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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Blood lipid is one of the factors which might cause atheroschlerosis especially if hyperlipidemia occurs (blood total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl and triglyceride a 150 mg/di). Consumption of foods with !ow lipid content can prevent hyperlipidemia. Soybeans and products made from them, such as soybean tempe, were reported to have a hypolipidemic effect. Those foods can decrease the human blood cholesterol and trigyceride level. Ergosterol is a sterol in cell membranes of microorganism, especially fungi and was found in the hyphae and spores of fungi. Ergosterol in Rhizopus spp. has not yet been studied, while Rhizopus moulds are used in the fermentation of soybean cotyledons into soybean tempe, a product which is widely consumed by all strata of the Indonesian community. The University of Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC) has a number of Rhizopus species, which are most isolated from Indonesian soybean tempe. Morphologically two groups of Rhizopus moulds can be distinguished according to length of hyphae, measurements of the sporangiospores, and growth temperatures. The groups are macro-Rhizopus and micro-Rhizopus. This thesis consists of two parts. Part i is on the ergosterol content of the dry biomass of each UICC Rhizopus strain and in the soybean tempe. In Part II is studies the potency of ergosterol to decrease the blood lipid level in rats The studies were carried out at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Plant and Animal Reproduction Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Indonesia; at the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Technologies, of The Ministry of Health; Jakarta Ill College; and also Laboratory of Chemical Analysis LIPI Bandung, on June 2006 - April 2007. The aim of this study was to analyse the ergosterol content in the dry biomass of Rhizopus and in the soybean tempe obtained. Five UICC Rhizopus strain respectively UICC 52 (Rh. arrhizus), UICC 128 (Rh. oryzae), UICC 531 (Rh. microsporus var. microsporus), UICC 550 (Rh. microsporus var. oligosporus), and UICC 551 (Rh. microporus var. oligosporus); and to know the potency of ergosterol to decrease the blood lipid level in rats which were fed with the respective biomass of the five Rhizopus spp. and compared with the rats fed with the soybean tempe using the five mentioned Rhizopus spp. as inoculum the respective fermentation processes. The rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) were obtained from the Laboratory of Animal Drug Testing, Gunung Sindur, Bogor. The rats were males and 2 - 3 months old. Analysis of the ergosterol content was carried out using HPLC. The Diagnostic Liquicolour Cholesteroloxidase 4-aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method was used for the measurement of blood total cholesterol level, and Gliserophosphoxidase Paraaminophenazone (GPO-PAP) for measurement of triglyceride level of the rats. Soybean tempe was prepared using an inoculum of each Rhizopus strain, and then powdered. The rats were given palm oil orally during 7 days to boost up the blood lipid level. Then they were fed with the fungal biomass or with the soybean tempe powder. The results obtained were : the ergosterol content in the dry biomass of the five UICC Rhizopus spp. studied varied between (278,8 - 673,17) mg/g, while in the soybean tempe (3,3 - 8,1) mg/g. Both were able to decrease the blood lipid level in rats. However, soybean tempe gave a higher decrease (58 %) in comparison with the results of the dry biomass of the Rhizopus spp. (51.6 %).

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini memaparkan penelitian terkait optimasi parameter kultivasi dari Spirulina sp. dengan melakukan pengaturan jenis medium dan pengaturan pencahayaan terang-gelap. Fikosianin merupakan suatu pigmen fotosintetik yang banyak diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari – hari. Dengan semakin tingginya permintaan fikosianin, maka salah satu langkah pemenuhan tersebut adalah dengan perlu dilakukannya kultivasi mikroalga Spirulina sp. dengan mengoptimalkan parameter kultivasi yang mana dalam hal ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengaturan jenis medium dan pencahayaan terang-gelap untuk mendapatkan hasil biomassa dan konsentrasi fikosianin yang optimal. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan kultivasi dengan 2 (dua) variasi yang berbeda, dimana yang pertama adalah perbedaan medium, yang mana dilakukan dengan 2 (dua) jenis medium berbeda yakni walne dan zarouk. Hasil biomassa tertinggi dimiliki oleh kultur dengan medium zarouk sedangkan untuk konsentrasi fikosianin kedua medium hasilnya secara berturut–turut adalah 0,045±0,00021 mg/mL dan 0,016±0,00453 mg/mL. Selanjutnya, variasi kedua berupa pengaturan pencahayaan terang-gelap dengan kontrol pencahayaan konstan, pencahayaan siang malam, variasi 16 jam terang-8 jam gelap, 18 jam terang-6 jam gelap, dan 20 jam terang-4 jam gelap. Masing–masing hasil kultivasi kemudian diekstraksi dengan sonikasi untuk menentukan kadar fikosianin. Dari hasil yang didapatkan, pencahayaan kontrol konstan (24 jam terang – 0 jam gelap) menjadi penghasil biomassa terbesar sedangkan pencahayaan kontrol siang malam (9 jam terang – 15 jam gelap) memiliki konsentrasi fikosianin terbesar sebanyak 0,027 ± 0,00071 mg/mL. ......This undergradate thesis proposal reports the research about optimization cultivation experiments of Spirulina sp. by using different cultivation mediums and photoperiodic (light-dark illumination) adjusment. Phycocyanin is a photosyntetic pigments that has a lot of daily applications. One of the solution to solve the increasing of phycocyanin demand is by adjusting different cultivation mediums and light-dark illumination to obtain the optimum biomass and phycocyanin content. In this experiment, writer used 2 (two) different variations, the first variation was the medium. Writer used 2 (two) different cultivation mediums namely walne and zarouk. The highest biomass was obtained from zarrouk culture while the phycocyanin content consecutive results was 0,045±0,00021 mg/mL dan 0,016±0,00453 mg/mL. The second variation was about photoperiodic (light-dark ilumination) adjusment that consist of constant lighting, day and night lighting, 16 hours light – 8 hourd dark, 18 hours light – 6 hours dark, and 20 hours light – and 4 hours dark variation. Each cultivation sample then extracted by sonication method to determine the biomass and phycocyanin content. From the results taken, constant lighting had the highest biomass content and the control day and night lighting had the highest phycocyanin content around 0,027 ± 0,00071 mg/mL.