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Abstrak :
As anthropologists become more and more accustomed to counting things and giving numerical statements concerning frequencies of behaviors, traits, and events, as well as computing expressions of the covariations among these cultural elements, the tasks of recording, storing, and analyzing these data become more and more complicated. Moreover, because we tend to be holistic in general orientation, we prefer to manipulate rather large numbers of different variables simultaneously. That is, none of us is particularly happy with the examination of individual cultural items, or pairs of items, torn out of the context of broad behavioral patterns to which they are related. Anthropological analysis usually involves a multivariable strategy. Beyond a certain point the tasks of storing and manipulating these data become so enormous that we lose track of our materials, or our inventory and management of the data become overly cumbersome and time consuming. At some point in the growing complexity and perplexity we can save time and energy by turning to electronic computers for assistance.

Abstrak :
The metaphor of 'dialogue' has been put to different descriptive and evaluative uses by constitutional and political theorists studying interactions between institutions concerning rights. It has also featured prominently in the opinions of courts and the rhetoric and deliberations of legislators. This volume brings together many of the world's leading constitutional and political theorists to debate the nature and merits of constitutional dialogues between the judicial, legislative, and executive branches. Constitutional Dialogue explores dialogue's democratic significance, examines its relevance to the functioning and design of constitutional institutions, and covers constitutional dialogues from an international and transnational perspective.

Abstrak :
William Walker's original analysis of John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding offers a challenging and provocative assessment of Locke's importance as a thinker, bridging the gap between philosophical and literary-critical discussion of his work. He presents Locke as a foundational figure who defines the epistemological and ontological ground on which eighteenth-century and Romantic literature operate and eventually diverge. He is revealed as a crucial figure for emerging modernity, less the familiar empiricist innovator and more the proto-Nietzschean thinker whose text fosters hitherto unsuspected instabilities and promotes a new kind of rhetorical force to counterbalance them. Walker's reading of Locke is at once finely attentive to the text and engagingly resourceful in placing the Essay in its broadest philosophical and historical context.

Abstrak :
The ratification of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2/2017 concerning Community Organization (Perppu Ormas) and Law No.5/2018 concerning Terrorism is a strategic policy achievement in the national security sector that can be utilized by the government and civil society to stem the progress of radical groups in Indonesia, especially (but not limited to) those associated with radical Islamic movements, both those who are known to use violent approaches and those who do not. Appropriate mapping of the development of radical groups, at the level of global, regional and national strategic environments, is important because it will become the basis for the formation of broader and deeper public policies related to the fight against radicalism and radical movements in the future. Descriptive qualitative analysis based on the data, documents and phenomena that occur shows that the ratification of those laws have a significant impact if followed by decisive actions by law enforcement.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kepastian kontraktual bagi konsumen dalam e-commerce tidak dapat dipisahkan dari sistem proteksi yang dapat diandalkan di suatu negara berupa Lembaga Akreditasi terhadap produk yang dipasarkan. Terdapat perbedaan yang sangat besar antara aktivitas virtual dengan aktivitas dunia nyata dalam segi tindak dan perbuatan hukum, dampak yang diakibatkan, penerapan sanksi dan juga pembuktiannya. Di samping itu jika ada hukum positif yang secara substantif dapat langsung diterapkan dalam pelanggaran dunia maya, diperlukan suatu konsep sebagai pemberlaku kaidah-kaidah dalam perbuatan hukum dunia maya. sebagai pertimbangan pokok yang mendasari pemberian sertifikasi pada pelaku usaha, sebagai jaminan kepercayaan yang tinggi dari konsumen. Tesis ini mengkaji tentang keterkaitan hukum dan prinsip pertanggungjawaban produk dalam e-commerce berupa perlindungan para pihak untuk mendapat informasi yang benar mengenai persyaratan kontrak, dan penawaran produk melalui internet menurut hukum dan regulasi terkait, sehingga menandakan pelaku usaha berkewajiban untuk menjalankan usahanya dengan jujur dan itikad baik. Melalui konsep kelembagaan yang diadopsi dari Singapura dan Uni Eropa, kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat akan tercipta melalui peran lembaga peradilan, dimana dalam hal ini LSK selaku pihak ketiga dapat mengambil bagian dalam pertanggungjawaban produk yang diperoleh dari perniagaan online, melalui penafsiran perjanjian pihak yang berkepentingan satu sama lain dalam bentuk kontrak elektronik dan peran penyediaan layanan dalam penyelesaian sengketa yang ada dalam tujuan peningkatan efisiensi ekonomi.

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ABSTRACT
Contractual certainty for consumers in e-commerce cannot be separated from a reliable protection system in a country, in the form of Certification Authority accrediting the market products. It is naïve to believe that the Certification Authority will exist independently, aloof from the world's legal systems due to the vast difference between virtual and actual transactions in terms of legal acts, its effects, the sanctions system, and the burden of proof. Besides, any legislation enacted for consumer protection on e-commerce can substantively build a major concept in cyberspace as the prime consideration underlying the entrepreneurs’ accreditation. There are areas of potential legal exposure for an organization such as a Certification Authority involved in e-commerce product liability. Working from this baseline of exposure, it will be incumbent on Certification Authority authorities and the legislative bodies that would endorse them to engineer effective risk management strategies so as not to jeopardize the ameliorative effects. The avowed, logical, and admirable purpose of a Certification Authority system in Singapore and European Union is to establish a fully functional self- and third-party rating system enabling patients and consumers to filter harmful information and to positively identify and select high quality information. This thesis outlines and evaluates the current discussion on the propriety and feasibility of enacting a national law in Indonesia enunciating a body of general principles overarching e-commerce legislations on product liability. By way of the critical and comparative appraisal, it advocates the enactment of such general principles and suggests the salient features and the essential structure of the future code.

Abstrak :
Penyertaan modal mempunyai pengertian yang sama dengan investasi. Pertama, investasi berarti pembelian saham, obligasi, dan benda-benda tidak bergerak setelah dianalisis akan menjamin modal yang diletakkan dan memberikan hasil yang memuaskan. Kedua, dalam teori ekonomi investasi berarti pembelian alat produksi (termasuk di dalamnya benda- benda untuk dijual) dengan modal berupa uang. Dalam rangka menambah modal di dalam suatu BUMD, Pemerintah Daerah menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dapat melakukan penyertaan modal. Penyertaan modal tersebut berasal dari APBD tahun berjalan dari Pemerintah Daerah yang dituangkan di dalam Peraturan Daerah. Peraturan Daerah yang mengatur mengenai penyertaan modal wajib memuat tujuan penanaman modal yant tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal. Dalam penelitian ini penulis meneliti mengenai tujuan yang dimuat dalam suatu Perda Penyertaan Modal yang dikaitkan dengan tujuan yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal. Penulis juga meneliti salah satu tujuan dari penyertaan modal yang terdapat pada Peraturan Daerah Kota Depok Nomor 4 Tahun 2016 yang bertujuan untuk menjadi pemilik saham yang termasuk kelompok penentu arah kebijakan pada suatu bank yang diteliti berdasarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 12/23/PBI/2010 tentang Uji Kemampuan dan Kepatutan (Fit and Proper Test). Dalam tulisan ini penulis juga meneliti apakah tindakan penyertaan modal dapat dirasakan oleh masyarakat di dalam suatu daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penelitian hukum normatif (doktriner). Penelitian hukum normatif adalah penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder belaka. Penelitian hukum normatif ini sering disebut pula penelitian hukum kepustakaan. ......Capital participation has the same definition as investment. First, investment means that the purchase of stock, obligation and immovable properties that have been analyzed will guarantee the invested capital and will give satisfactory results. Second, in economics theory, investment means purchase of production tools (including goods for sale) with capital in the form of money. In oreder to increase the capital in BUMD (Regional Owned Company), according to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government states that Local Government is able to make capital participation. The capital participation comes from the current year's APBD from the regional government as outlined in the regional regulation. Regional Regulations governing capital participation must contain the investment objectives as stated in Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment. In this study, the authors examine the objectives contained in the Capital Participation Regulation associated with the objectives contained in the Investment Law. The author also examines one of the objectives of capital participation that stated in Depok City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2016 which aims to become a determinant shareholder that examined based on Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 12/23 / PBI / 2010 concerning the Fit and Proper Test. In this paper the author also examines whether the act of capital participation can contribute to the community in an area. The research method used in research is normative legal research (doctrinaire). Normative legal research is legal research that is carried out by examining library materials or secondary data. This normative legal research is often called literature law research.

Abstrak :
Di era digital ini, universitas di Indonesia sudah mulai menerapkan Sistem Informasi Akademik atau SIAK berbasis internet. Akan tetapi, sistem yang digunakan belum mempunyai fitur integrasi dengan kalender pribadi seperti Google Calendar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah extension pada web browser berbasis Chromium, seperti Google Chrome atau Microsoft Edge, yang tidak hanya memungkinkan mahasiswa mengkonversi jadwal kuliah di SIAK ke Google Calendar, tetapi juga mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip perlindungan data pribadi yang diatur pada Undang-Undang No. 27 tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pengembangan perangkat lunak berbasis extension. Extension ini dikembangkan dengan mengikuti prinsip-prinsip perlindungan data pribadi yang tertera dalam Undang-Undang No. 27 tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, yang tertera pada halaman kebijakan privasi, dalam melakukan pengambilan, penyimpanan, dan penghapusan data pengguna. Extension yang dikembangkan berhasil mengkonversi jadwal kuliah di SIAK ke Google Calendar dengan mengutamakan perlindungan data pribadi. Penggunaan extension ini memastikan bahwa data pribadi mahasiswa tidak diungkapkan atau disalahgunakan. Selain itu, prinsip-prinsip perlindungan data pribadi seperti pemrosesan terbatas dan penghapusan data juga diimplementasikan dengan baik. Pada pengujian extension, dari 27 test case yang ditanyakan pada kuisioner, 27 jawaban mahasiswa sesuai dengan jawaban yang diharapkan dan 26 jawaban dari dosen sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa 100% jawaban mahasiswa sesuai dan 96% jawaban dosen sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil ini, pengujian diselesaikan dan extension yang dibuat dapat mengimpor jadwal ke Google Calendar dan juga menyediakan informasi terkait kebijakan privasi sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. ...... In this digital era, universities in Indonesia have started implementing the internet-based Academic Information System, known as SIAK. However, the system used does not have the feature of integration with personal calendars such as Google Calendar. This research aims to develop a Chromium based web browser, such as Google Chrome and Microfost Edge, extension that not only allows students to convert their class schedules from SIAK to Google Calendar but also implements the principles of personal data protection regulated by Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. This research adopts a software development approach based on extension. The extension is developed in accordance with the principles of personal data protection stated in Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, as described in the privacy policy page, for data retrieval, storage, and deletion of user data. The developed extension successfully converts class schedules from SIAK to Google Calendar while prioritizing personal data protection. The use of this extension ensures that students’ personal data is not disclosed or misused. Furthermore, principles of personal data protection, such as limited processing and data deletion, are also well-implemented. In the extension testing, out of the 27 test cases mentioned in the questionnaire, all 27 student responses matched the expected answers, while 26 out of 27 responses from the lecturers were as expected. This indicates that 100% of the student responses were accurate, and 96% of the lecturer responses were accurate. Based on these results, the testing has been completed, and it can be concluded that the created extension is able to import schedules to Google Calendar and provides privacy policy information in accordance with regulations and laws.

Abstrak :
Diundangkannya Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dengan skema omnibus law salah satunya dilandasi oleh semangat untuk meningkatkan ekosistem investasi di Indonesia. Pengundangan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi pengaturan investasi saat ini yang tidak harmonis antar sektor dan wilayah. Pengaturan investasi asing seringkali tumpang tindih bahkan bertentangan satu dengan yang lainnya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, terdapat dua pokok permasalahan, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana pengaturan investasi asing di Indonesia sebelum diundangkannya Undang- undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja?; dan (2) Bagaimana pengaturan investasi asing dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja sebagai upaya meningkatkan aliran modal asing ke Indonesia?. Adapun penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji regulasi terkait dengan Investasi Asing. Pada akhirnya, telah diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa saat ini pengaturan Investasi Asing di Indonesia diatur dalam UU No. 25 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penanaman Modal sebagaimana beberapa pasalnya telah diubah dalam UU No. 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja. Beberapa perubahan krusial dalam UU Cipta Kerja sebagai upaya meningkatkan iklim investasi asing di Indonesia antara lain dilakukan dengan penyederhanaan perizinan dan persyaratan investasi, serta perubahan beberapa ketentuan pajak, tanah, imigrasi, ketenagakerjaan, perseroan terbatas, dan kawasan ekonomi khusus.

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The promulgation of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation with the omnibus law scheme is aim to improve foreign direct investment ecosystem in Indonesia. This legislation is motivated by the current condition of foreign direct investment regulation that are not harmonious between sectors and regions. foreign direct investment regulation often overlap and even conflict with one another. Based on this, there are two main problems, namely: (1) How was the foreign direct investment regulations in Indonesia before the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation?; and (2) How are the foreign direct investment regulations in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation as an effort to increase the flow of foreign capital to Indonesia? This research is normative juridical by examining regulations related to foreign direct investment. In the end, it has been concluded that currently the regulation of foreign direct investment in Indonesia is regulated in Law no 25 of 2007 concerning Investment as several articles have been amended in Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. Some of the crucial changes in the Job Creation Law as an effort to improve the foreign investment climate in Indonesia include simplifying licensing and investment requirements, as well as amending several provisions on taxes, land, immigration, labor, limited liability companies, and special economic zones

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini berusaha memetakan pengetahuan pengungsi dan pencari suaka di Indonesia yang relatif masih jarang mendapatkan sorotan dalam studi Hubungan Internasional. Pembacaan yang melihat serta memproblematisasi bias kolonial dalam rezim pengungsi internasional serta kategorisasi dari migrasi transit dan pengungsi-pencari suaka, akan menjadi titik berangkat tulisan ini. Melalui tinjauan taksonomis terhadap 22 literatur, tulisan ini kemudian berusaha mengkontekstualisasikan dinamika pengungsi di Indonesia dengan migrasi-pengungsi secara lebih luas lewat pembacaan genealogis yang menyentuh aspek legal, multisiplistas aktor, dan (re)konseptualisasi konsep transit yang kerap disematkan kepada konteks Indonesia, sembari berusaha mengedapankan pengetahuan yang dibawa oleh pengungsi di Indonesia itu tersendiri. Penulis menemukan bagaimana di Indonesia, diskursus pengungsi, yang baru masuk ke Indonesia di periode gelombang pengungsi Indochina pada dekade 1970-an, berkelindan erat dengan pola migrasi-pengungsi internasional, utamanya lewat fractioning dan kategorisasi transit-pengungsi-pencari suaka, dan terus direproduksi dalam kerangka pengamanan hingga sekarang. Secara tataran pengetahuan, penulis menilai bahwa produksi pengetahuan di ranah akademik tentang pengungsi di Indonesia kurang lebih berada di bawah satu payung ‘kritis’ yang sama dan berusaha mengarusutamakan pengetahuan dari pengungsi di Indonesia, namun masih banyak ceruk pengetahuan yang masih bisa diisi dan dinavigasi lebih lanjut. ......This article seeks to map the knowledge of refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia, which, relatively speaking, has not been thoroughly investigated by International Relations-adjacent scholarship. An outlook that problematizes colonial biases on international refugee regime, as well as the categorization of transit migration and refugee-asylum seeker, will be central to this reading. Departing from taxonomic appraisal of 22 accredited-literatures, this article aims to contextualize the dynamics of refugees in Indonesia within the broader scope of migration-refugee studies through a genealogical reading that encompasses legal aspects, multiplicity of actors, and the (re)conceptualization of the transit concept oft-attributed to the Indonesian context, whilst trying to posit decentralized knowledge coming from refugees themselves. This author postulates that in Indonesia, discourses (and the language) of refugees, which predominantly emerged during the influx of Indochinese refugees in the 1970s, were/are heavily intertwined with the patterns of international migration-refugees, primarily through fractioning and categorization-labelling of transit-refugees-asylum seekers, and continues to be reproduced under securitized framework and language to this day. Insofar knowledge production on academia level, this author remarks that knowledge production of refugees in Indonesia virtually falls under a similar 'critical' umbrella, which seeks to prioritize knowledge from refugees in Indonesia, whilst acknowledging a plethora of knowledge gaps that can be probed and inquired further.