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Abstrak :
Praktik Denied Boarding pada maskapai penerbangan menjadi salah satu praktik yang diberlakukan kepada masyarakat. Denied boarding terjadi ketika maskapai menolak mengizinkan seorang penumpang yang sudah memiliki tiket untuk naik pesawat yang sama karena alasan operasional atau kebijakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau aspek hukum yang melindungi konsumen dalam kasus denied boarding khususnya kasus involuntary denied boarding serta menganalisis kepatuhan maskapai terhadap regulasi perlindungan konsumen yang berlaku. Metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data sekunder dianalisis melalui peraturan perundang-undangan, penyelsaian kasus terkait, serta dokumentasi dan kebijakan internal maskapai penerbangan terkait perlindungan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia belum terdapat kerangka hukum yang ditetapkan dengan jelas untuk melindungi konsumen dari praktik involuntary denied boarding yang tidak adil dan merugikan, juga terkait implementasi dan kepatuhan maskapai penerbangan terhadap regulasi perlindungan konsumen masih menimbulkan permasalahan. Dalam penelitian ini akan disajikan juga ketentuan dan bentuk implementasi terkait kasus involuntary denied boarding dari luar negeri yakni dari Malaysia, Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Akan diberikan deskripsi tentang tantangan hukum yang dihadapi oleh konsumen dan upaya hukum yang dapat diambil untuk menegakkan hak-hak mereka. Rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas regulasi dan penegakan hukum dalam melindungi konsumen dari involuntary denied boarding juga dibahas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang hak-hak mereka sebagai konsumen penerbangan dan mendorong maskapai penerbangan untuk lebih mematuhi peraturan perlindungan konsumen yang berlaku demi menciptakan pengalaman penerbangan yang lebih adil dan bermartabat bagi semua pihak. Dengan meningkatnya kesadaran dan kepatuhan, diharapkan praktik denied boarding pada maskapai penerbanganbisa memiliki resolusi terbaik, memberikan manfaat positif bagi konsumen dan industri penerbangan secara keseluruhan. ......Denied Boarding practice in airlines has become one of the practices imposed on society. Denied boarding occurs when an airline refuses to allow a passenger who already has a ticket to board the same flight due to operational or policy reasons. This research aims to review the legal aspects that protect consumers in cases of denied boarding, particularly in cases of involuntary denied boarding, and analyze airlines' compliance with applicable consumer protection regulations. Normative and empirical juridical approaches are used in this study. Secondary data is analyzed through legislation, case settlements, as well as documentation and internal policies of airlines related to consumer protection. The research findings indicate that in Indonesia, there is no clearly established legal framework to protect consumers from unfair and detrimental involuntary denied boarding practices, and issues related to the implementation and compliance of airlines with consumer protection regulations persist.This study also presents provisions and implementation forms related to involuntary denied boarding cases from foreign countries, namely Malaysia, the European Union, and the United States. Descriptions of legal challenges faced by consumers and legal remedies available to enforce their rights will be provided. Recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of regulations and law enforcement in protecting consumers from involuntary denied boarding are also discussed.This research aims to increase public awareness of their rights as airline consumers and encourage airlines to better comply with applicable consumer protection regulations, creating a fair and dignified flying experience for all parties involved. With increased awareness and compliance, it is hoped that denied boarding practices in airlines can be resolved in the best possible way, bringing positive benefits to consumers and the aviation industry as a whole.

Abstrak :
Overbooking merupakan salah satu strategi bisnis maskapai penerbangan untuk menjual tiket pesawat melebihi kapasitas pesawat guna mengoptimalkan pendapatan. Ketidakjelasan pengaturan overbooking di Indonesia cenderung membuat maskapai penerbangan berargumen bahwa adanya penolakan boarding penumpang dalam suatu penerbangan disebabkan oleh kesalahan teknis yang mengakibatkan adanya perubahan jenis pesawat. Di sisi lain, penumpang memiliki akses terbatas ke informasi yang diberikan oleh maskapai. Selama ini, penumpang yang ditolak boarding hanya dilihat sebagai bentuk penundaan penerbangan yang penanganannya diatur dalam standar prosedur operasional maskapai. Oleh karena itu, dalam tugas akhir ini penulis mengulas tentang praktek overbooking dalam penjualan tiket pesawat dari perspektif hukum perlindungan konsumen. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis regulasi, berbagai literatur, dan kasus yang ditemukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik overbooking dapat merugikan penumpang yang tidak dapat terangkut karena kapasitas pesawat yang sudah penuh. Kemudian, pengaturan pemindahbukuan yang tidak jelas di Indonesia mencederai hak penumpang untuk mendapatkan informasi yang sebenarnya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pemerintah perlu merumuskan regulasi terkait overbooking yang dapat mengakomodir perlindungan konsumen di sektor penerbangan seperti di Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. ......Overbooking is one of the airline's business strategies to sell airplane tickets beyond the capacity of the aircraft in order to optimize revenue. The ambiguity of overbooking arrangements in Indonesia tends to make airlines argue that there is a refusal to board a passenger on a flight due to a technical error resulting in a change in aircraft type. On the other hand, passengers have limited access to information provided by the airline. So far, passengers who have been refused boarding have only been seen as a form of flight delays where the handling is regulated in the airline's standard operating procedures. Therefore, in this final project the author reviews the practice of overbooking in airplane ticket sales from the perspective of consumer protection law. The author uses a normative juridical research method by analyzing regulations, various literatures, and cases found. This research shows that the practice of overbooking can be detrimental to passengers who cannot be transported because the aircraft's capacity is already full. Then, unclear book-entry arrangements in Indonesia injure passengers' right to get real information. Based on this, the government needs to formulate regulations related to overbooking that can accommodate consumer protection in the aviation sector, such as in the European Union and the United States.

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK
The aviation business in the ASEAN region has shown significant growth during the last decade. With the enactment of ASEAN Open Skies, there is no doubt that intra-ASEAN flights will continue to increase rapidly with Indonesia and Thailand experiencing significant effects from such development. Considering current rapid market capitalization, there is an urgency to establish equilibrium between commercial and passengers rights. Flight delays, cancellations, and denied boarding, either on domestic or international flights, are the main airline passengers rights issues that are always relevant and must be kept up-to-date with recent developments. In the context of the so-called integrated ASEAN skies, the urgency to establish a uniform legal framework on passengers rights has become essential. Learning from the current international legal framework, namely the Warsaw Convention, the Montreal Convention, and EU Regulation No. 261/2004, they could present the source of best solution. Considering that the latter was established by another regional initiative, it could be a particularly valuable guide for ASEAN, even though the current integration level of the EU and ASEAN are quite different. Also of importance, the bomb threat hoax phenomenon within Indonesia and Thailand shall also be discussed. Passengers rights must also be protected against the implications of such irresponsible acts.