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Abstrak :
Project Risk and Cost Analysis focuses on risk in the context of project management, primarily in the area of risk’s effects on project costs, with emphasis on the many modern tools that help you and your organization quantify and manage project risk. You will learn how to perform a formal risk and cost analysis, apply the Earned Value Method to risk management, and adjust schedule and budget reserves appropriately for your project conditions.;

Abstrak :
Jumlah pasien gagal ginjal terminal di Indonesia terus meningkat. Peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi dan diabetes adalah salah satu kontributor peningkatan kasus penyakit gagal ginjal kronik. Meskipun Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) telah diperkenalkan sebagai terapi pengganti ginjal CAPD masih jarang digunakan dan hemodialisa masih merupakan tindakan mayoritas yang dipilih di Indonesia. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk melakukan analisa efektivitas biaya antara HD dan CAPD. Penelitian membandingkan 78 pasien HD di RS PMI Bogor dan 10 pasien CAPD di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Kualitas hidup pasien menggunakan kuisoner SF 36. Beban ekonomi untuk biaya langsung medis menggunakan tarif INA CBGs dan biaya lainnya menggunakan kuisoner beban ekonomi. Biaya total hemodialisa setahun adalah Rp 133.396.692,- dan Rp 81.680.000,- untuk CAPD. 46,2% pasien hemodialisa mempunyai kualitas hidup baik dan 90% pasien CAPD mempunyai kualitas hidup baik. Analisa Bivariat menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien CAPD terbukti siknifikan pada aspek peran fisik, emosi, rasa nyeri, energi, fungsi sosial dan kesehatan jiwa. CAPD lebih cost efektif dibandingkan HD dengan nilai ICER adalah Rp 2.032.889,- untuk setiap ekstra peran emosi lebih baik dan Rp 1.780.265,- untuk setiap ekstra peran fisik lebih baik serta dominan untuk biaya dan kualitas hidup pada CE Plan. ......Number of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Indonesia is growing. The increased prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus is a contributor to the increase in patients with CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease). Ever since Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) was intoduced as a form of renal replacement therapy, CAPD still small number of users and Haemodilysis still constitute the majority of renal replacement therapy in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to analize the cost effectiveness between HD and CAPD on ESRD patients. Study compared 78 HD patients at PMI Hospital in Bogor and 10 CAPD patients at Fatmawati Hospital in Jakarta. Patient quality of life interviewed by SF 36 questionnaire. Economic burden divided in two measurement. Direct medical cost measured by INA CBGs packet, direct non medical cost (transportation, food for patient and family) and indirect medical cost (opportunity cost) will be measure by economic burden questionnaire. Haemodialysis total cost per year is Rp 133.396.692,- and Rp 81.680.000,- for CAPD. 46,2% Haemodialysis patient has good quality of life and 90% for CAPD. Bivariat analysis showed Quality of life CAPD patient significant in phisical activities, emotional, pain, energy, sosial function and sanity. CAPD is cost effective compare to HD with ICER Rp 2.032.889,- for ekstra better emotional role and Rp 1.780.265,- for ekstra better phisical role and dominant for cost and quality of life at CE Plan Key words: cost effectiveness analysis, Haemodialysis, CAPD

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder mengenai pengobatan demam tifoid anak. Sebanyak 97 penderita diberi pengobatan antibiotika kloramfenikol dan 49 persen diberikan seftriakson. Usia pasien berkisar antara 1-15 tahun. Lama perawatan di rumah sakit berkisar antara 3-12 hari, dengan rata-rata hari rawat 4.408 hari untuk pasien anak yang diberikan seftriakso dan 6.598 hari untuk pasien anak yang diberikan kloramfenikol. Pada analisis efektivitas biaya pengobatan demam tifoid pada anak menunjukkan seftriakson lebih efektif biaya dibandingkan dengan kloramfenikol

Analysis of the Cost Effectivity in Treating Typhoid Fever in Children with Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone in Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta 2001 – 2002. This study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data related to treatment of typhoid fever in childhood. A total of 97 patients received chloramphenicol and 45 patients received ceftriaxone. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 15 years. Length of stay in hospital range from 3 to 12 days (mean 4,408 days for patients receiving ceftriaxone and 6,598 days for patients receiving chloramphenicol). Ceftriaxone is a more cost effective alternative drug compared to chloramphenicol to treat typhoid fever in childhood.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi membawa program imunisasi ke dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan yang bermutu dan efisien. Upaya terscbut didukung dengan kemajuan yang pesat dalam penemuan vaksin baru. Kemajuan lainnya adalah menggabungkan beberapa jenis vaksin dalam satu kemasan/vial. Salah satu vaksin tersebut adalah Vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo, yang mcrupakan kombinasi antara vaksin DPT dan Hepatitis B. Kabupaten Tangerang masih menggunakan 3 jenis vaksin dalarn imunisasi DPT dan Hepatitis B, yaitu vaksin DPT, Hepatitis B Vial dan DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Sejauh ini belum diketahui vaksin mana yang lebih cost Mctive antara DPT dan Hepatitis B Vial dengan DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui vaksin manakah yang lebih cost effective dalam pelaksanaan imunisasi DPT dan Hepatitis B di Kabupaten Tangerang. Peneilitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Cisoka yang menggunakan vaksin DPT dari Hepatitis B Vial, dan Puskesmas Jayanti yang menggunakan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Operasional Research, dasar penilaian Cost effectiveness menggunakan sistem atau metode Acifivily Based Costing (ABC). Hasil penclitian menunjukkan bahwa niiai Cost Ejjieclive Rario (CER) penggunaan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Vial lebih besar dibandingkan dengan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo, yaitu CER berdasarkan cakupan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Vial scbcsar Rp. 151.981 dan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo sebesar Rp. 85.l27. CBR Indeks pemakaian Vaksin DPT » Hepatitis B Vial scbcsar Rp. 21.788470 dan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo scbcsar Rp. 2l.2l7.8l9. CER berdasarkan dosis vaksin terbuang vaksin DPT -» Hepatitis B vial sebesar Rp. 16,510,787 dan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo sebesar Rp. 7.0~'l4.23l. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa vaksin DPT -» Hepatitis B Combo lebih murah dibandingkan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Berdasarkan hasil peneiitian disarankan khususnya kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Tangerang agar menggunakan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo dalam pelaksanaan imunisasi DPT dan Hepatitis B.

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Development of science and technology brought immunization program into qualitative and efficiently services management. lt supported by vast progress in finding new vaccine. Other development is gathering various vaccines in one vial. One of the vaccines is DPT Vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo, that representing combination between DPT vaccine and Hepatitis B. Tangerang Regency still utilized three types of vaccine in immunization DPT and Hepatitis B, there are DPT vaccine, Hepatitis B Vial and DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Meanwhile, didn?t know yet whether vaccine is most effective costly between DPT and Hepatitis B Vial with DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. This research conducted to recognize which vaccine is more cost effective in conducting DPT immunization and Hepatitis B at Tangerang Regency. This research conducted in Cisoka Puskesrnas that use DPT vaccine and Hepatitis B Vial, and Jayanti Puskesmas that use DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo. Research designed utilized operational research. Bases on Cost Effectiveness asses? system or method activity based costing (ABC). Research result shows that Cost EiTective Ratio (CER) using DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial value is higher that DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo, which is CER based on coverage of DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial as much as Rp. 151.981 and DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as much as Rp. 85.l27. CER Index of using DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial as much as Rp. 2l.788.4'70 and DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as much as Rp. 21.2l7.819. CER based on wasted vaccine dose of DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial as much as Rp. 16.5lO.787 and DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as much as Rp. 7.044.23l. This result shows that DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo is more lower at cost. Based on research result, suggested to, especially, Health Agency Tangerang Regency use DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as altemative vaccine in conducting DPT immunization and Hepatitis B.