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"Contents :What is echocardiography? -- Views of the heart -- Optimising the picture -- The left ventricle -- Diastolic function and dyssynchrony -- The right ventricle -- The atria -- Myocardial infarction -- The cardiomyopathies -- Right ventricular pathologies -- Principles of valve disease -- Assessing the aortic valve -- The mitral valve -- The right heart valves -- Infective endocarditis -- Prosthetic valves -- Pericardial disease -- Cardiac masses -- The aorta -- Congenital septal abnormalities -- 3D echocardiography -- The comprehensive examination -- The focused examination -- Reporting an echo study."

""The Washington Manual of Echocardiography contains essential and relevant information for trainees. It has been prepared by cardiology fellows, with the trainees' perspective in mind, and supervised and edited by faculty from the Washington University School of Medicine. The Washington Manual of Echocardiography provides quick insight into the interpretation of echocardiographic images, understanding the basic echocardiographic and Doppler physiology, and assisting with the technical aspects of transducing an echocardiographic exam. The Washington Manual of Echocardiogrpahy is geared toward cardiology fellows, emergency department physicians, and internal medicine residents interested in cardiology. This book is comprehensive enough to carry trainees through the echo rotation as well as concise and accessible at 3 a.m., when trainees are trying to appropriately diagnose important pathologies. It provides easily digestible knowledge and pearls from experienced echocardiologists and sonographers. Features Include: Easy-to-navigate sections on valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, congenital anomalies and trans-esophageal echocardiography, Image-heavy pocket book to enhance visual learning, Early emphasis on pearls and techniques on how to transduce an exam and get the optimal images. Succinct yet comprehensive information on key areas of echocardiography and Doppler techniques"--Provided by publisher."

"Echocardiography in Heart Failure - a volume in the exciting new Practical Echocardiography Series edited by Dr. Catherine M. Otto - provides practical, how-to guidance on effectively applying echocardiography to evaluate heart failure, make therapeutic decisions, and monitor therapy. Definitive, expert instruction from Drs. Martin St. John Sutton and Denise Wiegers is presented in a highly visual, case-based approach that facilitates understanding and equips you to accurately apply this technique while avoiding any potential pitfalls. Access the full text online at www.expertconsult.com al."

"ABSTRAKA 27-year-old primiparous woman with 28 weeks gestational age was admitted to our hospital with worsening shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with Ebstein?s anomaly three years ago, but preferred to be left untreated. The patient was not cyanotic and her vital signs were stable. Her ECG showed incomplete RBBB and prolonged PR-interval. Blood tests revealed mild anemia. Observation of two-dimensional echo with color flow Doppler study showed Ebstein?s anomaly with PFO as additional defects, EF of 57%, LV and LA dilatation, RV atrialization, severe TR, and moderate PH with RVSP of 44.3 mmHg. The patient then underwent elective sectio caesaria at 30 weeks of gestational age; both the mother and her baby were alive and were in good conditions. Problem: there was an increasing breathlessness in this patient so that there was an increasing need to take a decision for her pregnancy.Ebstein?s anomaly is a complicated congenital anomaly. Medical treatment may be followed for many years in patients with mild forms of Ebstein?s anomaly. Surgery should be considered if there is objective evidence of debasement such as significant enlargement of heart size, reduction of systolic function in echocardiography."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan komorbid yang sering terjadi dan menjadi penyebab kematian pada pasien penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK). Penyakit kardiovaskular menjadi salah satu faktor prediksi tahan hidup pasien PPOK. Pemeriksaan echocardiography merupakan pemeriksaan yang akurat dan menyediakan informasi untuk evaluasi fungsi jantung.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fungsi jantung pasien PPOK berdasarkan temuan echocardiography di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien PPOK stabil yang berkunjung ke poli asma-PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan.Penelitian dilakukan dari Januari-Juni 2017. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria akan dilakukan anamnesis, spirometri dan echocardiography.Hasil: Sebanyak 70 pasien ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dan dilakukan echocardiography. Usia rerata subjek adalah 65,68 ± 7,65. Subjek terbanyak adalah laki-laki (95,7%). Pada penelitian ini ditemukan 5,7% subjek memiliki gagal jantung kiri, 11,4% memiliki gagal jantung kanan, 30% hipertensi pulmoner, 8,6% mengalami dilatasi ventrikel kanan dan 11,4% mengalami pembesaran ventrikel kiri. Analisis statistik menemukan hubungan bermakna antara tricuspid annular plane excursion(TAPSE) dengan eksaserbasi pada PPOK(p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kontraksi ventrikel kanan, hipertensi pulmoner dan dilatasi ventrikel kanan. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat keparahan PPOK dengan dimensi, tekanan dan kontraksi jantung.Kesimpulan: Prevalens gangguan fungsi jantung tinggi pada pasien PPOK dan memiliki hubungan dengan eksaserbasi pada PPOK. Pasien dengan fungsi paru rendah memiliki kecenderungan untuk memilki gangguan di jantung.

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Background/Aim: Cardiovascular disease is a frequent comorbidity and cause of death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cardiovascular disease is one of predictive of survival in COPD. Echocardiography provides accurate and rapid information to evaluate cardiac function. The aim of this study is to elucidate the cardiac function based on echocardiography findings in stable COPD patients in the Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta.Methods: This study is a cross sectionalstudy among stable COPD patients who visit asthma-COPD clinics in Persahabatan Hospitals from January to June 2017. Interview, spirometry dan echocardiography perform to all subject who meet the ctiteria.Results: A total 70 subject with COPD perform echocardiography with mean ages 65,68 ± 7,65. Most of subject were men (95,7%). In this study found 5,7% subjects with left ventricle failure, 11,4% with right ventricle failure, 30% with pulmonary hypertension, 8,6% with right ventricle dilatation and 11,4% left ventricle hypertrophy. Statistic analysis have found significant association between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and exacerbation in COPD patient (p<0,05). In this study found significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) and right ventricle contraction, pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle dilatation. There were no significant relationship between COPD severity and cardiac dimension, pressure and contraction.Conclusion: Prevalence of cardiac function abnormality were high in COPD patient and have relationship with exacerbation of COPD. Patient with lower lung function tender to have cardiac problem."

"Latar Belakang: Angka mortalitas pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) di Indonesia cukup tinggi, salah satu organ yang terlibat dalam memengaruhi tingginya mortalitas ini adalah jantung. Evaluasi ekokardiografi dapat membantu mengidentifikasi secara dini gangguan jantung yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas pasien. Saat ini data kelainan jantung dengan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi pada pasien COVID-19 derajat berat-kritis di Indonesia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara kelainan ekokardiografi dengan mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19 derajat berat dan kritis.Metode: Data pasien COVID-19 derajat berat dan kritis di RSCM diambil berdasarkan rekam medis lalu dilakukan analisis data dengan menampilkan tabel deskriptif, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil: Dari total 83 pasien, sebanyak 48 pasien (57,8%) meninggal. Kelainan fungsional yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ekokardiografi adalah mPAP yaitu sebanyak 51 pasien (68%) dan gangguan struktural terbanyak adalah remodelling konsentrik ventrikel kiri yaitu 48 pasien (58%). Hasil analisis chi-square terhadap variabel ekokardiografi memperlihatkan bahwa Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) dengan RR 7,29 (IK95%; 0,98 - 54,36), Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) dengan RR 10,21 (IK95%; 1,41 - 74,04), mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) dengan RR 1,44 (IK95%; 1,02 - 2,04), Pulmonary Acceleration Time (PAT) dengan RR 2,36 (IK95%; 1,14 - 4,86), dan Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) dengan RR 3,40 (IK95%; 1,06 - 10,95), memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan mortalitas. Sedangkan Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri (E/e’) dan cardiac output (CO) tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik menunjukan bahwa variabel ekokardiografi yang secara independen berhubungan dengan mortalitas adalah RVSP dan RAP.Simpulan: Kelainan ekokardiografi yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas pasien COVID 19 derajat berat dan kritis adalah TAPSE, RVSP, mPAP, PAT dan estimasi RAP.

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Background: The mortality rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient in Indonesia is high and one of the organ that may contribute mortality is heart problem. Echocardiography can help clinician to identify early functional abnormalities and structural defect of heart that may correlates to mortality and patient’s prognosis. Currently, there are limited data in Indonesia about cardiac abnormalities in severe-critically ill COVID-19 patients that evaluated with echocardiography.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between echocardiography abnormalities and mortality in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients.Methods: Severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients data taken from medical records and then analyzed by presenting descriptive table, bivariate analysis using chi square and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results: Out of total 83 patients, 48 ​​patients (57.8%) died. The most common functional abnormality found on echocardiography was mPAP found in 51 patients (68%) and the most common structural defect was left ventricular concentric remodeling in 48 patients (58%). The results of chi-square analysis of echocardiographic variables are Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) RR 7,29 (95%CI; 0,98 - 54,36), Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) RR 10,21 (95% CI; 1,41 - 74,04), mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) RR 1,44 (95%CI; 1,02 - 2,04), Pulmonary Acceleration Time (PAT) RR 2,36 (95%CI; 1,14 - 4,86), dan Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) RR 3,40 (95% CI; 1,06 - 10,95)had a significant relationship with mortality. Meanwhile, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (E/e') and cardiac output (CO) had no significant relationship. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that RVSP and RAP were independent variables that correlates to mortality.Conclusions: Echocardiography abnormalities that associated with mortality in severe-critically ill patients are TAPSE, RVSP, mPAP, PAT and estimated RAP"

"Penelition ini bertuiuan untuk menilai derajat Hipertensi Pulmonal (HP) secora kwantitatif dengan pemeriksaan "Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography" (PDE). Penelition dilakukan terhadap 60 penderita HP, semua menialani kateterisasi jantung. Kelompok kelola terdiri dari 15 orang normal.Parameter PDE dilakukan pengukuran "right ventricel pre ejection period" (RPEP), "acceleration time" (ACT), "right Ventricel ejection time" (RVEP) serta rosio RPEP/ACT, RPEP/RVET don AcT/RVET. BerdosarKan panjang fase AcT.penderita dibagi dalom 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok ACT < 80 ms (kelompok A) dan ACT = 80-120 ms (kelompok B). Berdasarkan "mean pulmonary artery pressure" (MPA) dari kateterisasi jantung, penderita dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok 20-40 mmHg (HP-1), 41-60 mmHg (HP-2) don >60 mmHg C HP-3 ), berturut-turut sesuai dengan deraiat ringan, sedang dan berat. Berdasarkan "pulmonary arterial resintance" ( PAR ) penderita HP karena pirau intrakardial dibagi 2, yaitu kelompok < 5HRU (PAR-1) dan > 5 HRU (PAR-2). Nilai Parameter PDE dari tiap kelompok dibandingkan dengan nilai MPA dan PAR dari hasil pemeriksaan kateterisasi jantung. penderita dibagi 2 golongan, yaitu HP hiperkinetiK don HP pasif, selonjutnya parameter PDE kedua golongon tersebut dibandingkan.Didapatkon korelasi kuat antara AmPA masing-masing dengan RPEP ( MPA = 5.14 + 0.44 RPEP, r = 0.76, SEE = 9.34, X0.01), ACT ( MPA = 84.69 + 0.55 ACT, r =-0.78, SEE=8.99, p<0.01), dan RPEP/ACT (MPA= 18.93 + 15.90 RPEP/ACT, r=0.87, SEE= 7.07, P<0.01). Juga didapatkan korelasi kuat antara PAR dengan RPEP (PAR = -7.93 + 0.12 RPEP, r = 0.82, SEE = 2-055, P<0-01), ACT ( PAR = 17.44 - 0.15 ACT, r = -0.84, SEE = 1.89, P<0.01) dan RPEP/ACT (PAR= -1.16 + 4-24 RPEP/Ac75 r = 11.90, SEE=1.56, P<0-01). Rasio RPEP/ACT dapat membedakon kelcmpoK HP-1, HP-2 don HP-3 secara bermakna (HP-13 1.03-+0.27, dibanding HP-2, 2-02 (0.36, P<0.05 ; HP-2 dibanding HP-3, 2.82±0.423 p<0.05). Rasio RPEP/ACT 1.61 atau kurang sesuai dengan HP ringan, rasio 2.22 atau lebih sesuai dengan HP berat, rasio antara 1.61 - 2.22 sesuai dengan HP sedang. Parameter tersebut juga dapat menentukan tingginya PAR. Parameter PDE golongan HP hiperkinetik tidak berbeda bermakna dibanding HP pasif.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa RPEP, ACT don RPEP/ACT merupakan Parameter PDE yang dapat dipokai untuk menilai secora kwanitatif don kwanitatif dero,iat HP. Rasio RPEP/ACT merupakan satu-satunya parameter sensitif yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan HP ringan, sedang dan berat. Golongan HP hiperkinetik dan HP pasif mempunyai parameter PDE soma."

"The prevalence of coronary heart disease in the adult population with diabetes mellitus (DM) is far greater (55%) than in the general public (2-4%). There is an acknowledged correlation between type I hidden ischemia and the incidence of myocardiac infarct. There needs to be a way to determine the presence or absence of ischemia. An alternative examination method is the Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE).This study was conducted at the Metabolic-Endocrine and the Cardiology Out-Patient Clinics of the Department of Internal Medicine ofCipto Mangunkusumo Central Public General Hospital, Jakarta, from February to August 2001.The aim of the study is to detect undetected myocardiac ischemia using the electrocardiography among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and podiatric abnormality and testing the correlation between certain factors (sex, age, body mass index, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, HbAlc, peripheral vascular disease, smoking, retinopathy, and neuropathy) with myocardiac ischemia.Methodology: The study was designed as a comparative study of the incidence of myocardiac ischemia between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without podiatric abnormalities. The sample consisted of 28 patients. Samples underwent the dobutamine stress echocardiographyResults: dobutamine stress echocardiography examination using Apogee on 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with podiatric abnormality demonstrated a positive ischemic response in 4 people (28.6%). No positive findings were found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without podiatric abnormality.Conclusion: 1. DSE could detect myocardiac ischemia in 28.6% of type 2 diabetes mellitus undetected with electrocardiography. 2. Other factors that influenced a positive dobutamine stress echocardiography were autonomic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, the duration of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, and podiatric abnormality."