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Abstrak :

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ABSTRACT
Forum shopping, which consists of strategic forum selection, parallel litigation and serial litigation, is a phenomenon of growing importance in international adjudication. Preliminary objections (or a party's placement of conditions on the existence and development of the adjudicatory process) have been traditionally conceived as barriers to adjudication before single forums. This book discusses how adjudicators and parties may refer to questions of jurisdiction and admissibility in order to avoid conflicting decisions on overlapping cases, excessive exercises of jurisdiction and the proliferation of litigation. It highlights an emerging, overlooked function of preliminary objections: transmission belts of procedure-regulating rules across the 'international judiciary'. Activating this often dormant, managerial function of preliminary objections would nurture coordination of otherwise independent and autonomous tribunals.

Abstrak :
Penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah sempat menimbulkan dualisme antara kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga dan Pengadilan Agama, khususnya dalam perkara kepailitan yang melibatkan perbankan syariah. Undang-undang tersebut membolehkan bank syariah untuk memilih Pengadilan Niaga sebagai forum penyelesaian sengketanya. Padahal sengketa perbankan syariah yang timbul berdasarkan suatu akad syariah tentulah harus diselesaikan dengan ketentuan syariah pula demi melindungi tujuan hukum Islam maupun hak-hak umat Islam. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012 kemudian menegaskan bahwa kewenangan pengadilan dalam menyelesaikan sengketa perbankan syariah merupakan kewenangan Pengadilan Agama, sekaligus mencabut kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga untuk menangani sengketa perbankan syariah karena mengandung ketidaksesuaian antara perjanjian yang mendasari sengketa dengan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketanya. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode yuridis-normatif ini berfokus untuk menganalisis kesesuaian antara akad dan penyelesaian sengketa dalam Putusan Nomor 10/PDT.SUS/PKPU/2013/PN.NIAGA.JKT.PST. Putusan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat prinsip dasar hukum Islam dan perbankan syariah yang terpaksa disimpangi karena penggunaan Undang-Undang No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, yaitu hubungan antara bank syariah dan nasabah yang menurut hukum Islam merupakan hubungan kemitraan menjadi hubungan kreditor-debitor. Hal ini berimplikasi pada perubahan kedudukan para pihak dan juga paradigma dalam memandang perikatan berdasarkan akad syariah yang dalam kasus ini merupakan Akad Pembiayaan Murabahah. Oleh karena itu, sengketa pembiayaan syariah haruslah diselesaikan di Pengadilan Agama apabila para pihak memang hendak menempuh jalur litigasi.

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Sharia banking dispute resolution stipulated in Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking has created a dualism between the authority of the Commercial Court and the Religious Court, especially in bankruptcy cases involving Islamic banks. The law allows Islamic banks to choose the Commercial Court as a forum for resolving their disputes. Whereas sharia banking disputes that arise based on a sharia contract must be settled with sharia provisions as well to protect the objectives of Islamic law and the rights of Muslims. The decision of the Constitutional Court Number 93/PUU-X/2012 then confirmed that resolving sharia banking disputes was the authority of the Religious Court. The decision revoked the authority of the Commercial Court to handle sharia banking disputes because it contained a discrepancy between the agreements underlying the dispute and the dispute settlement mechanism. This juridical-normative research focuses on analyzing the suitability between the contract and settlement of disputes in Decision Number 10/PDT.SUS/PKPU/2013/PN.NIAGA.JKT.PST. The verdict shows that there are basic principles of Islamic law and Islamic banking which are forced to be deviated because of the use of Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy, namely the relationship between Islamic banks and customers which according to Islamic law is a partnership relationship into a creditor-debtor relationship. This has implications for changes in the position of the parties and also the paradigm of looking at the engagement based on the sharia contract which in this case is the Murabahah Financing Agreement. Therefore, sharia financing disputes must be resolved in the Religious Courts if the parties really want to take the litigation path.