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"American Corrections: Theory, Research, Policy, and Practice is a comprehensive textbook containing both classic and cutting-edge contemporary data drawing from the fields of criminology, criminal justice, sociology, psychology, government, and public policy. This text broadly covers the relevant introductory topics of corrections to provide readers with a thorough understanding of the essential material to facilitate their education and interest in applied or academic careers in corrections. The hallmark of American Corrections: Theory, Research, Policy, and Practice is its position that the corrections domain is, in theory and practice, a system for risk management. By demonstrating that correctional systems balance public safety with providing effective treatment and supervision to offenders, this text tells the story of corrections within a coherent and applied framework"

"The history of criminal justice in the United States is often described as a pendulum, swinging back and forth between strict punishment and lenient rehabilitation. While this view is common wisdom, it is wrong. In Breaking the Pendulum, Philip Goodman, Joshua Page, and Michelle Phelps debunk the pendulum perspective, showing that it distorts how and why criminal justice changes. The pendulum model blinds us to the blending of penal orientations, policies, and practices, as well as the struggle among actors who shape laws, institutions, and how we think about crime, punishment, and related issues.Through a reanalysis of more than 200 years of penal history, starting with the rise of penitentiaries in the nineteenth century and ending with ongoing efforts to roll back mass incarceration, the authors offer an alternative approach to conceptualizing penal development. Their agonistic perspective posits that struggle is the motor force of criminal justice history. Punishment expands, contracts, and morphs because of contestation between real people in real contexts, not a mechanical swing of the pendulum. This alternative framework is far more accurate and empowering than metaphors that ignore or downplay the importance of struggle in shaping criminal justice.This clearly written, engaging book is an invaluable resource for teachers, students, and scholars seeking to understand the past, present, and future of criminal justice in the United States. By demonstrating the central role of struggle in generating major transformations, Breaking the Pendulum encourages combatants to keep fighting to change the system."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model struktur kecepatan gelombang P, koreksi stasiun dan kajian tektonik tiga wilayah BMG ( BMG Wilayah I - III ). Model struktur kecepatan dan koreksi stasiun ditentukan dengan metoda inversi kuadrat terkecil. Sedangkan kajian tektonik dilakukan berdasarkan analisis distribusi hiposenter dan stres gempa dari data mekanisme fokus.Model struktur kecepatan yang dihasilkan umumnya lebih cepat dari pada model struktur Jeffrey-Mien maupun model Curray dan Fauzi kecuali pada kedalaman 0-34 km. Kecepatan gelombang P pada kedalaman 0-34 km untuk BMG Wilayah I lebih lambat dari pada BMG Wilayah II dan lebih Iambat dari pada BMG Wilayah III. Koreksi stasiun berkisar antara -0,96 hingga 0,22 detik untuk BMG Wilayah I, -0,19 hingga 0,43 detik untuk BMG Wilayah II dan -0,23 hingga 0,10 detik untuk BMG Wilayah III.Kemiringan penunjaman lempeng tektonik BMG Wilayah I berkisar antara 44 ° - 50 0, BMG Wilayah II antara 53 ° - 65 ° , sedangkan BMG Wilayah III antara 60 ° - 65 Stres gempa BMG Wilayah I bagian Tenggara cenderung berarah Selatan Barat Daya - Utara Timur Laut dan berubah ke Barat Laut - Tenggara di bagian Barat Laut. Pada bagian Barat BMG Wilayah II stres gempa cenderung berarah Selatan Barat Daya - Utara Timur Laut dan semakin ke Timur bergeser ke arah Barat Laut - Tenggara. Sedangkan di BMG Wilayah III mempunyai dua pola, yang cenderung berarah Timur - Barat pada daerah yang makin ke Timur, yang mungkin disebabkan oleh perubahan arah penunjaman.Stres gempa yang dominan pada BMG Wilayah I kedalaman 0 - 150 km adalah down dip compression, pada BMG Wilayah II kedalaman 0 - 100 km adalah down dip compression , dan pada kedalaman 100 - 300 km adalah down dip tension . Sedangkan pada BMG Wilayah III kedalaman 0 - 100..km adalah down dip compression, 100 300km down dip tension dan pada kedalaman yang lebih dari 300 kin adalah down dip ' compression.

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ABSTRACT

Velocity Structures, Station Corrections And Study For The Tectonic Of Three Meteorological And Geophysical Regions (Sumatera, Java And Nusatenggara)We have determined the model of P-wave velocity structures, station corrections and study for the tectonic of three Meteorological and Geophysical Regions ( Region I, II and III). P-wave velocity structures and station corrections have been computed by the method of the least-squares inversion , whereas the tectonic research has been done by analysis of hypocenters and stress distributions.

The obtained velocity structure model was lower than.the model of Jeffrey-Sullen, or Curray and Fauzi for 0 - 34 km deep and faster for the deeper layer. P-wave velocity at 0-34 km deep for the Region I was lower than the Region II and Region III. The station corrections were obtained -0.96 to 0.22 seconds for the Region I , -0.19 to 0.44 seconds for the Region II and -0.23 to 0.10 seconds for the Region III.

The dipping of the tectonic plate of Region I was 44°-50 °, Region II was 53 0-65 ° and Region III was 60 °-65 °. Stresses at Southeast of Region I had trend to Southsouthwest - Northnortheast direction and changed to Northwest-Southeast at Northwestern part. In the Western of Region II stresses had trend to South southwest - Northnortheast and changed to Northwest - Southeast at the Eastern part, while in Region III had two patterns with trend to East - West direction at Eastern part, due to the change of direction of subduction.

In Region I the down-dip compression dominated the slab down to the depth of 150 km. In Region II the down-dip compression dominated the slab down to the depth of 100 km, while down-dip tension occured at 100 to 300 km deep. In Region III the down-dip compression dominated the slab down to the depth of 100 km,down-diptensions dominated the slab from 100.to 300 km deep, while below this depth the earthquakes were dominated by the down-dip compression."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proses pemeriksaan pajak atas utang tanpa bunga dari pemegang saham yang dilakukan oleh tim pemeriksa pajak KPP Pratama Jakarta Kemayoran disertai penjelasan mengenai peraturan yang mengatur tata cara pemeriksaan dan peraturan terkait utang tanpa bunga dari pemegang saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yaitu wawancara dengan pemeriksa pajak yang melakukan pemeriksaan atas pinjaman tanpa bunga dari pemegang saham di PT. A dan pendapat dari konsultan yang paham dengan studi perpajakan dan data sekunder yaitu data dokumen pemeriksaan pajak PT. A dan peraturan perpajakan yang terkait. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara umum prosedur pemeriksaan yang dilakukan oleh tim pemeriksa pajak sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik namun belum menggunakan prinsip deductible-taxable dalam melakukan koreksi pajak.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the tax audit procedure on debt without interest from shareholders that was conducted by KPP Pratama Jakarta Kemayoran’s tax auditors team accompanied by the explanation of the regulations governing audit process and regulations related to debt without interest from shareholders. This study uses a qualitative method using primary data which is interviews with the tax auditors who conduct the audit of debt without interest from shareholders in PT. A and consultant’s opinion who understands tax studies and secondary data which is PT. A’s tax audit documents and related tax regulations. The results of the study concluded that the audit procedures carried out by the tax auditors team had been carried out properly but had not used the deductible-taxable principle in making the tax corrections"