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Abstrak :
Crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production created via transesterification was pyrolyzed using a microwave heating technique in an oxygen-deficient environment. Coconut shell-based activated carbon was used as a catalyst to assist in the heat transfer and the cracking of glycerol into gaseous and liquid products. Investigation into the product yield was conducted by varying the pyrolysis temperature between 300°C and 800°C. The result revealed that liquid and gaseous pyrolysis products yield fell in the range of 15?42% and 55?82% by mass, respectively. An analysis of the liquid product using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) shows that glycerin (C3H8O3), methanamine (CH5N), and cyclotrisiloxane (C6H18O3Si3) were among the highest derived compounds in the pyrolyzed liquid yield. The derived pyrolysis products can potentially be used as alternative fuels in combustion systems.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan limbah industri biodiesel di Indonesia masih terbatas karena nilai ekonomi dari crude glycerol sangat rendah dan membutuhkan proses purifikasi, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini crude glycerol dimanfaatkan menjadi adhesive poliuretan. Penelitian yang dilakukan akan membuat poliol dari gliserol, asam oleat, dan phthalic anhydride. Poliol yang didapat disintesis menjadi poliuretan adhesive dengan mereaksikan poliol dengan senyawa isosianat polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (pMDI). Adhesive yang telah diaplikasikan dibiarkan melalui proses curing dalam jangka waktu bervariasi untuk melihat waktu curing paling optimal. Beberapa sistem adhesive kemudian diberi perlakuan asam dan basa untuk mengetahui resistensi terhadap keadaan asam dan basa. Performa steel adhesive poliuretan akan dilihat berdasarkan kekuatan mekaniknya, oleh karena itu akan dilakukan uji shear-strength test dan T-peeling test untuk melihat apakah crude glycerol dapat memberikan daya adhesi yang bagus, sehingga dapat mendekati performa produk komersil yang ada di pasaran. Berdasarkan hasil uji mekanik yang dilakukan, adhesive dari gliserol teknis memiliki kekuatan mekanik paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi lain. Variasi waktu curing menunjukkan tujuh hari adalah waktu curing yang menghasilkan kekuatan mekanik tertinggi. Variasi treatment yang menghasilkan kekuatan mekanik tertinggi adalah dengan larutan detergen dan amplas. Pemberian asam dan basa menunjukkan basa membuat kekuatan mekanik adhesive berkurang banyak dibandingkan dengan asam.

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ABSTRACT
Low market price of crude glycerol in Indonesia is caused by low utilization of biodiesel industrial waste. Other than in food and pharmacy industry, glycerol can be used as polyurethane adhesive ingredients. The research will use crude glycerol, oleic acid, and phthalic anhydride to make polyol. The polyol then used to make polyurethane adhesive by reaction with Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (pMDI). Curing time are varied to find out curing optium time of adhesive. Acid and base treatment the given to some of adhesive system to find out chemical strength of the adhesive. Steel adhesive performance will be seen from its mechanical properties. Shear strength and T-peeling test is done to test mechanical properties of steel adhesive from crude glycerol to find out if the adhesive can meet the performance of commercial adhesive. Based on mechanial test results, adhesive with technical grade glycerol has the highest mechanical strength than other gkycerol concentration used. Curing time variation showed that seven days curing result the highest mechanical strength of the adhesive. Surface treatment variation showed that with detergent solution and emery paper give adhesive the highest mechanical strength. Acid base treatment showed that base reduce mechanical strength of adhesive more than acid treatment.;;;