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Abstrak :
Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus Linneaus, 1758) merupakan komoditi perikanan yang tertinggi ketiga di Indonesia setelah udang dan tuna. Salah satu penyebaran rajungan di Indonesia berada di daerah perairan Teluk Banten. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober dan November 2013, sedangkan data produksi statistik perikanan PPN Karangantu diambil tahun 2003?2012. Produksi rajungan mengalami puncaknya pada tahun 2004 yaitu 326.730 kg dengan CPUE penangkapan sebesar 57.8898. Sedangkan jumlah produksi terendah terjadi pada tahun 2006 dengan jumlah produksi sebesar 19.225 kg serta upaya penangkapan yang dilakukan sebesar 1.998 trip. Untuk hasil perhitungan CPUE yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa nilai CPUE tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2004 yang mencapai 57.8898 kg/kapal, sedangkan nilai CPUE terendah terjadi pada tahun 2011sebesar 2.5902 kg/kapal. Nisbah Kelamin rajungan lebih di dominasi oleh rajungan jantan dari pada rajungan betina dengan perbandingan bulan 2 : 1. Lebar karapas (CW) rajungan berkisar dari 8-11 cm, maka hasil tangkapan rajungan di Teluk Banten melewati ukuran pertama kali matang gonad. Dari analisis rapfis diperoleh nilai keberlanjutan sosial = 36,99% (kurang berkelanjutan), teknologi = 48,82% (kurang berkelanjutan), ekologi = 50,40% (cukup berkelanjutan) dan ekonomi = 58,81% (cukup berkelanjutan). Diagram layang-layang menunjukan rata-rata 48,75% (kurang berkelanjutan). Selanjutnya dilakukan perbaikan nilai atribut yang kurang berkelanjutan pada aspek sosial menjadi 62,61, dan teknologi menjadi 56,21. Hasil untuk perubahan kenaikan atribut per dimensi : 1. Sosial (tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan terhadap lingkungan) 2. Teknologi (lokasi pendaratan dan ukuran kapal rajungan). Untuk perikanan tangkap berkelanjutan komoditas rajungan di Teluk Banten diharapkan adanya penciptaan lapangan kerja alternatif, pemberian modal, teknologi baru, penyuluhan atau sosialisasi habitat rajungandan hukum (aturan zona penangkapan), dan konservasi wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau disekitar perairan Teluk Banten. Pemerintah segera merekomendasikan terbentuknya kawasan ekoregion Teluk Banten sesuai peruntukannya, sehingga untuk komoditas rajungan dapat dilakukan restocking area.

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Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linneaus, 1758) is the third highest commodity fisheries in Indonesia after shrimp and tuna. One crab deployment in Indonesia is in the area of Banten Gulf waters. Fishery statistical production data from years 2003-2012 from PPN Karangantu experienced a peak in 2004 is 326.730 kg with fishing effort for 5.644 trip. While the amount of the lowest production occurred in 2006 with a total production of 19.225 kg and the efforts of 1.998 arrests trip. For the calculation of CPUE that has been done can be seen that the highest CPUE values occurred in 2004 which reached 57.8898 kg/boat, while the lowest CPUE values occurred in 2011 which only reached 2.5902 kg/boat. Sex ratio is more dominated by males crab than females with a ratio of 2: 1, carapace width (CW) ranged from 8 to 11 cm, so the swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linneaus, 1758) in Banten Bay isover first time matured. Rapfishdata analysis obtain that sustainable social value (MDS %) is 36,99%, technology; 48,82 %, ecology; 50,4 % and economy; 58,81%. Obtained a result for the attribute increase change per dimensi is : 1. Social (environment knowledge and education) 2. Technology (location for fish landing and tonage of boat). For sustainable fisheries commodity in Banten Bay crab is expected that the creation of alternative employment, the provision of capital, new technologies, education or socialization crab habitat and the law (arrests zone rules), and conservation of coastal areas and islands around the waters of the Gulf of Banten. The government immediately recommended the formation of Banten Bay area to the given ecoregion, so to commodity restocking areas crabs can be done.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nama : Suci Chandra RiniProgram Studi : Magister Ilmu KelautanJudul : Analisis Keberlanjutan Usaha Pengolahan Ikan Asap di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Asap Kota Probolinggo Provinsi Jawa TimurIkan Kurisi Nemipterus sp. , ikan Kembung Rastrelliger sp. dan ikanPeperek Leiognathus sp. merupakan hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Mayangan Probolinggo dan menjadi bahan baku utama dalam proses produksi ikan asap di Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Asap Kota Probolinggo, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis keberlanjutan meliputi penangkapan, pengolahan dan pemasaran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tren CPUE bahan baku ikan asap, menganalisis keberlanjutan pengolahan ikan asap dan menentukan strategi dalam pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari 2016 sampai April 2016 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Mayangan dan Sentra Pengolahan Ikan Asap Kota Probolinggo. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis CPUE, analisis profitabilitas dan analisis forecasting.Laju tangkap CPUE ikan Kurisi pada tahun 2015 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 6197,79 ton per unit, sedangkan pada tahun yang sama, ikan kembung dan ikan peperek mengalami penurunan masing ndash; masing sebesar 13,67 ton per unit dan 0,494 ton per unit. Berdasarkan analisis profitabilitas, keberlanjutan usaha pengolahan ikan asap cukup menguntungkan. Selain itu, berdasarkan analisis forecasting dapat diprediksi bahwa volume penjualan ikan asap tahun 2016 ndash;2019 mengalami peningkatan. Strategi pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan berkelanjutan di Kota Probolinggo, antara lain penerapan kuota penangkapan, penggunaan alat tangkap ramah lingkungan dan menghindari cara penangkapan destruktife fishing, peningkatan mutu produk dan pengolahan produk bernilai tambah, pemantapan sistem informasi yang terintegrasi dan peningkatan pengawasan di usaha penangkapan.Kata Kunci : Ikan asap, CPUE, analisis profitabilitas, analisis forecasting, strategi keberlanjutan.

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ABSTRACT
Name Suci Chandra RiniStudy Program Master of Marine ScienceTitle Sustainability Analysis on Smoked Fish Processing Business in Smoked Fish Processing Center, Probolinggo, East Java.Kurisi Nemipterus sp. , kembung Rastrelliger sp. and peperek Leiognathussp. are the catch and landed fishes at the Port of Coastal Fisheries Mayangan,Probolinggo and become the main raw material in the production of smoked fish at Sentra Fish Processing Smoke City Probolinggo. The sustainability analysis used includes catching, processing and marketing of the product. The aims of this study were to determine the trend of raw materials CPUE smoked fish, to know the continuity of smoked fish processing, and to analyze the good strategy in the sustainable management of fishery resources. The study was conducted from January 2016 to April 2016 at the Port of Mayangan Coastal Fisheries and Fish Processing Centers Smoke Kota Probolinggo. The research method used were CPUE analysis, profitability analysis, and forecasting analysis.The rate of kurisi catch CPUE in 2015 was increased of 6197.79 tons perunit from 2011, while in the same year, mackerel and fish peperek decreased of 13.67 tons per unit and 0.494 tons per unit. Based on profitability analysis, the sustainability of smoked fish processing business is quite profitable. In addition, based on analysis forecasting it can be predicted that the volume of smoked fish sales have increased year 2016 2019. The strategies of sustainable management of fishery resources in Kota Probolinggo, among others, are to implement of quotas of arrests, to use environmentally friendly fishing gear, to avoid destructive fishing method, to improve quality product, to increase value added product processing, the consolidate of integrated information systems, and to increse surveillance in fishing effort.Keywords smoked fish, CPUE, profitability analysis, forecasting analysis,sustainability strategies.

Abstrak :
Ikan hiu merupakan top predator dalam rantai makanan di laut, sehingga penangkapan ikan hiu secara ekstraktif dikhawatirkan menimbulkan ancaman kelangkaan ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (a) mendeskripsikan teknologi penangkapan ikan hiu yang digunakan nelayan Indramayu; (b) menganalisis pertumbuhan ikan hiu yang tertangkap; (c) mengkaji kecenderungan CPUE hiu; dan (d) menentukan sejumlah pilihan aksi pengelolaan berkelanjutan perikanan hiu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis hubungan panjang bobot ikan, analisis pertumbuhan, analisis CPUE, analisis ekonomi dan A'WOT. Analisis teknik mengungkapkan bahwa penangkapan hiu oleh nelayan Indramayu menggunakan gillnet millenium yang merupakan alat tangkap modifikasi dari jaring insang. Analisis pertumbuhan menghasilkan korelasi antara panjang dan bobot hiu per jenis bersifat allometrik negatif, yang artinya pertumbuhan panjang ikan hiu lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan bobotnya. Analisis CPUE mengungkapkan bahwa trendnya selalu meningkat, dimana musim puncak bulan November - Februari, musim sedang bulan Maret - Juli, dan musim paceklik bulan Agustus - Oktober. Sementara analisis A'WOT menghasilkan strategi peningkatan produksi tangkapan utama, optimalisasi armada penangkapan ikan dalam mendukung industrialisasi dan minapolitan, serta peningkatan fasilitas dan pelayanan PPI Karangsong. ...... Sharks are the top predators in the marine food chain, so that extractively shark fishing is feared to cause the threat scarcity of fish. The purposes of this study are (a) describe the technology of fishing shark that is used in Indramayu; (b) analyze the growth of sharks that were caught; (c) examine the trend of CPUE of sharks; and (d) determine a number options for actions of shark fishing sustainability management. Technical analysis reveal that shark fishing by Indramayu's fishermen that use millennium gillnet which is a modification fishing gear of gillnet. Growth analysis produces a correlation between the length and weight of the sharks that is negative allometric, which means the growth in length of sharks is more dominant than the grow thin weight. CPUE analysis reveal that the trend always increase, where the top season on November to February, the medium season on March to July, and the lack season on August to October. While the A'WOT analysis increasing of main fishing,the optimization of the fishing vessel to support industrialization and minapolitan, and increasing of facility and services in the PPI Karangsong.

Abstrak :
[Ikan layur merupakan salah satu komoditas penting dalam perikanan tangkap di Palabuhanratu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan populasi dan potensi ikan layur. Metode yang digunakan ialah data surplus produksi. Data ikan dibutuhkan untuk menggambarkan dinamika suatu populasi ikan yang dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan, mortalitas, dan migrasi ikan. Dinamika populasi dianalisis dengan paket perangkat lunak FISAT II dan pengkajian potensi lestari dianalisis dengan model surplus produksi MSY. Hasil pengamatan Agustus-September 2014 menunjukkan perubahan kisaran panjang ikan dari kisaran 44,00?96,80 cm menjadi 47,00?97,99 cm dan berat rata-rata ikan berubah dari 285,33 gram menjadi 309,00 gram. Perubahan panjang ikan ini karena ikan mengalami proses pemijahan. Hasil estimasi pada waktu pengamatan memperlihatkan bahwa laju eksploitasi populasi ikan layur belum mencapai tangkap lebih (overfishing) dengan nilai batas tingkat penangkapan dibawah optimum 0,50. Dalam rangka mewujudkan perikanan layur berkelanjutan, disarankan menetapkan musim penangkapan, penambahan upaya dan wilayah tangkapan, serta pendataan berbasis spesies. ......Hairtail is one of the important fish catches in Palabuhanratu waters. This study aims to determine the populations and potential of hairtail. To achieve these objectives, it required accuracy and precision data. Data of fish are needed to describe the dynamics of a fish population which influenced by fish growth, mortality, and migration. The population dynamics is analyzed with FISAT II software package and potential sustainable surplus production is analyzed with MSY production surplus model. The observation result from August to September 2014 showed that fish length range has changed from 44.00-96.8 cm to 47.00-97.99 cm. In similar period, the average weight also changed from 285.33 gram to 309.00 gram. The length changes are apparently due to the process of spawning. Based on the observation, the estimation result shows that the speed of exploitation of hairtail population is yet to reach overfishing fisheries, suggested to fix the fishing season, adding the efforts and fishing zone, also data collection based on species. Hairtail is one of the important fish catches in Palabuhanratu waters. This study aims to determine the populations and potential of hairtail. To achieve these objectives, it required accuracy and precision data. Data of fish are needed to describe the dynamics of a fish population which influenced by fish growth, mortality, and migration. The population dynamics is analyzed with FISAT II software package and potential sustainable surplus production is analyzed with MSY production surplus model. The observation result from August to September 2014 showed that fish length range has changed from 44.00-96.8 cm to 47.00-97.99 cm. In similar period, the average weight also changed from 285.33 gram to 309.00 gram. The length changes are apparently due to the process of spawning. Based on the observation, the estimation result shows that the speed of exploitation of hairtail population is yet to reach overfishing fisheries, suggested to fix the fishing season, adding the efforts and fishing zone, also data collection based on species.;Hairtail is one of the important fish catches in Palabuhanratu waters. This study aims to determine the populations and potential of hairtail. To achieve these objectives, it required accuracy and precision data. Data of fish are needed to describe the dynamics of a fish population which influenced by fish growth, mortality, and migration. The population dynamics is analyzed with FISAT II software package and potential sustainable surplus production is analyzed with MSY production surplus model. The observation result from August to September 2014 showed that fish length range has changed from 44.00-96.8 cm to 47.00-97.99 cm. In similar period, the average weight also changed from 285.33 gram to 309.00 gram. The length changes are apparently due to the process of spawning. Based on the observation, the estimation result shows that the speed of exploitation of hairtail population is yet to reach overfishing fisheries, suggested to fix the fishing season, adding the efforts and fishing zone, also data collection based on species., Hairtail is one of the important fish catches in Palabuhanratu waters. This study aims to determine the populations and potential of hairtail. To achieve these objectives, it required accuracy and precision data. Data of fish are needed to describe the dynamics of a fish population which influenced by fish growth, mortality, and migration. The population dynamics is analyzed with FISAT II software package and potential sustainable surplus production is analyzed with MSY production surplus model. The observation result from August to September 2014 showed that fish length range has changed from 44.00-96.8 cm to 47.00-97.99 cm. In similar period, the average weight also changed from 285.33 gram to 309.00 gram. The length changes are apparently due to the process of spawning. Based on the observation, the estimation result shows that the speed of exploitation of hairtail population is yet to reach overfishing fisheries, suggested to fix the fishing season, adding the efforts and fishing zone, also data collection based on species.]

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menganalisis evaluasi dampak MPA untuk memahami perubahan dan kemajuan implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa penetapan MPA merupakan suatu upaya untuk konservasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga lokasi MPA dan kabupatennya Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan Kabupaten Berau dan kabupaten yang bukan lokasi MPA di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, Sumatera Barat dan Kalimantan Timur untuk analisis mean difference, serta sebanyak 22 kabupaten MPA dan Non MPA tahun 2006-2016 untuk analisis regresi.Hasil analisis CPUE dengan mean difference antara MPA dan kabupaten tempat MPA berada dan analisis dengan membandingkan tingkat CPUE antara kabupaten dengan MPA dan kabupaten tanpa MPA menghasilkan mean CPUE di lokasi MPA yang berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kabupaten tempat MPA. Mean CPUE juga menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda signifikan pada kabupaten yang merupakan lokasi MPA dibandingkan dengan kabupaten yang tidak memiliki MPA. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa penetapan MPA akan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CPUE. Dimana penetapan MPA di kabupaten akan meningkatkan CPUE.

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This study analyzes the MPA impact evaluation to understand the changes and progress of policy implementation. Previous research has suggested that MPA determination is an attempt to conserve. This study used three MPA and district locations Anambas Islands District, Padang Pariaman and Berau Districts and non MPA districts in Riau Islands Province, West Sumatra and East Kalimantan for mean difference analysis, as well as 22 MPA and Non MPA districts of the year 2006 2016 for regression analysis.The result of CPUE analysis with mean difference between MPA and district where MPA is located and analysis by comparing CPUE level between districts with MPA and districts without MPA produces CPUE mean in MPA location which is significantly different compared to district where MPA. Mean CPUE also shows significantly different results in districts that are the location of MPA compared to districts that do not have MPA. The result of regression analysis shows that the determination of MPA will have a significant effect on CPUE. Where the determination of MPA in the district will increase CPUE.

Abstrak :
Secara kuantitas, perikanan demersal adalah produksi utama perikanan pesisir Semarang,. Sedangkan pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan Semarang, termasuk sumberdaya ikan demersal, diduga telah mengalami gejala overfishing. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meneliti gejala overfishing sumberdaya perikanan demersal pesisir Semarang, menganalis s faktor-faklor yang menyebabkan overfishing serta menganalisis tingkat pemanfaatan yang optimal sumberdaya perikanan demersal di perairan pesisir Semarang dengan pendekatan Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), Open Access Equilibrium (OAE) dan Maximum Econc mic Yield (MEY). Kegiatan utama penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan dan penyusunan data Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) perikanan demersal beserta upaya penangkapan (trip) yang diurutkan secara runtut waktu (time series). Data CPUE dan upaya penangkapan yang digunakan adalah data setelah dilakukan standarisasi alat tangkap dengan alat tangkap dogol sebagai basis. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji stasioneritas terhadap data CPUE perikanan demersal dan upaya penangkapan terstandarisasi. Kemudian dilakukan pendugaan parameter (a dan b), serta survei mengenai rata-rata harga ikan demersal dan biaya per trip alat tangkap dogol. Selanjutnya dilakukan penghitungan tingkat pemanfaatan yang optimal sumberdaya perikanan demersal dengan pendekatan MSY, DAE dan MEY. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perikanan demersal pesisir Semarang telah mengalami overfishing yang dimulai pada tahun 1596. Faktor penyebab overfishing adalah operasi penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, prnggunaar slat tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan degradasi lingkungan perairan pes sir Serr arang. Berdasarkan pendekatan MSY, tingkat pemanfaatan optimal sumberdaya ikan demersal di perairan pesisir Semarang adalah catch 2.091 tonltahun dan effort 843 trip dogol/tahun, , sedangkan berdasarkan pendekatan UAE, tingkat pemanfaatan optimal adalah catch 127 ton/tahun dan effort 1661 trip dogolltahun, Berdasarkan pendekatan MEY, tingkat pemanfaatan optimal adalah catch 2.090 tonltahun dan effort 830 trip dogolltahun. Pendekatan MEY terbukti paling optimal dalam menghasilkan rente atau profit terbesar dan tetap memperhatikan aspek kelestarian karena tingkat pemanfantannya tidak melampaui MSY.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai tambah dan profitabilitas ikan layang menjadi produk olahan yang diperoleh pengolah, besarnya distribusi dan margin rantai nilai di sepanjang rantai nilai ikan layang, kondisi rantai nilai ikan layang di setiap pelaku usaha dan kecenderungan hasil Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) yang ditangkap di Perairan Laut Jawa. Usaha pengolahan ikan layang di PPI Muara Angke memperoleh keuntungan walaupun masih dilakukan secara tradisional atau sederhana. Pengolahan ikan layang menjadi produk olahan yang dihasilkan yaitu ikan asin, ikan pindang, dan ikan asap. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey, serta melakukan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 28 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa margin pembentuk rantai nilai terhadap produk olahan, nilai tambah dan profitabilitas dari produk olahan ikan layang tertinggi adalah ikan asap. Hal ini dikarenakan ikan asap menghasilkan total penerimaan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ikan asin, dan ikan pindang. Distribusi rantai nilai ikan layang meliputi nelayan, pengolah, pedagang, dan konsumen. Kecenderungan CPUE terhadap penangkapan ikan layang mengalami penurunan. Untuk meningkatkan keberlangsungan usaha pengolah di Muara Angke perlu melakukan diversifikasi produk dengan menggunakan bahan baku selain ikan layang.

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ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to determine the value added and profitability of this existing scad fish process products, the magnitude and distribution of value chain margin along the value chain scad fish, scad fish value chain condition in every business, and establish a trend CPUE results caught in the waters of the Java sea. The results of this study should that scad fish processing industry has been profited a good profit althought it has been done in traditional way. Scad fish processing into refined products products are salted fish, preserved fish, dan smoked fish. The research method in this study using a survey method, and doing interviews using questionnaires to 28 respondents. The results showed that the margin forming on the product value chain processed, value added and profitability of processed fish products is the highest scad fish is smoked fish. This is because the smoked fish generate total revenues greater than the salted fish and preserved fish. Distribution of scad fish value chain includes fishermen, producers, traders, and consumers. CPUE trend fishing decreased scad fish. To improve business continuity processes, Muara Angke need to diversify their products by using raw materials other than scad fish.;The objectives of this study were to determine the value added and profitability of this existing scad fish process products, the magnitude and distribution of value chain margin along the value chain scad fish, scad fish value chain condition in every business, and establish a trend CPUE results caught in the waters of the Java sea. The results of this study should that scad fish processing industry has been profited a good profit althought it has been done in traditional way. Scad fish processing into refined products products are salted fish, preserved fish, dan smoked fish. The research method in this study using a survey method, and doing interviews using questionnaires to 28 respondents. The results showed that the margin forming on the product value chain processed, value added and profitability of processed fish products is the highest scad fish is smoked fish. This is because the smoked fish generate total revenues greater than the salted fish and preserved fish. Distribution of scad fish value chain includes fishermen, producers, traders, and consumers. CPUE trend fishing decreased scad fish. To improve business continuity processes, Muara Angke need to diversify their products by using raw materials other than scad fish.;The objectives of this study were to determine the value added and profitability of this existing scad fish process products, the magnitude and distribution of value chain margin along the value chain scad fish, scad fish value chain condition in every business, and establish a trend CPUE results caught in the waters of the Java sea. The results of this study should that scad fish processing industry has been profited a good profit althought it has been done in traditional way. Scad fish processing into refined products products are salted fish, preserved fish, dan smoked fish. The research method in this study using a survey method, and doing interviews using questionnaires to 28 respondents. The results showed that the margin forming on the product value chain processed, value added and profitability of processed fish products is the highest scad fish is smoked fish. This is because the smoked fish generate total revenues greater than the salted fish and preserved fish. Distribution of scad fish value chain includes fishermen, producers, traders, and consumers. CPUE trend fishing decreased scad fish. To improve business continuity processes, Muara Angke need to diversify their products by using raw materials other than scad fish., The objectives of this study were to determine the value added and profitability of this existing scad fish process products, the magnitude and distribution of value chain margin along the value chain scad fish, scad fish value chain condition in every business, and establish a trend CPUE results caught in the waters of the Java sea. The results of this study should that scad fish processing industry has been profited a good profit althought it has been done in traditional way. Scad fish processing into refined products products are salted fish, preserved fish, dan smoked fish. The research method in this study using a survey method, and doing interviews using questionnaires to 28 respondents. The results showed that the margin forming on the product value chain processed, value added and profitability of processed fish products is the highest scad fish is smoked fish. This is because the smoked fish generate total revenues greater than the salted fish and preserved fish. Distribution of scad fish value chain includes fishermen, producers, traders, and consumers. CPUE trend fishing decreased scad fish. To improve business continuity processes, Muara Angke need to diversify their products by using raw materials other than scad fish.]