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Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Health, 2012
617.550 75 KAW d
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mandala, Vincenzo, editor
Abstrak :
This is the first time a book about laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery has been published. Numerous articles have been published in specific surgical journals, but, until now, there has not been a book that collates all the aspects of this little-known field. The aim of this volume is to achieve a complete and easy presentation of all the implications associated with laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery. The book should be a manual that can be easily consulted by digestive, general, and specialized surgeons, especially in an emergency. The authors’ contributions are founded on evidence-based medicine, which give the book scientific credibility, but this is coupled with their experience of daily practice, which adds an important complementary dimension to evidence-based medicine. This is balanced by an emphasis on clarity and accessibility, because the ultimate aim of the book is educational.
Milan: Springer, 2012
e20425921
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hardi Julendra
Abstrak :

Studi Efektivitas Konsorsium Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Khamir Isolat Lokal dengan Penambahan Oligosakarida dalam Mendukung Sistem Pencernaan dan Performa Ayam Pedaging

H. Julendraa,b, Abinawantoa*, Yasmana , A.Sofyanb

a. Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Lingkar Kampus Raya, Depok, Jawa Barat 16424. Indonesia

b. Research Group of Bio-Feed Additive Technology, Research Division for Natural Product Technology- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (BPTBA-LIPI), Jl. Jogja-Wonosari Km. 31.5 Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, D.I. Yogyakarta 55861. Indonesia.

*Corresponding author: abinawanto.ms@sci.ui.ac.id

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas konsorsium Lactobacillus plantarum AKK-30 dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae B-18 dalam mendukung sistem pencernaan dan kinerja ayam pedaging. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah konsorsium L. plantarum AKK-30 dan S. cerevisiae B-18 serta oligosakarida dapat mengoptimalkan kondisi saluran pencernaan ayam broiler dengan mengurangi bakteri patogen dan memperbaiki mikrostruktur usus sehingga mempengaruhi pencernaan, imunitas dan performa ayam broiler. Penelitian dimulai dari Bulan Maret 2018 hingga Desember 2019, yang terdiri dari tiga tahap penelitian. Penelitian pertama, analisis in vitro dari L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu / g) yang ditambahkan inulin dan MOS terhadap aktivitas antibakteri, kepadatan optik, konsentrasi asam laktat, pH, aktivitas perlekatan di mukosa usus, menggunakan rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor (A = inulin dan MOS, B =. oligosakarida: 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0% b / v) dengan 3 ulangan. Penelitian kedua, uji kecernaan (energi yang dapat dimetabolisme dan retensi nitrogen) serta morfologi usus (tinggi vili usus) terhadap L. plantarum AKK-30 dengan penambahan inulin dan MOS menggunakan dua puluh empat ekor ayam jantan berumur 40 hari dari Cobb (berat rata-rata 1725 ± 50 g). Percobaan disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan sebagai berikut (A) MRSB + L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu / g); B) MRSB + inulin 0,5% (b / v); C) MRSB + MOS 0,5% (b / v); D) L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu / g) + MRSB + inulin 0,5% (b / v); dan E) L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu / g) + MRSB + MOS 0,5% (b / v). Penelitian yang sama juga dilakukan terhadap konsorsium (L. plantarum AKK-30 dan S. cerevisiae B-18 serta inulin) menggunakan tiga puluh ekor ayam jantan berumur 32 hari dari Lohmann MB 202 (berat rata-rata 1450 ± 50 g) dengan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan sebagai berikut tanpa inulin (A), konsorsium dengan 0,5% inulin (B), konsorsium dengan 1,0% inulin (C), konsorsium dengan 1,5% inulin (D), dan probiotik komersial (E). Penelitian ketiga mengevaluasi penggunaan konsorsium (L. plantarum AKK-30 dan S. cerevisiae B-18 serta inulin) terhadap indeks performa,dan histopatologi jaringan tubuh ayam. Penelitian menggunakan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan seperti berikut tanpa inulin (A), konsorsium dengan 0,5% inulin (B), konsorsium dengan 1,0% inulin (C), konsorsium dengan 1,5% inulin (D), dan probiotik komersial (E). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 275 anak ayam jantan berumur sehari dari Lohmann MB 202 dan dirawat selama 32 hari di kandang Closed House. Data dievaluasi menggunakan ANOVA dan jika ditemukan perbedaan (p <0,05) antara perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan uji post hoc Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa L. plantarum AKK-30 dengan penambahan inulin 0,5% dan 0,5% MOS mempengaruhi pertumbuhan L. plantarum AKK-30 dan perlekatan bakteri di mukosa usus tanpa mempengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri. Penambahan 0,5% inulin dan 0,5% MOS lebih tinggi (p <0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan lain untuk energi metabolisme (EM), retensi nitrogen (RN) dan tinggi vili usus (TVU) pada ayam. Indeks performa, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan dalam konsorsium dengan penambahan inulin 0,5 dan 1,0% lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lain. Semua perlakuan konsorsium tidak menunjukkan perbedaan terhadap profil histopatologis dan organ imun ayam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan L. plantarum AKK 30 dan S cerevisiae B-18 dengan inulin 0,5 dan 1,0% (b / v) dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif antibiotic growth promoters untuk ayam pedaging.

Kata kunci: Bakteri asam laktat, Khamir, Performa Ayam, Sistem pencernaan

......

The research was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of Lactobacillus plantarum AKK-30 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae B-18 consortium for supporting digestion system and performance of broilers. The proposed hypothesis is the consortium of L. plantarum AKK-30, S. cerevisiae B-18 and oligosaccharides can optimize the condition of the digestive tract of broiler chickens by reducing pathogenic bacteria, improve the intestinal microstructure that it affects digestion, immunity and performance of broiler chickens. This study had been carried out from March 2018 to December 2019, consisting of the stage of research. First study, in vitro analysis of antibacterial activity, optical density, lactic acid concentration, pH, adhesion activity in the intestinal mucosa of L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu / g) added inulin and MOS, used factorial design with two factors (A=inulin and MOS, B=. oligosaccharides: 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% w / v) with 3 replications. Second study, digestibility assays (metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention) and intestinal morphology (intestinal villi height) of L. plantarum AKK-30 with inulin and MOS addition and using twenty-four 40-day-old male from Cobb (average weight 1725 ± 50 g). The experiment was arranged on randomized block design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications as follows (A) MRSB + L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu/g); B) MRSB + inulin 0,5% (w /v); C) MRSB + MOS 0,5% (w /v); D) L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu/g) + MRSB + inulin 0,5% (w /v); dan E) L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu/g) + MRSB + MOS 0,5% (w /v). The same analysis of the consortium (L. plantarum AKK-30 and S. cerevisiae B-18 with levels of inulin) using thirty 32-day-old male from Lohmann MB 202 (average weight 1450 ± 50 g). The experiment used five treatments and five replications follows without inulin (A), consortium with 0.5% of inulin (B), consortium with 1.0% of inulin (C), consortium with 1.5% of inulin (D), and commercial probiotic (E). Third study, evaluation of consortium (L. plantarum AKK-30 and S. cerevisiae B-18 with levels of inulin) used five treatments and five replications follows without inulin (A), consortium with 0.5% of inulin (B), consortium with 1.0% of inulin (C), consortium with 1.5% of inulin (D), and commercial probiotic (E). This study used thirty 32-day-old male from Lohmann MB 202 (average weight 1450 ± 50 g). Parameters of the feeding trial in the third study was performance index, and histopathology of immune organs. Experiment of the third study was designed in a randomized block design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications as follows without inulin (A), consortium with 0.5% of inulin (B), consortium with 1.0% of inulin (C), consortium with 1.5% of inulin (D), and commercial probiotic (E). This study used 275 male day-old chick from Lohmann MB 202 and treated for 32 days in a closed house. Data were evaluated using ANOVA and the difference (p<0.05) among mean treatment was analyzed using Duncan post hoc test. The results showed that L. plantarum AKK-30 with the addition of 0.5% inulin and 0.5% MOS influenced the growth of L. plantarum AKK-30 and bacterial adhesions in the intestinal mucosa without affecting the antibacterial activity. Addition of 0.5% inulin and 0.5% MOS was higher (p <0.05) than other treatments for metabolizable energy (ME), nitrogen retention (NR) and intestinal villi height in chickens. Performance index, weight gain, and feed efficiency in the consortium with the addition of inulin 0.5 and 1.0% were higher than these in other treatments. All consortia showed no differences in the histopathological profile of chicken immune organs. It is concluded that use of L. plantarum AKK 30, S cerevisiae B-18 with 0.5 and 1.0% inulin (w/v) as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for broiler chickens.

Keywords: Broiler Performance, Digestive System, Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast.

Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Siti Muthoharoh
Abstrak :
Latar belakang Gagal tumbuh atau failure to thrive adalah kondisi keterlambatan pertumbuhan fisik pada anak, dimana terjadi kegagalan penambahan berat badan yang sesuai dengan grafik pertumbuhan normal, dibandingkan dengan tinggi badan. Beberapa kondisi menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan pertumbuhan terutama pada neonatus. Studi ini memberikan gambaran penerapan Model Adaptasi Roy dalam asuhan keperawatan pada lima kasus neonatus dengan risiko gangguan pertumbuhan. Presentasi kasus Kasus 1 neonatus laki-laki, dengan extremely preterm usia gestasi 27 minggu, berat badan lahir 870 gram, neonatus kurang bulan kecil masa kehamilan (NKB-KMK), RDS, TTN, septikemia, tersangka SNAD, neonatal jaundice, terpasang ventilator mode high frequency oscilation (HFO), terpasang orogastric (OGT), diet ASI 12x1 ml, TPN PG 2 dengan GIR 4,7, kebutuhan kalori kurang dari target, interpretasi kurva Fenton dibawah persentil 50, berat badan menurun, usia enam hari 860 gram. Kasus 2 perempuan, extremely preterm usia gestasi 26 minggu, berat badan lahir 744 gram, NKB-KMK, RDS, tersangka SNAD, PDA, neonatal jaundice. Terpasang ventilator, sementara puasa, grafik Fenton berada dibawah persentil 50, kebutuhan kalori kurang dari target. Kasus 3 dan 4 neonatus berjenis kelamin perempuan, lahir dengan extremely preterm dan very preterm, terpasang ventilator, kebutuhan kalori kurang dari target, sementara dipuasakan karena kondisi belum stabil. Kasus 5 perempuan, usia gestasi 37 minggu, BBL 2610 gram, berat badan saat dikaji 2340 gram. Diagnosis medis gastroschizis post tutup defek hari ke 27, terpasang non invasif ventilasi, sementara puasa produksi OGT kehijauan, BB/PB berada di -3SD s/d <-2 SD (gizi kurang). Evaluasi respons adaptif dari kelima pasien didapatkan kebutuhan kalori terpenuhi sesuai target. Kesimpulan Hasil pengkajian perilaku dan stimulus mode fisiologis-fisik kelima kasus didapatkan empat kasus berisiko mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dari kondisi neonatus lahir prematur, terpasang ventilator, penundaan pemberian makan karena kondisi klinis, risiko infeksi/sepsis serta kondisi medis lain yang mempengaruhi. Satu neonatus aterm gagal tumbuh karena gastroschizis post tutup defek, dengan produksi OGT kehijauan. Nutrisi optimal baik enteral maupun parenteral diperlukan pada kondisi neonatus tersebut untuk meningkatkan respons adaptif. ...... Background Failure to thrive or failure to thrive is a condition of delayed physical growth in children, in which there is a failure to gain weight according to the normal growth chart, compared to height. Several conditions are risk factors for growth disorders, especially in neonates. This study provides an overview of the application of the Roy Adaptation Model in nursing care to five cases of neonates with a risk of growth retardation. Case presentation Case 1 male neonate, with extremely preterm gestational age 27 weeks, birth weight 870 gram, small preterm neonate for gestational age (NKB-KMK), RDS, TTN, septicemia, TSK SNAD, neonatal jaundice, put on ventilator mode high frequency oscillation (HFO), installed orogastric (OGT), diet ASI 12x1 ml, TPN PG 2 with GIR 4.7, caloric requirement less than target, interpretation of Fenton curve below 50th percentile, decreased body weight, age six days 860 gram. Cases of 2 women, extremely preterm, gestational age 26 weeks, birth weight 744 grams, NKB-KMK, RDS, suspected SNAD, PDA, neonatal jaundice. Installed on a ventilator, while fasting, the Fenton chart is below the 50th percentile, calorie needs are less than the target. Cases 3 and 4 female baby were born extremely preterm and very preterm, were attached to a ventilator, their caloric needs were less than the target, while they were fasted because their condition was not yet stable. Case 5 female, gestational age 37 weeks, BBL 2610 grams, body weight when studied 2340 grams. Medical diagnosis of gastroschizis post closed defect on day 27, installed non-invasive ventilation, while fasting green OGT production, BB/PB was in -3SD to <-2 SD (malnutrition). Evaluation of the adaptive response of the five patients found that the calorie needs were fulfilled according to the target. Conclusion The results of the assessment of the behavior and stimulus of the physiological-physical mode of five cases found that four cases were at risk of experiencing growth retardation from the condition of the neonate born prematurely, being placed on a ventilator, delaying feeding due to clinical conditions, risk of infection/sepsis and other affecting medical conditions. One term neonate failed to thrive because of a closed post gastroschizis defect, with greenish OGT production. Optimal nutrition, both enteral and parenteral, is needed in these neonatal conditions to increase adaptive responses.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Siti Muthoharoh
Abstrak :
Latar belakang Gagal tumbuh atau failure to thrive adalah kondisi keterlambatan pertumbuhan fisik pada anak, dimana terjadi kegagalan penambahan berat badan yang sesuai dengan grafik pertumbuhan normal, dibandingkan dengan tinggi badan. Beberapa kondisi menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan pertumbuhan terutama pada neonatus. Studi ini memberikan gambaran penerapan Model Adaptasi Roy dalam asuhan keperawatan pada lima kasus neonatus dengan risiko gangguan pertumbuhan. Presentasi kasus Kasus 1 neonatus laki-laki, dengan extremely preterm usia gestasi 27 minggu, berat badan lahir 870 gram, neonatus kurang bulan kecil masa kehamilan (NKB-KMK), RDS, TTN, septikemia, tersangka SNAD, neonatal jaundice, terpasang ventilator mode high frequency oscilation (HFO), terpasang orogastric (OGT), diet ASI 12x1 ml, TPN PG 2 dengan GIR 4,7, kebutuhan kalori kurang dari target, interpretasi kurva Fenton dibawah persentil 50, berat badan menurun, usia enam hari 860 gram. Kasus 2 perempuan, extremely preterm usia gestasi 26 minggu, berat badan lahir 744 gram, NKB-KMK, RDS, tersangka SNAD, PDA, neonatal jaundice. Terpasang ventilator, sementara puasa, grafik Fenton berada dibawah persentil 50, kebutuhan kalori kurang dari target. Kasus 3 dan 4 neonatus berjenis kelamin perempuan, lahir dengan extremely preterm dan very preterm, terpasang ventilator, kebutuhan kalori kurang dari target, sementara dipuasakan karena kondisi belum stabil. Kasus 5 perempuan, usia gestasi 37 minggu, BBL 2610 gram, berat badan saat dikaji 2340 gram. Diagnosis medis gastroschizis post tutup defek hari ke 27, terpasang non invasif ventilasi, sementara puasa produksi OGT kehijauan, BB/PB berada di -3SD s/d <-2 SD (gizi kurang). Evaluasi respons adaptif dari kelima pasien didapatkan kebutuhan kalori terpenuhi sesuai target. Kesimpulan Hasil pengkajian perilaku dan stimulus mode fisiologis-fisik kelima kasus didapatkan empat kasus berisiko mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dari kondisi neonatus lahir prematur, terpasang ventilator, penundaan pemberian makan karena kondisi klinis, risiko infeksi/sepsis serta kondisi medis lain yang mempengaruhi. Satu neonatus aterm gagal tumbuh karena gastroschizis post tutup defek, dengan produksi OGT kehijauan. Nutrisi optimal baik enteral maupun parenteral diperlukan pada kondisi neonatus tersebut untuk meningkatkan respons adaptif. ......Background Failure to thrive or failure to thrive is a condition of delayed physical growth in children, in which there is a failure to gain weight according to the normal growth chart, compared to height. Several conditions are risk factors for growth disorders, especially in neonates. This study provides an overview of the application of the Roy Adaptation Model in nursing care to five cases of neonates with a risk of growth retardation. Case presentation Case 1 male neonate, with extremely preterm gestational age 27 weeks, birth weight 870 gram, small preterm neonate for gestational age (NKB-KMK), RDS, TTN, septicemia, TSK SNAD, neonatal jaundice, put on ventilator mode high frequency oscillation (HFO), installed orogastric (OGT), diet ASI 12x1 ml, TPN PG 2 with GIR 4.7, caloric requirement less than target, interpretation of Fenton curve below 50th percentile, decreased body weight, age six days 860 gram. Cases of 2 women, extremely preterm, gestational age 26 weeks, birth weight 744 grams, NKB-KMK, RDS, suspected SNAD, PDA, neonatal jaundice. Installed on a ventilator, while fasting, the Fenton chart is below the 50th percentile, calorie needs are less than the target. Cases 3 and 4 female baby were born extremely preterm and very preterm, were attached to a ventilator, their caloric needs were less than the target, while they were fasted because their condition was not yet stable. Case 5 female, gestational age 37 weeks, BBL 2610 grams, body weight when studied 2340 grams. Medical diagnosis of gastroschizis post closed defect on day 27, installed non-invasive ventilation, while fasting green OGT production, BB/PB was in -3SD to <-2 SD (malnutrition). Evaluation of the adaptive response of the five patients found that the calorie needs were fulfilled according to the target. Conclusion The results of the assessment of the behavior and stimulus of the physiological-physical mode of five cases found that four cases were at risk of experiencing growth retardation from the condition of the neonate born prematurely, being placed on a ventilator, delaying feeding due to clinical conditions, risk of infection/sepsis and other affecting medical conditions. One term neonate failed to thrive because of a closed post gastroschizis defect, with greenish OGT production. Optimal nutrition, both enteral and parenteral, is needed in these neonatal conditions to increase adaptive responses.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library