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"The 1997-1999 currency crises series was a major shock to Indonesian economy. The crises had damaged Indonesian economy, since economic growth declined sharply and Indonesian banking system was in collapse. Should the monetary authority and business practitioners anticipated the currency crises, the social loss caused by it could be reduced. Learning from past mistakes, an early warning system to predict the possibility of currency crises occurrence in the near future is needed.This study applies the leading indicator approach to construct early warning system of currency crisis for Indonesia, both by using individual and composite leading indicators. A currency crises in this study is defined as any observation of exchange market pressure {EMI') over EMPs mean plus one time of EMPs standard deviation. Meanwhile, the threshold level for indicator's signal issuance is set to leave 20% best observations. Each indicator's performance is measured by using three criteria: (I) percentage of correctly called crises; (2) adjusted noise to signal ratio; and (3) probability of crisis following a signal.Results from this study show that there are five best individual indicators that can fulfil all of the criteria: (1) Rupiah REER misalignment over its trend value; (2) Deposit Money Banks' foreign assets growth; (3) financial account surplus; (4) base money growth; and (5) financial account surplus to GDP ratio. From the best individual indicators, 17 best composite indicators can be constructed. The first best composite indicator is the "VW', which is a direct combination of "Rupiah REER misalignment over its trend" and "Deposit Money Banks' foreign assets growth"."

"Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengaplikasikan penggunaan Project Risk Analysis software dengan tujuan yakni untuk mendapatkan contingency value estimasi biaya konstruksi bangunan gedung. Penelitian ini nienghasilkan nilai persentase contingency dengan penekanan pada usaha untuk meningkatkan level akurasinya. Pendekatan ini dilakukan karena besarnya pengaruh ketidakpastian terhadap estimasi biaya tahap desain (approximate estimate) yang didalam pelaksanaannya rentan terhadap faktor-faktor risiko sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya unnecessary cost. Metode yang digunakan untuk membantu menganalisis data biaya proyek konstruksi yang telah ada guna mencapai tujuan di atas adalah dengan menggunakan elemental cost analysis (penganalisaan biaya per elemen), Monte Carlo simulation technique (teknik simulasi Monte Carlo), cumulative statistical analysis (penganalisaan statistik kurnulatif) dan contingency analysis (penganalisaan kontingensi).Sebagian besar penelitian ini dilakukan dengan bantuan software yakni SPSS v.11.0, Crystal Ball v.5.0 dan Project Risk Analysis v.2.1. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ialah didapat besaran nilai persentase ideal yang dapat menambah tingkat akurasi estimasi biaya RAB tahap desain. Pada selisih tingkat akurasi RAB tahap desain dengan RAB tahap lelang yang terdahulu angka selisihnya berkisar 10-15%, setelah didapat angka yang ideal dari penelitian ini antara lain 7% (nilai Modus dari sederet angka-angka yang terdiri dari 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, dan 9%), maka selisih angka biaya keduanya menjadi makin kecil yakni 3-8% untuk angka 7%; 6-11%(4%); 5-10%(5%); 4-9%(6%); 2-7%(8%) dan 1-6%(9%). Diharapkan hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai pedonian dalam penempatan contingency, alat checking untuk cost control, tendering process, bid price strategy serta khususnya untuk menentukan, mengolah dan mengendalikan estinasi biaya konstruksi proyek bangunan gedung tahap desain."

"ABSTRACTKhruba (venerable monks) have consistently played a meaningful role in local Buddhist communities of Northern Thai culture for generations. While today's khruba continue to represent themselves as followers of Khruba Siwichai and Lan Na Buddhism, in fact over the past three decades they have flourished by adopting heterogeneous beliefs and practices in the context of declining influence of the sangha and popular Buddhism. In order to respond to social and cultural transformations and to fit in with different expectations of people, modern khruba construct charisma through different practices besides the obvious strictness in dhamma used to explain the source of khruba's charisma in Lan Na Buddhist history. The ability to integrate local Buddhist traditions with the spirit of capitalism-consumerism and gain a large number of followers demonstrates that khruba is still a meaningful concept that plays a crucial role in modern Buddhist society, particularly in Thailand. By employing concepts of charisma, production of translocalities, and popular Buddhism and prosperity religion, it can be argued that khruba is steeped in local knowledge, yet the concept has never been linear and static. Modern khruba can be interpreted and consumed in many ways by diverse groups of people. This is also considered a key success of modern khruba and their proliferation during the past three decades in Thailand. Data were collected in 2015-16 through in-depth interviews and participatory observation as part of the author's PhD dissertation at Chiang Mai University, Thailand."

"Skripsi ini mengupas bagaimana pengonstruksian sense of place melalui mengalami ruang dapat membentuk interioritas virtual. Pembahasan terkait kehadiran tubuh, sensori taktil dan non-taktil, stimuli elemen ruang, serta pembentukan persepsi pada pikiran manusia dilakukan untuk memahami mekanisme mengalami ruang sebagai aspek pengonstruksinya. Interaksi antar aspek-aspek ruang dengan tubuh menjadi bagian esensial dalam prosesnya. Interaksi ini bersifat koheren satu dengan yang lain agar pengalaman ruang dapat terbentuk. Studi terhadap tiga pengalaman berbeda pada ruang pameran imersif di Singapura menunjukan keterkaitan yang kuat antara mekanisme pergerakan tubuh dengan hasil pencerapan oleh pikiran yang terbentuk karena adanya stimuli dari ruang. Mekanisme interaksi ini dipahami dengan melihat berbagai pergerakan tubuh dan pemetaan stimuli elemen pada ruang. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bagaimana interaksi aspek ruang dan tubuh ini mampu menciptakan pengalaman ruang yang berbeda, namun menghadirkan sense of place yang serupa serta terdapat perbedaan dominasi dan proses interaksi pada pengalaman tubuh statis dan dinamis.

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This thesis explores how the construction of a sense of place through experiencing space can shape virtual interiority. Discussions related to the presence of the body, tactile and non-tactile sensory, space element stimulus, and the formation of perception in the human mind are carried out to understand the mechanism of experiencing space as a construction aspect. The interaction between aspects of space and the body becomes an essential part of the process. These interactions are coherent with each other to enable the experience of space to be formed. The study of three different experiences in an immersive exhibition space in Singapore shows a strong connection between the mechanisms of body movement and the results of perception by the mind formed due to stimuli from the space. This interaction mechanism is understood by looking at the various body movements and stimuli mapping elements in the space. The results of the study show how the interaction of these aspects of space and the body can create different spatial experiences yet convey a similar sense of place and there are differences in the domination and interaction processes in static and dynamic body experience."

"This book discusses human factors research directed towards realizing and assessing sustainability in the built environment. It reports on advanced engineering methods for sustainable infrastructure design, as well as on assessments of the efficient methods and the social, environmental, and economic impact of various designs and projects. The book covers a range of topics, including the use of recycled materials in architecture, ergonomics in buildings and public design, sustainable design for smart cities, design for the aging population, industrial design, human scale in architecture, and many more. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Orlando, Florida, USA, it offers various perspectives on sustainability and ergonomics. As such, it is a valuable reference resource for designers, urban engineers, architects, infrastructure professionals, public infrastructure owners, policy makers, government engineers and planners, as well as operations managers and academics active in urban and infrastructure research."