Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tesis ini menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan deforestasi di Indonesia antara tahun 1985 - 1997, dimana selama 12 tahun tersebut Indonesia kehilangan sekitar 20 % hutan alamnya. Untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari penyebab deforestasi tersebut dibangun sebuah model simultan dengan tiga persamaan.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa deforestasi di Indonesia secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan produksi kayu, perubahan harga kayu, perkembangan hutan tanaman industri, pendapatan nasional, pertumbuhan penduduk, hutang Iuar negeri pemerintah dan pembangunan jalan raya."

"One of strategic watersheds in Indonesia is the Ciliwung watershed. The rapid growth of development in this watershed has resulted in reduced forested lands and water catchment areas. The critical point is when the upstream area as a buffer zone also experiences uncontrolled land conversion for various purposes. Indonesia Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Article 18 contains a mandate for the Government to determine and to maintain the adequacy of forest cover in each watershed. This research seeks to understand the condition of rehabilitation and deforestation of forested land in Bogor Regency as the upstream of the Ciliwung watershed which affects its downstream water system in DKI Jakarta Province. By applying system dynamics modelling, it is expected that an ideal scenario of rehabilitation which the government must undertake will be identified to cope with deforestation rates in forested upstream watersheds. The methodological approach applied in this paper is a mixed method with system dynamics - based analysis methods. The results of model simulations carried out in Business as Usual conditions and Simulation of Scenarios Model going forward to 2060. From the alternative scenarios available, it reveals that the rehabilitation capability scenario of 3.6% / year is the most optimal in order to overtake deforestation rates in the upstream Ciliwung watershed. If the simulation setting is extended to 2100, the maximum area of ​​forested land in 2090 will be 8,134.05 ha (still below the carrying capacity of the available forest area)."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini membahas faktor kebijakan dan institusional sebagai penyebab deforestasi di Indonesia pada tahun 1999-2004. Faktor tersebut dapat dijelaskan melalui teori deforestasi yang menjabarkannya dalam tiga sub faktor, yaitu kebijakan formal, iklim kebijakan dan hak properti. Untuk menjelaskan ketiga faktor tersebut, dijabarkan beberapa contoh kasus yang relevan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah kualitatif dengan teknik studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Hasil dari tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk menjelaskan ketiga sub faktor tersebut dapat melalui beberapa poin sehingga menyebabkan deforestasi.

---

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the policy and institutional factors as the cause of deforestation in Indonesia 1999 2004. These factors can be explained through deforestation theory which lays out in three sub factors namely, formal policies, policy climate and property rights. To explain these three factors, I give some examples of relevant cases in Indonesia. The research methodology was qualitative with literature study and document study techniques. The results of this paper indicate that to explain the three sub factors can be through several points leading to deforestation. "

"Deforestasi merupakan isu yang sangat serius bagi kawasan hutan yang berada di negara tropis, khususnya Indonesia. Untuk merespon hal tersebut, beberapa upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengurangi laju deforestasi. Upaya yang terakhir adalah dengan menetapkan Kebijakan Moratorium Hutan pada tahun 2011 sebagai bagian dari skema REDD. Studi ini mengamati beberapa faktor penyebab deforestasi dan selanjutnya menguji apakah Kebijakan Moratorium Hutan berdampak pada deforestasi di level nasional dan regional. Studi ini menggunakan beberapa faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab tidak langsung (underlying causes) dari deforestasi. Data merupakan data panel yang berasal dari 33 Provinsi di Indonesia mulai tahun 2003 - 2016, yang dibagi lebih lanjut ke dalam delapan periode. Data di analisa dengan menggunakan metode estimasi Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi deforestasi, termasuk konsesi hutan, FDI sektor primer, pertumbuhan populasi, dan kebakaran hutan, secara statistik signifikan mempengaruhi laju deforestasi di level nasional dan regional. Selanjutnya, hasil estimasi tersebut secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moratorium hutan tidak menurunkan deforestasi secara signifikan. Selain itu, studi - studi sebelumnya juga menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi diantara para pihak baik di pusat dan daerah harus diperbaiki untuk meningkatkan implementasi kebijakan tersebut, khususnya di tingkat regional. Lebih lanjut, para pemangku kebijakan yang bertanggung jawab dalam implementasi kebijakan ini harus dapat memberikan alternatif kebijakan yang dapat memberikan manfaat bagi komunitas yang tinggal di sekitar Kawasan hutan.

---

Deforestation is a very serious issue for forest areas in tropical countries. In response to this, efforts have been made to reduce the deforestation rates. The latest effort was the establishment of the Forest Moratorium Policy in 2011, as a part of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) scheme. This study examines several determinants of deforestation in Indonesia and tests whether the forest moratorium policy has had an effect on the deforestation rate at national and regional levels. Several possible underlying causes of deforestation are considered. The study uses panel provincial data covering the period 2003-2016. To standardize the data, it has been divided into eight periods. The cross-section consists of 33 provinces in Indonesia. Estimation was conducted using ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression methods. The estimated results show that deforestation drivers, including forest concessions, primary sector foreign direct investment, population growth, and forest fire incidents, are statistically significant at the national and regional levels, as predicted. Furthermore, the results partly suggest that implementing the forest moratorium policy did not produce any statistically significant effect in reducing deforestation, either at the national or regional levels. Coordination between central and regional stakeholders should be improved to further empower the policy implementation, especially at the regional level. Furthermore, actors responsible for implementing the Forest Moratorium Policy propose a policy that provides economic benefits to communities surrounding the primary natural forests, in order to prevent primary forest encroachment."

"Studi empiris ini bermaksud menginvestigasi dampak dan hubungan antara urbanisasi dan deforestasi di Asia Tenggara menggunakan data dari sembilan negara periode 1996 – 2018. Metode estimasi Pooled Mean Group (PMG) digunakan untuk menyelidiki hubungan jangka panjang. Hasil studi mengkonfirmasi bahwa hubungan antara urbanisasi dengan deforestasi tidak linier, tetapi mengikuti kurva U-terbalik. Urbanisasi menyebabkan deforestasi pada tahap pembangunan awal, kemudian mencapai ambang batas, dan pada gilirannya mendorong luas tutupan hutan meningkat. Titik balik terjadi ketika level urbanisasi mencapai 73,26%. Dibutuhkan integrasi kuat antara kebijakan pembangunan kota dan tata kelola hutan untuk mengurangi potensi dampak negatif urbanisasi terhadap deforestasi.

---

This empirical study proposes to investigate the effect and relationship between urbanization and deforestation in Southeast Asia using data from nine countries for the period 1996 – 2018. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation method is employed to investigate the long-term relationship. The study results confirm that the relationship between urbanization and deforestation is non-linear, but follows an inverted U-curve. Urbanization causes deforestation in the early stages of development, then reaches a threshold, and in turn causes forest cover to increase. The turning point occurred when the level of urbanization reached 73.26%. Strong integration between urban development policies and forest governance is required to reduce the potential negative impacts of urbanization on deforestation"

"Tulisan ini menganalisa kejahatan terhadap hutan di Riau, Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2003 hingga 2015. Data yang didapat dari laporan investigasi, buku dan pemberitaan media dianalisa menggunakan perspektif kriminologi hijau dengan mengadopsi tiga model teoritis kriminologi hijau oleh Rob White (2008a): keadilan lingkungan, keadilan ekologis dan keadilan spesies non-manusia. Tulisan ini juga meninjau aspek hukum, administrasi dan kebijakan. Deforestasi yang terjadi di Riau dalam kurun waktu tersebut dianalisa dengan kategorisasi berikut: (1) konflik sosial dan kemanusiaan, (2) kerusakan ekosistem hutan (3) kejahatan dan ancaman spesies non-manusia, serta (4) tinjauan hukum, administrasi dan kebijakan. Hasil analisa empiris dengan menekankan dimensi sosial, politik dan sistem ekonomi kapitalisme dalam tulisan ini membuktikan terjadinya kejahatan terhadap hutan dalam perspektif kriminologi hijau dengan memperhitungkan terjadinya kerusakan, kerugiaan dan perlukaan pada hutan dan bagian integralnya. Menimbulkan korban ekosistem hutan (degradasi), perlukaan kepada masyarakat adat dan lokal, hilangnya habitat hewan, terjadinya pelanggaran hukum hingga temuan kebijakan yang membahayakan hutan. Negara dan korporasi transnasional pada industri kehutanan di Riau menjadi aktor kejahatan terhadap hutan.

---

This paper reviews crimes against forests in Riau, Indonesia from 2003 to 2015. Data obtained from reports, books and media coverage is analyzed using a green criminology perspective with an analysis of three theoretical models of green criminology by Rob White (2008a): environmental justice, ecological justice and non-human species justice. This paper also reviews legal, administrative and policy aspects. Deforestation that occurred in Riau during this period was analyzed with the following categories: (1) social and human conflicts, (2) harm to forest (3) crimes and threats to non-human species, and (4) legal, administrative and policy review. The empirical results of this analysis with an emphasis on the social, political and the economic system of capitalism prove the crimes against forests in a green criminological perspective by taking into account the damage, loss and harm to forests and their integral parts. Resulting in victims of forest ecosystems (degradation), harm to indigenous and local communities, the loss of animal habitat, violations of laws and harmful policies. The state and transnational corporations in the forestry industry in Riau are the actors of crimes against forests.

"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendapatan utama penduduk desa dari perkebunan dengan deforestasi. Untuk menganalisa hubungan ini digunakan data panel dari 3260 desa di Kalimantan pada periode 2011, 2014 dan 2018. Jumlah area yang terdeforestasi pada setiap desa merupakan variabel dependent. Sedangkan variabel independent adalah desa dengan pendapatan masyarakat dari perkebunan, penggunaan kayu bakar oleh masyarakat, kebiasaan membakar lahan sebelum berladang, jumlah industri kecil bukan kayu, jumlah industri kecil kayu, luas desa, rasio antara luas desa dan hutan, jumlah perusahaan yang memiliki hak pengusahaan hutan (HPH), jumlah perusahaan yang memiliki hak pengusahaan hutan tanaman (HTI), jumlah areal hutan yang dilepaskan, jumlah areal trasmigrasi, jumlah sawah, jumlah perkebunan dan jumlah lahan perladangan. Hasil dari analisa menggunakan model random efek menunjukkan bahwa desa yang pendapatan utama penduduknya berasal dari perkebunan memiliki hubungan yang positif terhadap deforestasi. Variabel lain yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif dengan deforestasi adalah jumlah industri kecil perkayuan, luas desa, rasio luas hutan terhadap luas desa, jumlah perusahaan HTI, jumlah areal tansmigrasi, luas sawah, luas perkebunan dan luas perladangan. Sedangkan variabel yang memiliki hubungan negatif adalah penggunaan kayu bakar, kegiatan pembakaran lahan sebelum berladang, industri kecil bukan kayu dan jumlah perusahaan HPH. Sebagai tambahan, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan perlu mempertimbangkan kembali pemberian hak pengusahaan hutan tanaman (HTI) karena merupakan variabel yang sangat mempengaruhi terjadinya deforestasi.

---

This study investigates relationship between village with dominant income from plantation as main commodity and deforestation. A panel data analysis using data of 3260 villages in Kalimantan for the period 2011, 2014, and 2018 was utilized to analyze whether the plantation as main income affected the level of deforestation. Deforestation in each village was set as dependent variable. The independent variables are village with main income from plantation, the use of firewood, burning land habit, non wood small industries, wood small industries, village area, ratio of forest, number of logging firms, number of wood plantation firms, total of forest release, total of transmigration area, existing paddy fields, existing plantations and existing mix agriculture land. The results of random effect model show that village with plantation as main commodity has a positive impact to deforestation. Other variables that have positive contribution to deforestation are the wood-based small industries, village area, the ratio of forest to the village area, the number of wood plantation companies, transmigration, the area of paddy fields, the area of plantation and the area of mix agriculture land. While the variable that have negative relation to deforestation are the use of firewood, the practice of burning land, non-wood small industries, and logging companies. In addition, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry policy for granting forest concession permits through wood plantation companies needs to reviewed by because this variable greatly influences deforestation."

"ABSTRAKKasus deforestasi di hutan Sumatera telah menjadi salah satu yang terburuk di Indonesia. Untuk menanggulanginya, dibutuhkan strategi kampanye humas yang efektif untuk mengubah perilaku publik aktif yang terkait seperti pemerintah, perusahaan pengelola lahan hutan, dan masyarakat. Greenpeace selaku organisasi yang peduli dengan isu-isu mengenai lingkungan melakukan kampanye Mata Harimau pada tahun 2011 untuk melihat secara langsung kondisi kerusakan hutan di wilayah Riau, Jambi, dan Sumatera Selatan dengan cara tur menggendarai motor menggunakan kostum harimau. Kampanye ini terbukti sukses dengan membuat perusahaan besar di luar negeri menghentikan pembelian produk hasil hutan yang diproduksi oleh Asian Pulp and Paper (APP). Hal ini membuat perusahaan APP mengumumkan kebijakan penghentian aktivitas penebangan ilegal di wilayah tempat kampanye berlangsung.

---

ABSTRACTDeforestation cases in Sumatran forests has been becoming one of the worst in Indonesia. To overcome it, effective public relations strategy needed to change active-public behaviour such as government, forest land corporation, and society. Greenpeace as one of the non- governmental organization that concern in enviromental issues did the Mata Harimau campaign in 2011 to see directly deforestation condition in Riau, Jambi, and South Sumatran region with motocycle tour using tiger custom. This campaign succeed to achive its goal in a way that multinational companies outside Indonesia stop to buy forestry production which is produced by Asian Pulp and Paper (APP). This condition made APP announced the policy that terminate illegal logging activities in regions where the campaign held."

"Deforestation speed was increasing fastly from 1,87 million ha/year on the 1985-1997 period to 2,6 million ha/year on 1998-2000 period. This increase in speed cause many problems such as: a decrease in environment quality, the drastic decrease in forest timber production which affects timber supply,etc. There are many factors affecting a change in the forest coverage. At first, management of Forest Utilization Right (HPH) and the development of timber industry are perceived as the cause of the increase in deforestation speed. However, there are other argument that propose an increase in the number of farmers and nomad farmer in forest area as the cause the change in forest coverage. The purpose of this study is to get a picture of the direct cause of the change in forest coverage. This study use panel data method for 19 provinces from 1976 to 2000. The results show that there is a positive relationship between speed of deforestation and forest coverage. Logging activity and forest conversion contribute to the change in forest coverage where forest conversion has bigger impact on the speed of deforestation. This analysis indicates that forest conversion is the maior cause of deforestation in Indonesia. The conversion of forest into plantation is the major cause of deforestation in Indonesia. On the other hand the number of small farmers or people live in forest area has very little impact on deforestation. "