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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Disertasi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dinamika yang berlangsung antara agen dan struktur dalam masyarakat nelayan di Desa Teluk, Labuan-Banten. Dengan menggunakan teori strukturasi Anthony Giddens dan dilengkapi dengan konsep pembangunan sosial berdasarkan struktur, kultur, dan proses, dalam melihat dinamika relasi yang ada antara agen dan stuktur dalam masyarakat nelayan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan strategi grounded research. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam masyarakat nelayan telah terjadi perubahan dalam struktur dari dominasi kelembagaan formal menjadi dominasi kelembagaan non-formal. Kemiskinan yang ada pada struktur yang lama ternyata direproduksi oleh struktur yang baru. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kelemahan dari strukturasi Giddens yang menganggap bahwa struktur dalam versi dualitas-nya, baik sebagai hasil dan sekaligus sarana (medium) praktik sosial ternyata tidak selalu bersifat enabling atau memberdayakan. Pembangunan kelautan dan perikanan, khususnya menyangkut tentang bagaimana mengatasi kemiskinan masyarakat nelayan harus melihat pentingnya dinamika relasi yang terjadi antara agen dan struktur agar perubahan yang dilakukan oleh negara, dalam hal ini Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, tidak justru melahirkan kemiskinan baru.

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ABSTRACT
This dissertation aims to describe the dynamics that take place between the agent and the structure of the fishing community in Teluk Village, Labuan, Banten. By using structuration theory of Anthony Giddens and equipped with the concept of social development based on the structure, culture, and processes, in view of the dynamics of relationships that exist between agents and structures in the fishing communities. The approach used in this study is a qualitative grounded research strategy. The results of this study indicate that in the fishing community has been a change in the structure of the formal institutional domination domination of non-formal institutions. Poverty that exist on the old structures turned out to be reproduced by the new structure. The study also found weaknesses of Giddens structuration which assume that the structure in its duality version, either as a result and at the same time means (medium) social practices were not always be enabling or empowering. Development of marine and fisheries, particularly with regard to how to overcome poverty of fishing communities must see the importance of the dynamics of relationships that occur between agents and structures so that the changes made by the state, in this case the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, did not actually give birth to new poverty.;This dissertation aims to describe the dynamics that take place between the agent and the structure of the fishing community in Teluk Village, Labuan, Banten. By using structuration theory of Anthony Giddens and equipped with the concept of social development based on the structure, culture, and processes, in view of the dynamics of relationships that exist between agents and structures in the fishing communities. The approach used in this study is a qualitative grounded research strategy. The results of this study indicate that in the fishing community has been a change in the structure of the formal institutional domination domination of non-formal institutions. Poverty that exist on the old structures turned out to be reproduced by the new structure. The study also found weaknesses of Giddens structuration which assume that the structure in its duality version, either as a result and at the same time means (medium) social practices were not always be enabling or empowering. Development of marine and fisheries, particularly with regard to how to overcome poverty of fishing communities must see the importance of the dynamics of relationships that occur between agents and structures so that the changes made by the state, in this case the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, did not actually give birth to new poverty.;This dissertation aims to describe the dynamics that take place between the agent and the structure of the fishing community in Teluk Village, Labuan, Banten. By using structuration theory of Anthony Giddens and equipped with the concept of social development based on the structure, culture, and processes, in view of the dynamics of relationships that exist between agents and structures in the fishing communities. The approach used in this study is a qualitative grounded research strategy. The results of this study indicate that in the fishing community has been a change in the structure of the formal institutional domination domination of non-formal institutions. Poverty that exist on the old structures turned out to be reproduced by the new structure. The study also found weaknesses of Giddens structuration which assume that the structure in its duality version, either as a result and at the same time means (medium) social practices were not always be enabling or empowering. Development of marine and fisheries, particularly with regard to how to overcome poverty of fishing communities must see the importance of the dynamics of relationships that occur between agents and structures so that the changes made by the state, in this case the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, did not actually give birth to new poverty., This dissertation aims to describe the dynamics that take place between the agent and the structure of the fishing community in Teluk Village, Labuan, Banten. By using structuration theory of Anthony Giddens and equipped with the concept of social development based on the structure, culture, and processes, in view of the dynamics of relationships that exist between agents and structures in the fishing communities. The approach used in this study is a qualitative grounded research strategy. The results of this study indicate that in the fishing community has been a change in the structure of the formal institutional domination domination of non-formal institutions. Poverty that exist on the old structures turned out to be reproduced by the new structure. The study also found weaknesses of Giddens structuration which assume that the structure in its duality version, either as a result and at the same time means (medium) social practices were not always be enabling or empowering. Development of marine and fisheries, particularly with regard to how to overcome poverty of fishing communities must see the importance of the dynamics of relationships that occur between agents and structures so that the changes made by the state, in this case the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, did not actually give birth to new poverty.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tantangan utama di dalam mengatasi masalah kemiskinan apabila dikaitkan dengan tenaga kerja adalah tingginya prevalensi pekerja di sektor informal. Kondisi pasar kerja di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar angkatan kerja merupakan pekerja informal yaitu mencapai 58,35 persen dengan tingkat pendidikan yang masih rendah. Salah satu poin kunci mengatasi kemiskinan jika dikaitkan dengan tenaga kerja adalah melakukan transisi ekonomi dari informal menjadi formal. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pendidikan terhadap pindah pekerjaan dari pekerja informal menjadi pekerja formal (informal turnover) serta pengaruh perpindahan tersebut terhadap dinamika kemiskinan di Indonesia berdasarkan data Susenas Panel 2011-2013.

Hasil analisis model regresi logistik ordinal menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecenderungan untuk melakukan pindah pekerjaan dari pekerja informal menjadi pekerja formal. Selain pendidikan, jenis kelamin dan umur juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecenderungan untuk melakukan pindah pekerjaan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa semakin besar kecenderungan untuk melakukan pindah pekerjaan dari pekerja informal menjadi pekerja formal maka peluang untuk mengalami kemiskinan sementara maupun kemiskinan kronis (selalu miskin) akan semakin berkurang.

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ABSTRACT
A significant challenge in addressing poverty when it is associated with labor is the high prevalence of workers in the informal sector. The labor market conditions in Indonesia in 2017 show that most of the labor force is informal workers that reach 58.35 percent with low education level. One of the key points to tackle poverty if linked to labor is transition from informal to formal. So this study aims to see the effect of education on the mobility of employment from informal workers to formal workers (informal turnover) as well as the effect of these movements on the poverty dynamics in Indonesia based on Susenas Panel data 2011-2013.

The results of ordered logit regression model analysis show that education has a significant effect on the tendency to move from informal workers to formal workers. In addition to education, gender and age also have a substantial impact on the propensity to do job mobility. The study also found that the higher tendency to switch jobs from informal workers to formal workers, the chances of experiencing transient poverty and chronic (always poor) poverty will diminish.

Abstrak :
Masalah kesehatan mental merupakan tantangan dalam proses mencapai tujuan pembangunan di bidang kesehatan. Penelitian sebelumnya telah membuktikan bahwa kemiskinan akan merugikan kesehatan mental namun sebagian besar penelitian hanya berfokus pada kejadian kemiskinan. Padahal kemiskinan merupakan fenomena yang dinamis dan kedalaman kemiskinan antar individu berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu, dengan menggunakan data dari IFLS 4 dan 5, penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kedalaman dan dinamika kemiskinan terhadap gejala depresi (CES-D) di Indonesia. Hasil dari model Poisson menemukan bahwa individu yang miskin kronis mengalami gejala depresi lebih banyak daripada mereka yang tidak pernah miskin, bertransisi dari tidak miskin menjadi miskin, dan miskin ke tidak miskin. Walaupun bukan miskin kronis, apabila individu tersebut memiliki riwayat gejala depresi, maka akan meningkatkan kemungkinan menderita gejala di masa depan. Untuk kedalaman kemiskinan, individu yang pernah miskin ekstrim akan memiliki skor CES-D yang lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang miskin tidak ekstim. Sedangkan kedalaman kemiskinan saat ini tidak signifikan. Dengan demikian, dibandingkan dengan kedalaman kemiskinan, dinamika kemiskinan lebih konsisten dalam mempengaruhi gejala depresi yang menunjukkan kesehatan mental merespon kemiskinan dalam jangka panjang dibandingkan jangka pendek. ......Mental health problems are challenges in the process of achieving development goals in the health sector. Previous studies have proven that poverty will harm mental health but most of these studies only focused on the incidence of poverty. Whereas poverty is a dynamic phenomenon and the depth of poverty between individuals is different. Therefore, using data from IFLS 4 and 5 this study examined the effect of depth and dynamic poverty on depression symptoms (CES- D) in Indonesia. The result from the Poisson model found that chronically poor individuals experienced more depressive symptoms than those who were never poor and transiently poor (poor-non poor and non-poor-poor). Although not chronically poor, individuals who have a history of depressive symptoms are more likely to have depressive symptoms in the future. As for the depth of poverty, extremely poor individuals will have higher CES-D scores than those who are not extreme poor. Meanwhile, the current depth of poverty is not significant. Thus, compared to the current depth of poverty, the dynamics of poverty are more consistent in influencing depressive symptoms which indicate mental health responds to poverty in the long term than in the short term.

Abstrak :
Kemiskinan merupakan kondisi yang dinamis dan multidimensi. Pengukuran kemiskinan secara umum menggunakan pendekatan konsumsi atau pendapatan tidak cukup untuk menjelaskan berbagai deprivasi yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat miskin. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi di Indonesia dan menegaskan kondisi kemiskinan multidimensional di Indonesia secara dinamis. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pengkuruan kemiskinan multidimensi Alkire dan Foster dan memanfaatkan Survei IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) 1993-2014. Studi ini menemukan sekitar 43% penduduk yang dikategorikan miskin secara multidimensional dan 31% mengalami kemiskinan kronis. Penelitian ini menemukan kematian anak dan bayi, kondisi kesehatan, sistem pembuangan sampah, sistem pembuangan kotoran, buta huruf dewasa, dan asuransi kesehatan masih menjadi isu pada setiap periode IFLS. Selain itu, hasil ekonometrika menunjukkan pendorong mobilitas kemiskinan multidimensi ialah pencapaian pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, tinggal diperkotaan, dan tinggal di pulau Jawa-Bali. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang diperlukan dalam penanganan kemiskinan ialah kebijakan peningkatan pendidikan, pembangunan berkelanjutan pada desa, dan penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap indikator-indikator yang mengalami pertumbuhan buruk. ......Poverty is a dynamic and multidimensional condition. Measuring poverty, in general, using the consumption or income approach is not sufficient to explain the various deprivations faced by the poor. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the measurement of multidimensional poverty in Indonesia and emphasize the dynamic condition of multidimensional poverty in Indonesia. This research method uses multidimensional Alkire and Foster measurement and utilizes the 1993-2014 IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) Survey. This study found about 43% of the population are categorized as multidimensional poor and 31% experience chronic poverty. This study also found that child and infant mortality, health conditions, waste disposal systems, sewage systems, adult illiteracy, and health insurance were still issues in each IFLS period. In addition, econometric results show that the drivers of multidimensional poverty mobility are the educational attainment of the head of the household, living in urban areas, and living on the island of Java-Bali. These findings indicate that the strategies needed in poverty alleviation are policies to improve education, sustainable development in villages, and further research on indicators that experience poor growth.