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Abstrak :
This research evaluated a method involving provision of a concoction of Boesenbergia pandurata, Solanum ferox dan Zingimber zerumbet extracts for pathogen prevention in tilapia. The concentration of each extract was 600 ppm of Boesenbergia pandurata/BP, 900 ppm of Solanum ferox/SF and 200 ppm of Zingimber zerumbet/ZZ. The examination was performed by issuing two combinations of extracts (SF:BP, SF:ZZ) against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens (105 CFUmL-1). Preventive trials were carried out by providing a concoction of extracts through intraperitoneal injection (0.1 mL/fish) in tilapia (15±2 g) and the immersion method was performed by bathing the fish in the extracts for 20 minutes, with pathogen challenging during the following 24 h being carried out. The composition of the used extract was by SF60:ZZ40; SF50:ZZ50; BP90:SF10; BP50:SF50; and fish without being given the extract. Haematology and immunology parameters were observed at the 4th week after challanges with pathogenic bacteria. The number of white blood cells (WBCs) increased significantly (P <0.05) compared to controls without extract, with a similar increase observed for red blood cell (RBCs), but heamatocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values did not significantly increase compared to control. Phagocytic index, respiratory burst and lysozyme activities also experienced a significant increase in fish fed with combined extracts compared to controls. The numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the body of the fish given extract were also lower than the control and significantly different at the 4th week. The results of this study indicate that giving combined extracts of SF50:ZZ50 and BP90:SF10 provides the best protection (RPS) against infection of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescent by injection of 100%. This study indicates that providing combined extracts by injection and immersion in the ratio of SF50:ZZ50 has a positive effect in increasing the non-specific immune system of tilapia and increasing protection against bacterial infections.

Abstrak :
Waktu pelayanan resep obat merupakan salah satu indikator mutu pelayanan farmasi yang diatur dalam Standar Pelayanan Minimal Rumah Sakit (SPM RS). Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 129 Tahun 2008 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal, standar waktu tunggu pelayanan obat jadi di depo farmasi rawat jalan ditetapkan £30 menit, sementara untuk obat racikan £60 menit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental deskriptif yang berfokus untuk mengkaji indikator mutu waktu tunggu pelayanan resep di Depo Farmasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, yaitu dengan mengambil sampel data yang terdapat di lapangan secara langsung dalam satu waktu. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat di Depo Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSUI pada periode Mei – Agustus 2022, rata-rata waktu tunggu pelayanan obat jadi adalah 45,25 menit ± 0,064. Terdapat sebanyak 40,43% resep obat jadi yang telah sesuai dengan Standar Pelayanan Minimal dan 59,57% resep dengan waktu tunggu pelayanan tidak sesuai. Rata-rata waktu tunggu pelayanan obat racikan adalah 66,75 menit ± 0,037. Terdapat sebanyak 63,12% resep obat racikan yang telah sesuai dengan Standar Pelayanan Minimal dan 36,68% resep dengan waktu tunggu pelayanan tidak sesuai Standar Pelayanan Minimal. ......Prescription service time is an indicator of the quality of pharmaceutical services regulated in the Hospital Minimum Service Standards. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 129 of 2008 concerning Minimum Service Standards, the standard waiting time for non-concoction drugs service at outpatient pharmacy depots is set at £30 minutes, while for concoction drugs it is £60 minutes. This research is a descriptive non-experimental study that focuses on examining quality indicators of waiting time for prescription services at the Outpatient Pharmacy Depot at the University of Indonesia Hospital. Data collection in this study used a cross-sectional approach, by taking samples of data contained directly at one time. Based on the results of an evaluation of the waiting time for drug prescription services at the University of Indonesia Hospital Outpatient Pharmacy Depot in the period May – August 2022, the average waiting time for non-concoction drug services is 45.25 minutes ± 0.064. There were 40.43% of non-concoction drug prescriptions that were by the Minimum Service Standards and 59.57% of prescriptions with inappropriate service waiting times. The average waiting time for concoction drug service is 66.75 minutes ± 0.037. There were 63.12% of prescriptions for the concoction of drugs that met the Minimum Service Standards and 36.68% of prescriptions with service waiting times that did not comply with the Minimum Service Standards.

Abstrak :
Dalam meningkatkan mutu maupun cakupan pelayanan kefarmasian yang baik di apotek, standar pelayanan kefarmasian perlu diperhatikan agar sesuai dengan protokol untuk pelayanan pelanggan di apotek tersebut. Bentuk pelayanan resep, mulai dari penerimaan, pemeriksaan ketersediaan, penyiapan sediaan farmasi, alat kesehatan, dan bahan medis habis pakai termasuk peracikan obat, pemeriksaan, hingga penyerahan obat pada pasien perlu disertai pemberian informasi yang tepat pada pasien. Hal tersebut agar pengobatan yang diberikan pada pasien tepat dan sesuai harapan terapi yang diinginkan. Pada setiap tahap alur pelayanan resep juga perlu dipastikan sebagai upaya pencegahan terjadinya kesalahan pemberian obat (medication error), salah satunya terjadinya interaksi obat maupun efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Pengamatan terkait efek samping dan interaksi obat pada obat-obatan yang diresepkan pasien dilakukan pada lima resep polifarmasi racikan yang diberikan per Januari 2023. Obat-obatan yang diresepkan tersebut biasanya terdiri atas lima atau lebih kandungan zat aktif obat yang dilakukan peracikan untuk dijadikan bentuk sediaan lain yang lebih praktis digunakan pasien. Beberapa resep obat racikan polifarmasi yang telah diamati dapat berpotensi menimbulkan interaksi obat, baik interaksi dalam level menengah (intermediate) maupun level mayor serta beberapa efek samping tidak diinginkan dapat timbul dari penggunaan obat, baik sebagai akibat dari penggunaan bersamaan dengan obat lain maupun akibat penggunaan jangka panjang. ......In improving the quality and scope of good pharmaceutical services in pharmacies, it is necessary to pay attention to pharmaceutical service standards in accordance with the protocols for customer service in these pharmacies. The form of prescription services, starting from reception, checking availability, preparation of pharmaceutical preparations, medical devices and consumable medical materials including dispensing drugs, examinations, to dispensing drugs to patients needs to be accompanied by providing appropriate information to patients. This is so that the treatment given to the patient is appropriate and according to the expectations of the desired therapy. At each stage of the prescription service flows it is also necessary to ensure as an effort to prevent medication errors, one of which is the occurrence of drug interactions and unwanted side effects. Observations related to side effects and drug interactions for medicines prescribed by patients were carried out on five concoction polypharmacy prescriptions given as of January 2023. The prescribed medicines usually consist of five or more active ingredients of the drug which are compounded to be made into other dosage forms which is more practical for patients to use. Several prescriptions for polypharmacy concoctions that have been observed have the potential to cause drug interactions, both interactions at the intermediate level and major level and some unwanted side effects can arise from drug use, either as a result of concomitant use with other drugs or as a result of long- term use.