Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Di Indonesia asas iktikad baik diatur dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUH Perdata. Iktikad baik yang diatur dalam ketentuan tersebut terbatas hanya meliputi tahap pelaksanaan perjanjian saja. Berbeda dengan Indonesia, beberapa negara penganut sistem civil law telah mengakui iktikad baik pada tahap negosiasi atau pra-kontrak, sehingga janji-janji pra-kontrak diakui dan jika dilanggar menimbulkan akibat hukum. Karena belum ada perjanjian yang mengikat maka gugatan yang diajukan untuk memperoleh ganti rugi dianggap sebagai Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH). Dengan konsep yang sama, di dalam sistem common law khususnya di Amerika Serikat, muncul doktrin promissory estoppel yang berakibat bahwa meskipun belum ada consideration namun janji-janji dapat mengikat. Adapun yang menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan asas iktikad baik pada tahap pra-kontrak di Indonesia melalui putusan pengadilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach), perbandingan (comparative approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sampai saat ini belum ada pengaturan yang khusus mengatur penerapan asas iktikad baik pada tahap pra-kontrak. Namun demikian, berdasarkan putusan-putusan di pengadilan negeri yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Hakim telah mengakui adanya keharusan beriktikad baik pada tahap pra-kontrak oleh para pihak. ......In Indonesia, good faith principle set in article 1338 subsection (3) on the Indonesian Civil Code. The implementation of good faith principle set out from this article is limited only to the contractual phase. In contrast to Indonesia, some civil law countries have recognized the principle of good faith on the phase of negotiations or pre-contractual phase, so the promises of the pre-contract is recognized and lead to legal consequences if its broken. Since there is no binding agreement on the pre-contractual phase, therefore to the injured party in this phase can sue for reliance damages based on tort. Based on the same concept, in the common law system, particularly in US the promissory estoppel doctrine has the effect of making some kinds of promise binding even where they are not supported by consideration. This research aims to determine how the implementation of good faith principle on the pre-contractual phase in Indonesia through court orders. It is a judicial-normative research, with statute, case and comparative approach. In this research, author concluded that til nowadays there is no regulation that specifically regulates the application of good faith principle on the pre-contractual phase. Moreover, based on court orders which analyzed in this research, note that the Judge has recognizes the necessity of good faith at the pre-contractual phase by the parties. ;In Indonesia, good faith principle set in article 1338 subsection (3) on the Indonesian Civil Code. The implementation of good faith principle set out from this article is limited only to the contractual phase. In contrast to Indonesia, some civil law countries have recognized the principle of good faith on the phase of negotiations or pre-contractual phase, so the promises of the pre-contract is recognized and lead to legal consequences if its broken. Since there is no binding agreement on the pre-contractual phase, therefore to the injured party in this phase can sue for reliance damages based on tort. Based on the same concept, in the common law system, particularly in US the promissory estoppel doctrine has the effect of making some kinds of promise binding even where they are not supported by consideration. This research aims to determine how the implementation of good faith principle on the pre-contractual phase in Indonesia through court orders. It is a judicial-normative research, with statute, case and comparative approach. In this research, author concluded that til nowadays there is no regulation that specifically regulates the application of good faith principle on the pre-contractual phase. Moreover, based on court orders which analyzed in this research, note that the Judge has recognizes the necessity of good faith at the pre-contractual phase by the parties.

Abstrak :
Di Indonesia asas itikad baik hanya diatur dalam tahap pelaksanaan perjanjian. Namun, permasalahan yang timbul akibat salah satu pihak tidak beritikad baik kerap kali muncul pada tahap prakontrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan penerapan asas itikad baik pada tahap prakontrak di Indonesia dan Prancis dengan doktrin promissory estoppel di Malaysia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan metode perbandingan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dengan teknik studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa di Indonesia asas itikad baik masih didasarkan pada teori klasik hukum kontrak yang membatasi ruang lingkup itikad baik hanya sebatas pada saat pelaksanaan perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUHPerdata. Sedangkan di Prancis sudah mengikuti teori hukum kontrak modern yang mengatur penerapan asas itikad baik sejak tahap prakontrak sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1112 Civil Code Prancis 2016. Sedangkan di Malaysia, sebagai negara yang menganut sistem hukum common law, perjanjian prakontrak dilindungi oleh doktrin promissory estoppel melalui resepsi hukum Inggris yang diatur dalam Pasal 3 ayat (1) Civil Law Act 1956. ......In Indonesia the principle of good faith is only regulated in the implementation stage of the agreement. However, problems arising from one of the parties having bad intentions often arise at the pre-contract stage. This paper aims to compare the application of the principle of good faith at the pre-contract stage in Indonesia and France with the promissory estoppel doctrine in Malaysia. This research is a juridical-normative research using comparative law method. This research uses secondary data types that were collected using literature study techniques and analyzed qualitatively. Based on the research conducted, it is known that in Indonesia the principle of good faith is still based on the classical theory of contract law which limits the scope of good faith only at the time of execution of the agreement as stipulated in Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code. Whereas in France it has followed modern contract law theory which regulates the application of the principle of good faith since the pre-contract stage as stipulated in Article 1112 of the 2016 French Civil Code. Meanwhile in Malaysia, as a country that adheres to the common law legal system, pre-contract agreements are protected by the promissory estoppel doctrine through receptions of English law regulated in Article 3 paragraph (1) of the Civil Law Act 1956.