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"Dalam rangka mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap produk minyak pelumas, telah dipelajari formulasi salah satu minyak pelumas untuk metal working, yaitu rolling oil. Bahan dasar yang digunakan adalah minyak jarak (Ricinus communis L). Minyak pelumas yang baik adalah memiliki indeks viskositas yang tinggi. Minyak jarak adalah salah satu minyak nabati yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi rooling oil karena memiliki indeks viskositas yang tinggi, tetapi nilai tersebut belum memenuhi nilai standar rolling oil yang ada di pasaran. Indeks viskositas minyak jarak adalah 87, sedangkan indeks viskositas rolling oil standar yang ada di pasaran adalah di atas 100.Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sintesa rolling oil dengan cara dehidrasi minyak jarak menggunakan katalis campuran natriun bisulfat dan atapulgit Dehidrasi minyak jarak ini menghasilkan rolling oil yang memiliki indeks viskositas 142. Selanjutnya untuk memperbaiki karakteristik rolling oil tersebut dilakukan penambahan aditif antioksidan dan aditif extreme pressure (EP).Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh perbandinganan konsentrasi katalis natrium bisulfat dengan atapulgit optimum yaitu 0,5% : 2%(b/b), diperoleh antioksidan dengan konsentrasi terbaik yaitu TBHQ 0,12% dan konsentrasi optimum aditif extreme pressure AP-2337 sebesar 3,5% (b/b).

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In order to reduce the dependence upon lubricant oil product, it has been studied one of formulation type lubricant oil which is use for metal working namely rolling oil. Castor oil (Ricinus Communis L) was used as raw material. The characteristic of good lubricant oil has high viscosity index. Castor oil is one kind of vegetable oil which the potential to be developed for rolling oil due to high viscosity index. Raw castor oil has viscosity index about 83,5 cSt which has not met the market requirement on viscosity index above 100 cSt.

In this study, the synthesis of rolling oil was done by catalysis dehydration using NaHSO4 and attapulgite. The catalysis dehydration product has viscosity index 142 cSt. The quality was improve by the addition of antioxidant and extreme pressure additive.

The result of the study showed the ratio catalyst concentration NaHSO4 : attapulgite, 0,5% : 2% (w/w), antioxidant additive was TBHQ 0,12% and extreme pressure additive AP-2337 3,5%."

"This study aimed to know performance of food crops sector in North Sumatera Province....."

"Government program of National Rice Food Barn in Merauke Regency should be counterbalanced by upland food crops development.The potential land for upland food crops development in Merauke is extent

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"ABSTRACTCropping intensification in rainfed rice based farming systems through multiple cropping after the rice harvest by using residual soil moisture and supplemental irrigation offers a way to increase agricultural productivity and boost rural incomes in Northeast Thailand. This study identifies localities, planted areas, types of crops, and number of households growing crops after rainfed rice in Khon Kaen Province; it also analyzes some of the physical and social factors associated with the occurrence of this system. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2013 of 198 agricultural extension officers in each subdistrict (tambol) in the province to collect data on multiple cropping. An area of 10,384 ha (2.9% of the total rainfed rice area) was used for multiple cropping by 16,184 households (10.9% of all rainfed rice farming households). Both field crops (e.g., cassava, crotalaria, field corn) and vegetables (e.g., sweet corn, watermelon, Chinese radish) were grown. These crops generated USD414 to 49,072 per hectare per crop for a total revenue of USD32 million, which is three times higher than the value of rice grown in the same field area. However, the area that can be utilized for multiple cropping in different subdistricts may be limited by physical conditions, including availability of irrigation sources and soil texture, as well as social and economic factors such as availability of markets, institutional support, and farmer skills."