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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Praktik illegal fishing di dunia semakin masif dan berkembang melibatkan teknik-teknik yang digunakan untuk mengeksploitasi kelemahan dalam regulasi perikanan dunia. Berbagai kejahatan serius dan bersifat lintas batas negara atau transnational organized crime dilakukan demi melancarkan operasinya. Sejumlah laporan kasus menemukan adanya hubungan erat antara transnational organized crime dengan illegal fishing memunculkan gagasan perubahan paradigma illegal fishing dari permasalahan pengelolaan dan konservasi perikanan atau administratif menjadi kejahatan dan diatur dalam United Nations Convention Againts Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC sebagai transnational organized crime. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yang akan menganalisis berbagai kasus illegal fishing skala besar yang disertai praktik transnational organized crime berdasarkan kriteria transnational organized crime dalam UNTOC. Berdasarkan analisis kasus menggunakan sumber data dari kepustakaan dan wawancara, dapat disimpulkan bahwa illegal fishing dalam skala besar sudah memenuhi kriteria sebagai transnational organized crime. Oleh karena itu illegal fishing tidak dapat dianggap hanya sebagai sekadar isu administratif, namun sebagai kejahatan serius. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsepsi fisheries crime dapat menjembatani illegal fishing untuk dapat dikategorikan sebagai transnational organized fisheries crime. Namun, konsepsi ini masih prematur mengingat luasnya cakupan dari fisheries crime dan belum adanya dokumen hukum yang secara eksplisit mengatur definisi jelas dari illegal fishing selain dari IPOA-IUU dibawah naungan FAO. Diperlukan pendekatan multi-door approach untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, sebab, illegal fishing merupakan kejahatan yang dapat memiliki berbagai modus dan bentuk, sehingga pendekatan multidisipliner dapat membantu untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan ini bagaimanapun bentuknya.

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ABSTRACT
The practice of illegal fishing in the world is massively increasing and growing in which it involves different techniques used to exploit the weaknesses in the world 39 s existing fisheries regulations. A variety of serious crimes that coincidingly crosses between state borders, or what is commonly referred to as a transnational organized crime, takes place in order to ease this operation. A number of case reports indicate a very close link between transnational organized crime and illegal fishing and therefore it brings about the idea for a change in the paradigm of illegal fishing from a fish management and conservation or administrative issue into a crime paradigm to be regarded as a transnational organized crime and to be regulated within the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC itself. This thesis makes use of a juridical normative research method that will analyze various cases of large scale illegal fishing associated with transnational organized crime practices based on the criteria of a transnational organized crime as stipulated in the UNTOC. Based on a case analysis utilizing several data sources from literatures and interviews, it can be concluded that illegal fishing on a large scale evidently meets the criteria of a transnational organized crime. Therefore, illegal fishing cannot be regarded as merely an administrative issue, but has to also be viewed as a serious crime. The results of this study indicate that the concept of fisheries crime can become a bridge for illegal fishing to be categorized as a transnational organized fisheries crime. However, this conception is premature given the broad scope of fisheries crime itself and the absence of legal documents explicitly regulating a clear definition of illegal fishing aside from the IPOA IUU under the authority of the FAO. A multi door approach is needed to address this problem, because illegal fishing is a crime that can arise from multiple methods and forms, hence a multidisciplinary approach can help to overcome this problem no matter what form it comes in.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Tindak pidana perikanan (illegal fishing) di Exclusive Economic Zone atau Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif (ZEE) menjadi salah satu isu global yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara didunia. Indonesia juga terkena dampaknya adanya tindak pidana perikanan (illegal fishing) antara lain kerugiann yang cukup besar, kerusakan ekosistem dan sumber daya perikanan di laut serta menyangkut hak kedaulatan negara Indonesia. Tesis ini membahas ketentuan tindak pidana perikanan (illegal fishing), penerapan yurisdiksi negara dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk menanggulangi dan mengadili tindak pidana perikanan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis dalam rangka mengetahui penerapan yurisdiksi negara untuk menanggulangi dan mengadili tindak pidana perikanan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia. Ketentuan Hukum Internasional dan Hukum Nasional telah mengatur kewenangan Indonesia sebagai negara pantai menerapkan yurisdiksi negara untuk mengadili dan menanggulangi tindak pidana perikanan di Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia (ZEEI). Dalam penegakan hukum terdapat titik kelemahan yaitu hukuman negara pantai yang dijatuhkan terhadap pelanggaran perundang-undangan perikanan di ZEE tidak boleh mencakup pengurungan, jika tidak ada perjanjian sebaliknya antar negara yang bersangkutan atau setiap bentuk hukum badan lainnya. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan kerjasama internasional maupun asean dan patroli bersama antar aparat penegak hukum di ZEEI.

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ABSTRACT Fisheries (illegal fishing) in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is one of the global issues faced by countries in the world. Indonesia is also affected by the occurrence of fisheries crime (illegal fishing), including significant losses, damage to ecosystems and fisheries resources in the sea and concerning the sovereign rights of Indonesia. This thesis discusses the provisions of fisheries crime (illegal fishing), the application of state jurisdiction and efforts made to tackle and adjudicate fisheries crime using a normative juridical approach method with analytical descriptive research specifications in order to know the application of state jurisdiction to tackle and adjudicate fisheries crime in Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone. The provisions of International Law and National Law have regulated Indonesia's authority as a coastal state to apply state jurisdiction to prosecute and tackle fisheries in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEEI). In law enforcement there is a weakness point, namely that the coastal state punishment imposed on violations of fisheries legislation in the EEZ may not include confinement, if there is no reverse agreement between the countries concerned or any other form of legal entity. Efforts can be made both international and ASEAN cooperation and joint patrols between law enforcement officers in ZEEI.

 

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu bentuk penegakan hukum tindak pidana perikanan adalah penenggelaman kapal asing. Pihak yang diberi kewenangan yaitu Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perikanan, Penyidik Perwira Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut (TNI AL), dan/atau Penyidik Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia. Sebagaimana tercantum di dalam Pasal 69 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Perikanan dapat dilakukan tindakan berupa pembakaran dan penenggelaman kapal asing dalam kondisi memaksa (forced major), seperti adanya perlawanan dari Nakhoda atau anak buah kapal (ABK) kapal asing yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan kapal pengawas perikanan. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, penenggelaman kapal yang semula bertujuan untuk memberikan efek jera dinilai kurang efektif karena proses peradilan selama ini hanya menjerat Nahkoda dan awak mesin kapal namun tidak menjerat pemilik kapal. Permasalahan lainnya yaitu pengawasan yang lemah serta proses hukum yang berlarut-larut. Selain itu, penerapan Pasal 69 ayat (4) dalam pelaksanaan di lapangan menimbulkan distorsi dan banyak kritik dari berbagai pihak karena terkait dengan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum internasional khususnya Konvensi PBB tentang hukum laut (UNCLOS 1982). Dengan demikian, isi dari Pasal 69 Ayat (4) Undang-Undang Perikanan yang mengatur ketentuan penenggelaman kapal asing dengan didasarkan bukti permulaan yang cukup ke depannya menjadi sulit untuk dilaksanakan. Tindakan penenggelaman kapal ikan berbendera asing yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum memerlukan uji materiil terhadap Pasal 69 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Perikanan

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ABSTRAK
One form of criminal law enforcement in law of the sea is an act of sinking foreign vessels. Parties whom authorized to do that action are Civil Servant Investigators Fisheries, Investigators Navy officer, and / or Investigator of the Indonesian National Police. Until now, there is no other better way in handling vessels that allegedly used in the crime of fisheries. As stipulated in Article 69 paragraph (4) Indonesia Fisheries Act when in a state of forced major, such as the resistance of the captain or crew of foreign vessels that may endanger the safety of fishery patrol ship, then it could be the reason to burn and sink them. On further developments, sinking ship that was originally intended to provide a deterrent effect, considered less deterrent for the vessels owner. Legal sanction has been given to the captain and chief of engine room crew, but have not been able to ensnare the ship owner because proceedings for the perpetrators of illegal fishing has not ensnare vessel owner and is still constrained weak supervision and a dragged on legal process. In addition, the application of Article 69 paragraph (4) the implementation of a practice cause a lot of distortion and get criticism from various parties including countries that are victims of sinking as in the case of foreign vessel sinking associated with the provisions of international law, especially the UN Convention on the law sea (UNCLOS 1982). Thereby, the content of Article 69 Paragraph (4) Fisheries Act provisions governing foreign vessel sinking with sufficient evidence based on the future becomes difficult to implement. In order for sinking action of foreign fishing vessel could be accounted for by law then it required judicial review of Article 69 paragraph (4) of the Fisheries Act