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"Kejadian kanker kolon mayoritas terjadi secara sporadik. Berbagai faktor non-inherited yang dipikirkan sebagai penyebab kanker kolon merupakan kombinasi antara faktor diet dan lingkungan. Kedua faktor ini menyebabkan mutasi somatik pada berbagai gen spesifik dalam pembentukan kanker kolon. Di antara berbagai faktor, butirat (dibentuk dalam proses fermentasi fiber) mungkin mempunyai peranan yang penting sebagai zat kemoprotektif terhadap kanker kolon. Sumber butirat dalam makanan sehari-hari berasal dari makanan yang mengandung kulit gandum. Pada tingkat molekuler, butirat menyebabkan asetilasi histon, meningkatkan diferensiasi berbagai sel, menginduksi terjadinya apoptosis dan meregulasi ekspresi dari berbagai onkogen. Faktor-faktor ini yang menjadi alasan butirat mempunyai efek protektif terhadap kanker kolon. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)

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The majority of colon cancers occur sporadically. They are thougth to be caused by non-inherited factors such as a combination of diet and environmental factors, which result in somatic mutations of specific genes. Among dietary factors butyrate which is derived from fermentable fibers may have important role as chemoprotector against colorectal cancer. The source of butyrate in daily diet mostly come from wheat products especially wheat bran. At molecular level, butyrate causes hystone acetylation, favours differentiation, induces apoptosis and regulates the expressions of various oncogens. These effects suggest that butyrate may be protective against colorectal cancers. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)"

"Fiber is not digested or absorbed in the small intestine. The main site of action of fiber is in the colon. Inthe colon, fiber will increase stool output and frequency. Increase stool water, dilute the colonic content,reduce the toxins, bile acid, increase colonic fermentation and also stimulate probiotic growth.Some meta-analysis of observational epidemologic and case contro studies have faund a protectiveeffect of dietary fiber against colon cancer that increase with intake. Therefore, the high fiber diet is healthy recommendation to prevent various gastrointestinal disorders."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas kebiasaan konsumsi serat makanan mahasiswa penghuniasrama Universitas Indonesia tahun 2011 dan hubungannya dengan karakteristikindividu yang meliputi jenis kelamin, pengetahuan mengenai serat makanan,preferensi/kesukaan terhadap makanan, kebiasaan makan sayur dan buah, danpengaruh teman sebayanya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif denganmetode penelitian deskriptif dan desain studi cross-sectional. Pengumpulan datadilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan formulir Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ) yang dibagikan kepada 145 mahasiswa penghuni asrama UniversitasIndonesia pada bulan April 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adahubungan antara pengetahuan mengenai serat makanan dan preferensi/kesukaanterhadap makanan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi serat makanan pada mahasiswapenghuni asrama Universitas Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwaperlu diadakannya media KIE mengenai pentingnya konsumsi serat makanan sertadisediakannya makanan sumber serat yang lebih bervariasi di kantin asrama

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the habits of consumption of dietary fiber in boarder student,University of Indonesia 2011 and its relationship with the individualcharacteristics including gender, knowledge of dietary fiber, preference for food,eating vegetables and fruit, and the influence of peers. This study is a quantitativestudy with descriptive research methods and cross-sectional design study. Thedata was collected using questionnaires and form the Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) which was distributed to 145 student boarders, University ofIndonesia in April 2011. The results showed that there was a relationship betweenknowledge about dietary fiber and preference for food with the habits ofconsumption of dietary fiber in boarder student at the University of Indonesia’sdormitory. The results suggest that the necessary holding of CIE media about theimportance of dietary fiber consumption and the availability of food sources offiber are more varied in the dorm cafeteria"

"ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai asupan serat pangan dan air dan kejadian konstipasi pada remaja masih belum banyak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan profil jumlah asupan serat pangan dan air pada remaja serta hubungan antara asupan serat pangan dan air terhadap pola buang air besar konsistensi tinja dan konstipasi Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 120 siswa SMU berusia 15 17 tahun dilakukan selama Oktober Desember 2015 Data jumlah asupan energi karbohidrat protein lemak air dan serat bahan makanan dan minuman dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan food record form selama 2x24 jam dan food frequency questionnaire FFQ Subjek terdiri dari 82 anak perempuan 68 3 dan 38 anak lelaki 31 7 sebagian besar dengan gizi baik dan perawakan normal Hanya dua subjek yang mengalami konstipasi Median asupan energi protein lemak dan karbohidrat air dan serat berturut turut sebanyak 1419 3 kalori 54 6 gram 48 4 gram dan 183 2 gram 2079 mL dan 5 1 gram Jumlah asupan energi karbohidrat dan air subjek lelaki secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan serat pangan dan air dengan kejadian konstipasi Data yang didapat menunjukkan jumlah asupan serat pangan remaja usia 15 17 tahun di bawah AKG yang dianjurkan Sebaliknya jumlah asupan air sesuai dengan AKG yang dianjurkan Data yang didapat diharapkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk penelitian selanjutnya ABSTRACT Indonesian children and adolescent are alleged not to consume sufficient fiber and water while studies show fiber and water affect defecation profile This cross sectional study records the amount of fiber and water intake of Indonesian adolescents aged 15 17 years and their defecation pattern Subjects are 120 SMU 68 students aged 15 17 years 82 girls and 38 boys The study was conducted between October and December 2015 We attempt to find any correlation between fiber and water intake and defecation profile Most of the subjects were well nourished and normal stature Median water and fiber intake were 2079 mL and 5 1 grams The median of energy protein fats and carbohydrates intake were 1419 3 calories 54 6 grams 48 4 grams and 183 2 grams consecutively Only two subjects who experienced constipation About 49 subjects had abdominal pain according to Rome III Criteria We found there is no significant association between dietary fiber intake and water consumption and constipation However we feel that future study should be carried out to encrich our data in this field ;Indonesian children and adolescent are alleged not to consume sufficient fiber and water while studies show fiber and water affect defecation profile This cross sectional study records the amount of fiber and water intake of Indonesian adolescents aged 15 17 years and their defecation pattern Subjects are 120 SMU 68 students aged 15 17 years 82 girls and 38 boys The study was conducted between October and December 2015 We attempt to find any correlation between fiber and water intake and defecation profile Most of the subjects were well nourished and normal stature Median water and fiber intake were 2079 mL and 5 1 grams The median of energy protein fats and carbohydrates intake were 1419 3 calories 54 6 grams 48 4 grams and 183 2 grams consecutively Only two subjects who experienced constipation About 49 subjects had abdominal pain according to Rome III Criteria We found there is no significant association between dietary fiber intake and water consumption and constipation However we feel that future study should be carried out to encrich our data in this field ;Indonesian children and adolescent are alleged not to consume sufficient fiber and water while studies show fiber and water affect defecation profile This cross sectional study records the amount of fiber and water intake of Indonesian adolescents aged 15 17 years and their defecation pattern Subjects are 120 SMU 68 students aged 15 17 years 82 girls and 38 boys The study was conducted between October and December 2015 We attempt to find any correlation between fiber and water intake and defecation profile Most of the subjects were well nourished and normal stature Median water and fiber intake were 2079 mL and 5 1 grams The median of energy protein fats and carbohydrates intake were 1419 3 calories 54 6 grams 48 4 grams and 183 2 grams consecutively Only two subjects who experienced constipation About 49 subjects had abdominal pain according to Rome III Criteria We found there is no significant association between dietary fiber intake and water consumption and constipation However we feel that future study should be carried out to encrich our data in this field "

"Karagenan merupakan bahan pangan alamiah yang mengandung serat cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh serat pangan karagenan pada parameter lipid darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Maret 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif; mencit normokolesterolemia yang diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif; mencit hiperkolesterolemia tanpa suplementasi karagenan, kelompok perlakuan; kelompok mencit hiperkolesterolemia yang diberikan suplementasi karagenan 15%, 30%, dan 46%. Kadar serat makanan tidak larut pada masing-masing pakan mencit percobaan ialah 6,92; 8,75; 10,48; 12,27; dan 14,05%. Parameter yang diukur ialah bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol total serum, hati, dan feses, serta kadar trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), dan glukosa dalam serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suplementasi karagenan sebesar 46% menurunkan bobot badan sebesar 7,99%, kadar total kolesterol sebesar 18,78%, trigliserida sebesar 17,53%, dan LDL sebesar 71,33%, serta meningkatkan HDL sebesar 15,59−20,47%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan dapat menurunkan kandungan kolesterol hati sebesar 38,46% dan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses sebesar 57,07%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan sebesar 46% dalam diet hiperkolesterolemik dapat memperbaiki parameter lipid darah mencit hiperkolesterolemia.

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The Carrageenan Dietary Fiber Suplementation in Feed to Improving Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Carrageenan is example of food with high content of fiber. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of carrageenan supplementations on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice. The experiment were done at animal cages Departemen of Biology Education, Indonesia University of Education and Fisiology Laboratory Faculty of Veteriner Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute on August 2011 until March 2012. The experimental mice were assigned into a completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e., negative control group; normocholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet, positive control group; hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet without carrageenan supplementation, treatments group; hypercholesterolemic mice feds with supplemented with 15%, 30%, and 46% carrageenan. The nonsoluble content of dietary fiber in the experimental treatments were 6.92, 8.75, 10.48, 12.27, and 14.05%, respectively. The parameters measured were body weight, cholesterol levels of blood serum, liver and feces, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose levels. Supplementation of carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber increased serum HDL concentrations, and decreased body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL concentrations of hypercholesterolemic male mice without a significant effect on serum glucose consentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a supplemented with 46% carrageenan decreased body weight by 7.99%, total serum cholesterol by 18.78%, triglyceride by 17.53%, LDL by 71.33%, and increased HDL by 15.59−20.47%. Carrageenan supplementation reduce liver cholesterol levels by 38.46% and increased cholesterol excretion through feces by 57.07%. Supplementation of 46% carrageenan in hipercholesterolemic fed is effective in improving blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai asupan karbohidrat dan serat pangan dengan proporsi mikrobiota usus pada anak masih belum banyak di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan profil jumlah asupan karbohidrat dan serat pangan pada anak serta hubungannya dengan mikrobiota usus. Mikrobiota usus yang diperiksa adalah Bifidobacterium spp dan Lactobacillus spp mewakili mikrobiota usus baik serta Eschericia dan Clostridium spp mewakili mikrobiota patogen usus.Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 68 siswa TK usia 4-6 tahun dilakukan selama Januari-Februari 2017 di Jakarta. Data jumlah asupan energi, karbohidrat, serta serat pangan dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan food recall form selama 2x24 jam. Subjek terdiri dari 33 anak perempuan 48 dan 35 anak lelaki 52 , sebagian besar dengan gizi baik dan perawakan normal. Median asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan serat pangan berturut-turut sebanyak 1230 kalori, 158 gram dan 2,4 gram. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan karbohidrat dan serat pangan terhadap proporsi mikrobiota ususAsupan karbohidrat dan serat pangan subjek penelitian ini di bawah angka kecukupan gizi AKG yang dianjurkan untuk usia 4-6 tahun. Perbedaan kandungan prebiotik pada asupan karbohidrat maupun serat pangan subjek penelitian ini, mungkin merupakan penyebab perbedaan hasil penelitian ini dengan penelitian diluar negeri. Data yang didapat diharapkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk penelitian selanjutnya.

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ABSTRACTThere are not many studies in Indonesia related to gut microbiota, especially in relation with carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake. The objectives of this study are to gain profiles on the amount of carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake in children, and its relations with gut microbiota. The gut microbiota being studied are Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus spp, representing the good microbiota, and Eschericia and Clostridium spp as the pathogen gut microbiota.Cross sectional study was conducted on 68 kindergarten students aged 4 6 years old during the period of January ndash February 2017. The data on energy, carbohydrate and dietary fiber intakes were compiled using food recall form for 48 hours. Subjects consisted of 33 girls 48 and 35 boys 52 majority of them are well nourished and normal stature. Median of the energy, carbohydrate and fiber intake were 1,230 calories, 158 gram and 2.4 gram, consecutively. There was no significant relation between carbohydrate and dietary fiber intakes on the composition of gut microbiota.The intake of carbohydrate and dietary fiber for the subjects of this study was below the Daily Dietary Requirement for children aged 4 6 years old. The discrepancy of prebiotic amount on the carbohydrate and fiber intake might impact the results of this study compared with similar studies abroad. However, the acquired data can be used for basis of future studies in this field."

"Diabetes Melitus DM merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada masyarakat perkotaan. Berbagai komplikasi dapat muncul apabila kadar glukosa tidak dikontrol dengan baik. Survei kesehatan rumah tangga SKRT 2004 menyatakan bahwa 16 5 pasien DM meninggal akibat salah satu komplikasi yaitu penyakit jantung. Salah satu pilar pengelolaan DM adalah perencanaan makan.Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian diet tinggi serat khususnya serat larut soluble fiber dapat mengontrol gula darah dengan lebih baik. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis evidance based mengenai pemberian diet tinggi serat dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah pasien.Hasilnya pada pasien ini adalah terbukti kadar glukosa dapat dikontrol pasien mengalami penurunan nilai glukosa darah. Rekomendasi bagi perawat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya diet tinggi serat khususnya serat larut

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Diabetes Mellitus DM is one of problem in urban health. Various complications can arise when glucose level are not controlled. Household Health Survey SKRT 2004 states that 16 5 of patients with diabetes caused by the complication of heart disease One of the management of diabetes is control diet.

Previous research indicated that high diatery fiber especially soluble fiber soluble fiber was control blood sugar better. This final clinical nursing report aimed to analyze evidance based about high diatery fiber administreted to control glucose level in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

The result showed that glucose level could be controlled glucose level of patient was decrease It is recommended to deliver health education about the important of high dietary fiber especially soluble fiber."

"Konstipasi fungsional merupakan salah satu masalah gastrointestinal yang paling umum terjadi. Penelitian baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahwa konstipasi fungsional juga banyak dialami oleh kelompok mahasiswa. Dampak konstipasi fungsional pada mahasiswa tidak dapat diabaikan, seperti menimbulkan perasaan tidak nyaman secara fisik dan psikososial yang berakibat pada menurunnya produktivitas dan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui proporsi kejadian konstipasi fungsional dan hubungan antara beberapa faktor risiko dengan kejadian konstipasi fungsional pada mahasiswa S1 Reguler FKM UI tahun 2023. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini yaitu kejadian konstipasi fungsional. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini antara lain asupan serat pangan, asupan cairan, aktivitas fisik, jenis kelamin, stres, dan kualitas tidur. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai Juli-Desember 2023 dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan desain studi cross-sectional. Responden penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa aktif S1 Reguler FKM UI angkatan 2020-2022 sejumlah 122 orang yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling. Data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner secara daring melalui Google Form. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Fisher-Exact. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, didapatkan proporsi konstipasi fungsional sebesar 18,9%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan serat pangan, asupan cairan, aktivitas fisik, jenis kelamin, stres, dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian konstipasi fungsional pda mahasiswa S1 Reguler FKM UI 2023. Meskipun begitu, terdapat kecenderungan bahwa kejadian konstipasi fungsional lebih banyak dialami oleh mahasiswa yang memiliki asupan serat pangan kurang dan asupan cairan kurang. Oleh karena itu, mahasiswa diharapkan meningkatkan konsumsi serat pangan dan cairan serta menerapkan gaya hidup yang lebih sehat.

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Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Recent research shows that funstional constipation also occurs in student groups. The impact of functional constipation on students cannot be ignored, as it causes feelings of physical and psychosocial discomfort, resulting in decreased productivity and quality of life. This study aims to determine the proportion of functional constipation and the relationship between several risk factors with functional constipation among undergraduate students of the Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, in 2023. The dependent variable of this study is functional constipation. The independent variables in this study include dietary fiber intake, fluid intake, sex, physical activity, stress level, and sleep quality. This research was conducted from July to December 2023 using quantitative methods and a cross-sectional study design. Respondents for this study were 122 active regular undergraduate students of FKM UI form the class of 2020-2022, selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained by filling out online questionnaires via Google Forms. Data were analyzed through univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-Square test and Fisher-Exact test. Based on the results, it was found that the proportion of functional constipation was 18,3%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between dietary fiber intake, fluid intake, sex, physical activity, stress level, and sleep quality with functional constipation in regular undergraduate students at FKM UI in 2023. However, this research suggests that there is a tendency for functional constipation to be more frequent in students with lower dietary fiber intake and less fluid intake. Therefore, students are encouraged to increase their consumption of dietary fiber and fluids and adopt a healthier lifestyle. "