dapat membantu memoerbaiki kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga. Pengawasan dan pendampingan secara efektif dan berkelanjutan dapat meminimalkan risiko adanya moral hazard."

"Dr. Baharati Mohapatra examines the social, functional, physical and emotional aspects of neighborhood Open Space and the attitude of people for community participation in managing the Open Space, as well as development of a framework for community participation by integrating the social, psychological and spatial attributes."

"The book offers a radical departure from the conventional wisdom of economists and economic historians by showing that factor markets and the economies dominated by them, the market economies, are not modern, but existed at various times in the past. They are not always rising, but after some time they stagnate and decline again. They are not uniform, but consist of very different combinations of institutions embedded in very different societies. They create flexibility and high mobility in the exchange of land, labour, and capital, and initially they generate economic growth, although they also build on the growth already generated by these societies in the previous period using other exchange and allocation systems. The dynamism that results from the rise of factor markets leads to the rise of new market elites who accumulate land and capital and use wage labour extensively to make their wealth profitable. In the long run this creates social polarization and a decline of average welfare. As these new elites gradually translate their economic wealth into political leverage, it also creates institutional sclerosis, and makes these markets stagnate or decline again. This process is analysed for the three major, pre-industrial examples of successful market economies in western Eurasia: Iraq in the early Middle Ages, Italy in the high Middle Ages, and the Low Countries in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, and more succinctly for England and the United States in the modern period."

"PT. XYZ mengalami kemunduran dibandingkan dengan kompetitornya di industri manufaktur velg aluminium terutama dari segi biaya rendah produksi, maka diperlukan upaya membangun keunggulan biaya rendah yang mengacu kepada terciptanya keunggulan bersaing. Perusahaan dapat menciptakan keunggulan biaya rendah dengan menerapkan kombinasi dari skala ekonomi dan kurva pengalaman secara bersamaan. Kombinasi dari kedua konsep tersebut perlu didukung oleh sumber daya dan kapabilitas perusahaan yang tepat untuk dapat membangun keunggulan bersaing. Karya akhir ini meneliti sumber daya dan kapabilitas yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan untuk membangun skala ekonomi dan membuat kurva pengalaman. PT. XYZ dapat mempertimbangkan upaya strategis ini untuk membangun keunggulan bersaing perusahaannya.

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PT. XYZ is experiencing setbacks compared to its competitors in the aluminium wheel manufacture industry especially in low cost roduction, thus it needs to build low cost advantage that leads to competitive advantage. A company can create low cost advantage by applying combination of both economies of scale and experience curve. Combination of both concepts needs to be supported by the correct resources and capabilities in order to build competitive advantage. This tesis will research which resources and capabilities are needed to build economies of scale and to construct experience curve. PT. XYZ can consider this strategic effort to build its competitive advantage."

"Dampak 'syok Cina' pada mitra dagang merupakan sumber guncangan yang besar terhadap pasokan yang menggusur produsen manufaktur dinegara-negara lain, selain itu juga menjadi sumber guncangan permintaan yang mendorong berbagai sektor luar negeri termasuk yang memproduksi produk primer, perantara, dan jasa. Namun, banyak literatur hanya menekankan pada syok pasokan dan dampaknya, meninggalkan sejumlah besar pertanyaan terhadap 'syok Cina'. Kami melakukan melakukan penelitian penting dengan menjelaskan 'syok Cina' dari dua sisi dan dampaknya di beberapa negara (Brasil, Indonesia, India, Meksiko, dan Turki) yang hasil penelitian dinegara-negara tersebut masih sedikit dan tidak dapat dibandingkan secara langsung. Dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja akuntansi input-output yang menyoroti aspek penciptaan lapangan kerja dari ekspor bersama dengan aspek pengurangan tenaga kerja melalui impor, kami menyajikan penelitian tentang efek ketenagakerjaan dari perdagangan bilateral dengan China selama periode 1995-2011. Hasil kami menunjukkan bahwa mempertimbangkan efek dari penawaran dan permintaan yang terkait dengan guncangan Cina menyebabkan 3,7 juta pekerjaan hilang di negara-negara ini, dibandingkan dengan 11,8 juta jika hanya syok pasokan yang dipertimbangkan. Kecuali Brasil, semua negara lain mengalami penurunan permintaan tenaga kerja terkait dengan perdagangan bilateral dengan China.

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The impact of 'China shocks' on trading partners is a source of a massive supply shock that displaces foreign manufacturing producers, combined with an important source of demand shock that propelled forward a wide range of foreign sectors including those producing primary products, intermediates, and services. Yet, much of the emphasis of the literature has been placed on the supply shock and its impact, leaving a large span of 'China shocks' unexplained.

We undertake the important task to account for the dual track of 'China shocks' and their impacts on a representative set of emerging economies (Brazil, Indonesia, India, Mexico, and Turkey) for which the evidence remains scanty and not directly comparable. Using a global input-output accounting framework which highlights the job creation aspect of exports along with the job destruction aspect of imports, we provide evidence on the employment effect of bilateral trade with China over the 1995-2011 period.

Our results suggest that considering the net effect of supply and demand related to China shocks leads to 3.7 million job losses for these economies, compared to 11.8 million if only the supply shock has been considered. Except for Brazil, all other countries have experienced job losses associated with net exports with China, the direct result of the resource sector. When we isolate the portion of employment changes associated only to the exogenous effects to this set of economies, they all become subject to important job losses."

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Penanaman modal asing (PMA) dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang luar biasa, bahkan di negara-negara berkembang. PMA dapat menyediakan sumber daya keuangan, transfer teknologi, meningkatkan praktik dan keterampilan organisasi dan manajerial, dan memberikan akses ke pasar internasional. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menyadari bahwa PMA dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekonomi negara. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kepentingan relatif dari berbagai jenis aglomerasi untuk penentuan lokasi PMA di sektor manufaktur di Indonesia. Data ini dianalisis dengan model multinomial logit di mana variabel dependen adalah pilihan lokasi. Tesis ini meneliti faktor-faktor penentu PMA baru (greenfield) di sektor manufaktur di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data tingkat mikro dari izin prinsip yang tidak dipublikasikan dari Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Indonesia (BKPM). Penelitian ini menguji dari 23 kabupaten di Pulau Jawa yang menerima PMA di sektor manufaktur dalam lima tahun terakhir. Hasil dari temuan ekonomi agglomerasi (baik milik asing dan perusahaan domestik) menunjukkan dampak yang signifikan dan positif namun kecil. Variabel-variabel lain, termasuk fasilitas, dan kondisi pasar tenaga kerja—secara anomali dengan upah minimum yang lebih tinggi— menunjukan hasil yang lebih penting dibandingkan aglomerasi. Karena efek aglomerasi yang kecil, hal ini berarti bahwa ekonomi aglomerasi bukanlah faktor penentu dalam menarik PMA. Investor asing yang baru tidak hanya mencari kabupaten di mana pabrik asing atau domestik telah berada tetapi juga mempertimbangkan hal-hal lain seperti kepadatan jalan dan ketersediaan tenaga kerja.

 

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) may precipitate remarkable economic growth, even in developing countries. FDI can provide financial resources, transfer technology, improve organizational and managerial practices and skills, and afford access to international markets. This paper aims to measure the relative importance of the different types of agglomeration for location decision of FDI in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. These data are analyzed with a multinomial logit model where the dependent variable is the choice of location. It examines the determinant factors of new (greenfield) foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector in Java Island, Indonesia. This study used unpublished micro-level data of principle licenses from the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (IICB), which examine23 counties of Java Island that received manufacturing FDI in the last five years. The finding is agglomeration economies in production (both foreign-owned and domestic firms) show a significant and positive but small impact. Other variables, including facilities, and labor market conditions—anomalously in that a higher minimum wage—matter as much or more than an agglomeration of production. Because the agglomeration effect is small, it means that agglomeration economies are not the detemining factor in attracting FDI. The new foreign investors not only seek counties in which foreign or domestic plants have already located but also consider other things such as the density of roads and the availability of labor.

 

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