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Abstrak :
Kompetensi sosial anak prasekolah perlu dioptimalkan karena interaksi sosial yang terjalin semakin beragam. Beberapa studi menunjukkan cool executive function yaitu working memory, inhibitory control, dan cognitive flexibility berkontribusi pada perkembangan kompetensi sosial, tetapi sayangnya masih sedikit intervensi yang menyasar executive function dan kompetensi sosial. Penelitian bertujuan melihat efektivitas intervensi cool executive function untuk meningkatkan kompetensi sosial anak prasekolah di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode convenience sampling dan snowball sampling digunakan untuk merekrut partisipan. Penelitian eksperimental ini terdiri dari 1 sesi pretest, 5 sesi intervensi, dan 1 sesi posttest berdurasi sekitar 40 menit dan dilakukan secara daring. Terdapat 33 partisipan di kelompok eksperimen dan 31 partisipan di kelompok kontrol yang terbagi secara acak. Orang tua partisipan diminta mengisi kuesioner Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale – Skala A pada sesi pre-test dan post-test sebagai pengukuran. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) dengan mengontrol skor pre-test kompetensi sosial partisipan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh intervensi yang signifikan setelah mengontrol efek dari skor pre-test kompetensi sosial. Disimpulkan bahwa intervensi yang disusun belum dapat meningkatkan kompetensi sosial anak prasekolah. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat memberikan kesempatan interaksi kepada anak secara langsung dan mengukur peningkatan cool executive function dengan alat ukur performance yang dapat diadministrasikan secara daring. ......Preschool children's social competence needs to be optimized because of the increasing variety of social interactions. Several studies have shown cool executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility) influenced the development of social competence, but unfortunately there’s only few interventions targeting executive function and social competence. The purpose of this study was examining the effectiveness of cool executive function intervention to improve preschool children’s social competence during pandemic COVID-19. Convenience and snowball sampling method were used to recruit the participants. This exeperimental research consist of 1 pretest, 5 intervention, and 1 posttest session conducted online within approximately 40 minutes long. There were 33 participants in experiment group and 31 participants in control group clustered randomly. Parents were asked to fill Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale – Scale A questionnaire. Data were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by controlling the social competence pretest scores. Result showed there was no significant effect of the intervention and concluded that the intervention has not been able to improve the social competence. Further research is expected to provide opportunities for direct social interaction among children and could measure the increase of cool executive function with performance measurement tools that can be administered online.

Abstrak :
Penelitian sebelumnya telah memperoleh hasil bahwa parental control merupakan salah satu pengasuhan orang tua yang berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan cool executive function EF , yaitu kemampuan kognitif tingkat tinggi yang dapat mendukung kesiapan sekolah anak prasekolah. Namun, kebanyakan penelitian sebelumnya hanya mengukur kontrol orang tua dalam bentuk verbal pada ibu, padahal kontrol orang tua juga dapat muncul dalam bentuk perilaku dan ayah juga memiliki peran dalam pengasuhan. Penelitian korelasional ini dilakukan untuk melihat kontribusi setiap aspek dalam kontrol verbal command, indirect command, dan prohibitions dan kontrol perilaku physical support, modeling, dan physical discipline dari ayah dan ibu terhadap komponen dalam cool EF inhibitory control, working memory, dan cognitive flexibility . Sejumlah 61 partisipan anak diberikan tiga tes yang mengukur komponen cool EF dan strategi kontrol orang tua diukur dengan sesi bermain orang tua dengan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah aspek strategi kontrol dari ayah maupun ibu berkorelasi signifikan dengan komponen dalam cool EF anak, bahkan setelah pengaruh jenis kelamin anak, usia anak, dan SSE dikontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orang tua dapat menggunakan strategi kontrol yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan perkembangan cool EF anak usia prasekolah. ......Previous studies had found that parental control is an aspect of parenting that contribute to cool executive function EF development, a set of higher order cognitive skills that can promote preschool children's school readiness. But, most of the previous studies measured only mother regulatory language or mother's verbal control strategies, even though parental control can also be emerged as regulatory behavior, and father also has role in parenting. The current study investigated the contribution of every aspects in parent regulatory language command, indirect command, and prohibitions and parent regulatory behavior physical support, modeling, and physical discipline from both father and mother in relation to components of preschool children's cool EF inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility . 61 participants were given three performance tests that assessed cool EF and parental control strategies were assessed through parent child play session. The result revealed that some aspects of both father control strategies and mother control strategies had significant correlations with components of child's cool EF, even after the influences of child's gender, child's age and SES were controlled. This study pointed out that parent can use appropriate control strategies to optimize child's cool EF development.

Abstrak :
Beberapa penelitian telah menemukan adanya hubungan antara kompetensi social dan executive function, namun masih terdapat inkonsistensi hubungan antara komponenkomponen di dalamnya. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kontribusi dari komponen hot dan cool dalam executive function, dan factor jenis kelamin dalam memprediksi kompetensi sosial pada anak usia 60-72 bulan. Pengukuran kompetensi sosial dilakukan melalui kuesioner PKBS SKala A yang telah diadaptasi dalam bahasa Indonesia. Pengukuran executive function dilakukan melalui tes performa pada battery task Backward Word Span, Rumput/Matahari, Dimension Change Card Sort, dan Gift Delay. Metode statistik inferensial yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah independent sample t-test, dan standard multiple regression. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik faktor jenis kelamin, maupun komponen hot dan cool executive function tidak dapat memprediksi kompetensi sosial pada anak usia 60-72 bulan secara signifikan. Meskipun begitu, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan korelasi yang signifikan antara komponen hot executive function dengan faktor jenis kelamin dan kompetensi sosial pada anak usia 60-72 bulan. ...... Few researches had found correlation between social competence and executive function, though there had also been inconsistency in between. This research was conducted to investigate the contribution of hot and cool executive function, and factor of sex in predicting social competence on 60-72 months children. Social competence was measured using PKBS Skala A which consisted of 34 items. Executive function was measured using performance battery test which consisted of Backward Word Span, Rumput/Matahari, Dimension Change Card Sort, and Gift Delay task. Inferential statistic method used in this research were independent sample t-test, and standard multiple regression. The result showed that there was no significant contribution of sex, hot and cool executive function in predicting social competence on 60-72 months children. However the result also showed that there was a significant correlation between hot executive function and sex, and between hot executive function and social competence on 60-72 months children.