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"https://lib.ui.ac.id/unggah/skripsi/127258#:~:text=Diaspora%20Tionghoa%20merupakan,dalam%20Politik%20Global.

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The Chinese diaspora is one of the oldest and largest diaspora communities that are dispersed all over the globe. The Chinese Diaspora is widely perceived as a transnational actor who contributes significantly to the advancement of China's national interests. However, in reality China's approach to these communities is often different and seems inconsistent, both in policy and in the definition of the Chinese Diaspora itself. Therefore, this paper attempts to map out China's approach and view of the Chinese Diaspora from time to time, in particular region of Southeast Asia. This literature review uses a taxonomic method by reviewing 42 academic works that is categorized into three main themes: 1) global migration, 2) identity construction, and 3) China's foreign policy towards the Chinese Diaspora. The author then finds that not all existing literature views and portrays the Chinese Diaspora as an agent or instrument for China's foreign interests. In this case, the Chinese Diaspora is also seen as a multidimentional and diverse subject, and has its own experiences. The Chinese diaspora is then not always viewed as an actor, agent, or instrument for the interests of China or its host-society state in Global Politics."

"Sejak tahun 1950, hubungan bilateral Indonesia dan Cina bersifat fluktuatif. Sebagai negara terbesar di masing-masing kawasan, Indonesia dan Cina memiliki hubungan bilateral yang signifikan di panggung internasional karena implikasinya yang luas terhadap stabilitas keamanan dan perekonomian regional. Dalam perkembangannya, interaksi antara middle power dan great power ini makin tersorot karena hubungan kedua negara terus meningkat di era kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo dan Xi Jinping, tetapi tetap diselimuti dengan ketegangan. Untuk menelaah perkembangan dinamika hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Cina, tinjauan literatur ini berupaya memetakan 52 literatur dalam bentuk artikel jurnal dengan menggunakan metode taksonomi. Pemetaan literatur ini kemudian dibagi ke dalam lima tema utama, yaitu: (1) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Cina; (2) Indonesia dalam pusaran rivalitas geopolitik Amerika Serikat-Cina; (3) dimensi ekonomi dalam hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Cina; (4) posisi diaspora Tionghoa dalam hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Cina; serta (5) posisi dan respons Indonesia di sengketa Laut Cina Selatan. Melalui tinjauan kelima tema utama tersebut, penulis hendak mengidentifikasi area konsensus, perdebatan, dan kesenjangan dalam literatur terkait topik ini. Penulis menemukan bahwa literatur-literatur utamanya menggambarkan kompleksitas hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Cina yang bersifat multifaset dari awal pembukaan hubungan diplomatik hingga di era kontemporer. Dinamika hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Cina ini didorong oleh pertimbangan pragmatisme kedua negara yang mengutamakan kepentingan nasional masing-masing dalam menghadapi berbagai isu prominen di antara keduanya. Dalam tinjauan literatur ini, penulis juga menemukan adanya kesenjangan literatur berupa pembahasan yang hanya terpusat di era kepemimpinan Soekarno, Soeharto, dan Jokowi, kurangnya eksplorasi analisis pada tingkat individu dalam kebijakan luar negeri kedua negara, minimnya pembahasan hubungan Indonesia-Cina selama pandemi COVID-19, dan absennya perdebatan akademis mengenai respons Indonesia terhadap evolusi kebijakan Cina di Laut Cina Selatan. Temuan ini dapat dieksplorasi lebih lanjut dalam penelitian di masa mendatang.

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Since 1950, bilateral relations between Indonesia and China have been characterized by fluctuations. As the largest countries in their respective regions, Indonesia and China have significant bilateral relations on the international stage due to their broad implications for regional security and economic stability. Over time, interactions between this middle power and great power have gained more attention as their relations have strengthened under the leadership of President Joko Widodo and Xi Jinping, although they remain fraught with tension. To analyze the development of the dynamics in Indonesia-China bilateral relations, this literature review aims to map 52 journal articles using a taxonomy method. The literature mapping is categorized into five main themes: (1) factors influencing Indonesia-China bilateral relations; (2) Indonesia in the vortex of US-China geopolitical rivalry; (3) economic dimensions of Indonesia-China bilateral relations; (4) the role of the Chinese diaspora in Indonesia-China bilateral relations; and (5) Indonesia's position and response in the South China Sea dispute. Through the review of these five main themes, the author seeks to identify areas of consensus, debate, and gaps in the literature on this topic. The author finds that the literature mainly portrays the complexity of Indonesia-China bilateral relations as multifaceted, from the establishment of diplomatic relations to the contemporary era. The dynamics of Indonesia-China bilateral relations are driven by the pragmatic considerations of both countries, prioritizing their national interests in addressing prominent issues between them. In this literature review, the author also identifies gaps in the existing research, including discussions that are primarily focused on the leadership eras of Soekarno, Soeharto, and Jokowi, a lack of individual-level foreign policy analysis of both countries, limited discussion on the relations between the two countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the absence of academic debate regarding Indonesia’s response to the evolution of China’s polices in the South China Sea. These findings could be further explored in future research."

"Penelitian ini tentang representasi identitas diaspora Tionghoa dalam dua film, yaitu The Journey (Malaysia) dan Ngenest (Indonesia). Peran diaspora Tionghoa sejak awal kehadiran film di kedua negara (akhir 1920-an) sangat signifikan. Akan tetapi, sejak periode akhir 1960-an hingga tahun 2000, peran itu dan tema ketionghoaan berkurang sangat drastis akibat dari kebijakan politik kedua negara terhadap diaspora Tionghoa. Baru setelah tahun 2000-an, seiring perubahan politik di Indonesia dan ketersediaan teknologi dalam pembuatan film di Malaysia, film bertema ketionghoaan kembali hadir di kedua negara. The Journey (2014) dan Ngenest (2015) diproduksi pada era setelah tahun 2010-an, dan disutradarai oleh diaspora Tionghoa. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini melakukan analisis mendalam terhadap unsur-unsur pembentuk kedua film, yaitu unsur naratif dan unsur sinematik. Konsep representasi dan identitas dari Stuart Hall digunakan sebagai kerangka teoritis dalam penelitian ini untuk memahami representasi identitas diaspora Tionghoa dalam kedua film dari dua negara ini.Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kedua film sama-sama merepsentasikan hal- hal berikut, namun dengan cara yang berbeda, yaitu: 1) tradisi adalah bagian dari penanda identitas diaspora Tionghoa; 2) dinamika identitas yaitu berupa tegangan antara tradisi dengan modernitas (The Journey) dan antara ketionghoaan dengan pandangan diskriminatif terhadapnya (Ngenest); 3) ketidakadaan relasi dengan Tiongkok sebagai negara secara politis. Representasi identitas diaspora Tionghoa di dalam kedua film sangat berbeda karena tidak terlepas dari perbedaan sosial, budaya, dan politik identitas terhadap diaspora Tionghoa di kedua negara tersebut. Masing-masing tokoh utama dalam kedua film merepresentasikan bagaimana identitas diaspora Tionghoa berada dalam kondisi “being” dan “becoming” dalam konteks konsep identitas dari Stuart Hall, yaitu identitas adalah a matter of “becoming” as well as of “being”.

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This research is about the representation of the Chinese diaspora‟s identity in two different films, The Journey (Malaysia) and Ngenest (Indonesia). Since the late 1920s, when the cinema has just started to be introduced in both countries, the contributions of the Chinese diaspora has been very significant. However, from the late 1960s to 2000, there has been a decline in the participation of the Chinese diaspora in the cinema which results in the decline of Chinese-themed films. This phenomenon was a result of the two countries' political policies towards the Chinese diaspora. It was only after the 2000s, along with political changes in Indonesia and the availability of technology in filmmaking in Malaysia, that Chinese-themed films returned to both countries. The Journey (2014) and Ngenest (2015) were produced in the post-2010s era, and were directed by the Chinese diaspora. Using qualitative methods, this research conducts an in-depth analysis of the elements of the two films, which are the narrative elements and cinematic elements. Stuart Hall's concept of representation and identity was used as a theoretical framework to understand the representation of Chinese diaspora identity in the two films from these two countries.

The findings of this study are that both films represent the followings: 1) tradition is part of the identity marker of the Chinese diaspora; 2) the dynamics of identity in the form of tension between tradition and modernity (The Journey) and between Chinese and discriminatory views against it (Ngenest); 3) the absence of relations with China as a country politically. However, there were differences in how those things were represented. The different representations were related with the differences in terms of social, cultural, and identity politics of the Chinese diaspora in both countries. Using Stuart Hall‟s concept of identity, it can be seen that each of the main characters in both films represents how the identity of the Chinese diaspora is in a state of "being" and "becoming"."