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Abstrak :
This study explores the consumption practices of the landed aristocracy of Georgian England. Focusing on three families and analysing account books, receipted bills, household inventories, diaries, and correspondence, it charts their spending patterns during the so-called consumer revolution of the eighteenth century. Generally examined through the lens of middling families, homes, and motivations, this book explores the ways in which the aristocracy were engaged in this wider transformation of English society. Analysis centres on the goods that the aristocracy purchased, both luxurious and mundane; the extent to which they pursued fashionable modes and goods; the role that family and friends played in shaping notions of taste; the influence of gender on taste and refinement; the geographical reach of provisioning and the networks that lay behind this consumer activity; and the way this all contributed to the construction of the country house. The country house thus emerges as much more than a repository of luxury and splendour: it lay at the heart of complex networks of exchange, sociability, demand, and supply. Exploring these processes and relationships serves to reanimate the country house, making it an active site of consumption rather than simply an expression of power and taste, and drawing it into the mainstream of consumption histories. At the same time, the landed aristocracy are shown to be rounded consumers, driven by values of thrift and restraint as much as extravagant desires, and valuing the old as well as the new, not least as markers of their pedigree and heritance.

Abstrak :
Periode1901-1914 di Inggris sering disebut juga sebagai “era Edwardian”. Pada masa ini kesenjangan sosial antara masyarakat ekonomi kelas atas dengan masyarakat ekonomi kelas bawah sangat terlihat dengan jelas. Masyarakat kelas atas dapat menginvestasikan harta yang dimiliki untuk membeli tanah yang luas dan membangun rumah mewah, sementara masyarakat kelas bawah harus bekerja keras untuk bertahan hidup. Demi bertahan hidup, tercatat lebih dari satu juta masyarakat Inggris pada era Edwardian yang memilih untuk bekerja sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di rumah kaum kelas menengah sampai rumah kaum kelas atas. Untuk dapat memahami kelas-kelas sosial masyarakat Inggris pada era Edwardian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kehidupan orang-orang yang tinggal dalam satu rumah mewah bangsawan ada pada serial TV Inggris, Downton Abbey (2010), dapat merepresentasikan kelaskelas sosial yang ada pada sosial hirerarki Inggris pada tahun 1901-1914 di Inggris. Dengan menggunakan teori representasi oleh Hall (1997) dan juga konsep sinematografi dan mise-en-scene oleh Broadwell dan Thompson (2013), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kelas-kelas sosial Inggris dapat direpresentasikan oleh keluarga dan pembantu rumah tangga yang tinggal pada rumah mewah bangsawan di era Edwardian. Kemudian, perbedaann antara arsitektur dan interior pada rumah mewah bangsawan yanv memisahkan ruang “atas” dan ruang “bawah” mengilustrasikan kesenjangan yang kuat antara kelas-kelas sosial pada era Edwardian. Terakhir, artikel ini menemukan bahwa rumah mewah bangsawan pada era Edwardian bukan hanya tempat bagi keluarga kelas atas untuk hidup, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai simbol kekayaan dan kekuatan politik sang pemilik rumah. Dengan demikian, keadaan kelas-kelas sosial di Inggris pada tahun 1901-1914 dapat direpresentasikan melalui kehidupan orang-orang yang tinggal pada rumah mewah bangsan pada serial TV, Downton Abbey. ......The years between 1901 and 1914 in Britain, or often called the “Edwardian era,” comprise the period which is characterized by the tremendous gap between the rich and poor. The upper-class were able to invest their money on land and build a luxurious country house (s) while the lower-class struggled just to stay alive. In order to survive, more than one million people in Edwardian era England chose to work as domestic servants in the upper-middle-class’ up to the upper-class’ homes. To discern the impact of social hierarchy towards Edwardian society, this research aims to examine the lives of people from different social classes within English country houses, and how the house itself can symbolize social status in the hierarchy. This analysis will focus on the way people from different levels of the social ladder manage to live within an Edwardian country house named “Downton,” depicted in the first season of British TV series, Downton Abbey (2010). Based on Hall’s (1997) theory of representation, and also Broadwell and Thompson’s (2013) concept of cinematography and mise-en-scene, this research has found that the condition of the English social classes can be observed through the way people live in an Edwardian country house. Moreover, the differences between architecture and interior design of country house’s “upstairs” and “downstairs” area illustrate the stark social gap between social classes in the Edwardian era. Lastly, this article has found that the English country house in the Edwardian era is not merely a place for rich people to live in, but also a symbol of the upper-social status and political power. Thus, the social condition in the 1901 to 1914 England can be observed through the way people live within a country house that depicted in the TV series, Downton Abbey.