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"Latar Belakang: White spot merupakan salah satu efek samping perawatan ortodonti dengan piranti cekat. Keberadaan lesi ini setelah debonding menimbulkan masalah estetik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perubahan warna white spot paska debonding setelah aplikasi fluor dan CPP-ACP. Metode: Pada penelitian ini digunakan empat puluh dua gigi premolar atas yang telah diekstraksi guna perawatan ortodonti, lalu dipasang braket, kemudian spesimen direndam dalam larutan demineralisasi untuk membentuk lesi white spot artifisial, dan selanjutnya braket dilepas. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (n= 14) secara acak untuk diberi perlakuan: (1) Aplikasi gel 1.23% APF; (2) Aplikasi pasta 10% CPP-ACP, dan (3) kontrol. Pengukuran perubahan warna dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer dilakukan pada 3 waktu yaitu pada sebelum dan setelah white spot artifisial dibentuk, dan setelah white spot diberi perlakuan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaaan warna white spot yang bermakna secara statistik sesudah perlakuan pada seluruh kelompok sampel. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada banyaknya perubahan warna white spot setelah aplikasi gel 1.23% APF dan pasta 10% CPP-ACP. Simpulan: CPP-ACP memberikan hasil perubahan warna white spot yang lebih baik secara visual, namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik dengan fluor.

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Background: White spot are common side effect in orthodontic treatment. The presence of the lesions after the removal of orthodontic aplliances still remains an esthetic problem.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify color changes in post-debonding white spot lesions after fluor and CPP-ACP aplication.

Methods: Forty-two upper premolars which were extracted for orthodontic reasons, were selected as the sample teeth. Universal premolar brackets were bonded to the facial surfaces of the sample and the sample were exposed to demineralization solution to create artificial white spot lesions, and then brackets were debonded. The sample were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 groups (n= 14) and were assigned to this following treatment: (1) 1.23% APF gel; (2) 10% CPP-ACP paste, and (3) control group. Then all groups were assigned to pH cycling for 14 days. Color change measurements were determined using a spectrophotometer 3 times: before and after production of the artificial white spot lesions, and after the artificial white spot lesions were treated.

Results: This study showed that there was significant difference in the color of the artificial white spot lesions after treatment in all groups. There was not significant difference in the result of color changes between after aplication with 1.23% APF gel and 10% CPP-ACP paste.

Conclusions: CPP-ACP were giving better result in changing the color of white spot lesions, but it was not significantly different from the fluoride."

"Disperse Red 1 (DR 1) adalah pewarna merah yang memiliki unsur kimia C16H18N4O3. DR 1 merupakan pewarna azo yang mempunyai sifat fotoisomerisasi reversibel. Pada pewarna azo perubahan dari trans ke cis dapat menyebabkan perubahan reversibel yang diinduksi cahaya pada beberapa pewarna, seperti DR 1. Perubahan struktur dari trans ke cis terjadi karena penyerapan cahaya ultraviolet (UV). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui nilai spektrum serapan cahaya pada perubahan struktur molekul Disperse Red 1 isomer trans terhadap isomer 90° dan isomer cis, sehingga mengetahui besar pergeseran spektrum penyerapan cahaya karena penyerapan UV menggunakan metode komputasi density functional theory (DFT). Hasil analisa berdasarkan spektrum serapan optik didapatkan perubahan warna pada isomer trans, 90°, dan cis karena ketika trans menyerap sinar UV maka akan terjadi pergeseran molekul sehingga membentuk isomer 90° dan isomer cis, pada saat pergeseran inilah molekul menyerap energi cahaya sehingga mengalami perubahan warna.

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Disperse Red 1 (DR 1) is a red dye with the chemical element C16H18N4O3. DR 1 is an azo dye with reversible photoisomerisation properties. Some azo dyes, including DR 1, undergo light-induced reversible transitions from trans to cis. Changes in structure from trans to cis occur due to ultraviolet (UV) light absorption. This study aimed to determine the value of changes in the molecular structure of Disperse Red 1 trans isomer to 90° isomer and cis isomer, on the light absorption spectrum in order to determine the magnitude of the shift in the light absorption spectrum due to UV absorption using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method. Based on the optical absorption spectrum, the analysis revealed colour changes in the trans, 90 °, and cis isomers. When the trans-absorbed UV light, a molecular shift occurred to form the 90° isomer and the cis isomer. The molecule absorbed light energy during this shift, causing it to change colour."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perubahan warna pada resin komposit nanohibrida sebelum dan setelah bleaching dalam perendaman kopi. Metode: Dua puluh spesimen resin komposit nanohibrida berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm, tebal 2 mm dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perendaman; Arabika dan Robusta n=10. Masing-masing kelompok perendaman direndam dalam waktu 7 hari, kemudian diaplikasikan bahan bleaching berupa hidrogen peroksida 40, dan setelah itu direndam kembali selama 7 hari. Pengukuran warna dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali menggunakan Colorimeter. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Paired T-Test dan Independent T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan.

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Aim This study aims to compare color changes in nanohybrid composite resins before and after bleaching in coffee immersion. Method Twenty specimens of nanohybrid composite resins were made into cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 mm and thick of 2 mm divided into 2 immersion groups Arabica and Robusta n 10. Each immersion group was immersed within 7 days, then applied bleaching material of hydrogen peroxide 40, and after that was re immersed for 7 days. The color measurement was done 4 times by Colorimeter. Data were analyzed statistically by Paired T Test and Independent T Test. Result The result showed significant differences."

"Tujuan :Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi gel acidulatedphosphate fluoride terhadap perubahan warna material restoratif resin komposit bulk-fillflowable yang direndam dalam larutan kopi. Metode penelitian: Dua puluh spesimenresin komposit bulk-fill flowable berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dengan tebal 2 mmdisiapkan kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, dengan salah satu kelompok menerimaaplikasi gel APF dan kelompok lainnya tidak. Setelah diberikan aplikasi gel, spesimenkemudian direndam di dalam larutan kopi (37oC) selama 7 hari. Pengukuran warnadilakukan dengan colorimeter pada saat sebelum perlakuan, setelah aplikasi gel APF dansetelah perendaman di dalam larutan kopi, kemudian dihitung nilai perubahan warnanyasesusai sistem CIE Lab. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Independent T-Testuntuk menilai perbedaan perubahan warna antara kelompok dengan dan tanpa aplikasigel APF. Hasil: Hasil menujukkan kelompok yang menerima gel APF mengalamiperubahan warna yang lebih besar (p>0.05) daripada kelompok tanpa gel APF.Kesimpulan : Dari hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi gel APF memilikipengaruh terhadap perubahan warna pada resin komposit bulk-fill flowable

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of application of

acidulated phosphate fluoride gel on the color change of bulk-fill flowable composite

resin restorative material immersed in coffee. Methods: Twenty specimens of bulk-fill

flowable composite resin in the form of cylinders 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness

were prepared and then divided into 2 groups, with one group receiving APF gel

application and the other group not. After being given the gel application, the specimens

were then immersed in a coffee solution (37oC) for 7 days. Color measurement was

carried out with a colorimeter before treatment, after application of APF gel and after

immersion in coffee solution, then the value of the color change was calculated according

to the CIE Lab system. Data was analyzed using the independent T-Test statistical test to

assess differences in color change between groups with and without APF gel application.

Results: The results showed that the group that received the APF gel had a greater color

change (p> 0.05) than the group without APF gel application. Conclusion: From the

results of the study, it was concluded that the application of APF gel had an effect on the

color change of the flowable bulk-fill composite resin."

"Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penyikatan pasta gigi dengan kandungan charcoal terhadap perubahan warna SIKMR yang mengalami diskolorasi akibat larutan kopi. Metode penelitian: Dua puluh empat spesimen Fuji II LC warna A3 berbentuk silinder (diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm) dipolimerisasi menggunakan LEDMAX-Hilux selama 20 detik dengan iradiansi 800 mW/cm2. Spesimen direndam dalam akuades (37oC) selama 24 jam dan diukur warna awalnya dengan Colorimeter 3nh, NH 310. Spesimen direndam dalam larutan kopi (37oC) selama 7 hari, dibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner, lalu diukur perubahan warnanya. Spesimen dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (n=8) dengan penyikatan akuades, pasta gigi Colgate Total Professional CleanR, dan pasta gigi Colgate Total Charcoal Deep CleanR selama 4 menit 40 detik dengan beban 150 gram menggunakan sikat gigi elektrik Oral-B DB4010. Spesimen kemudian dibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner dan diuji perubahan warnanya. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA untuk menilai perbedaan perubahan warnaantarkelompok penyikatan. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan SIKMR dengan penyikatan pasta gigi tanpa charcoal memiliki perubahan warna yang signifikan antara kelompok penyikatan akuades dan pasta gigi charcoal (p<0,5). Peningkatan perubahan warna paling tinggi terjadi pada penyikatan dengan pasta gigi tanpa charcoal. Kesimpulan:Disimpulkan bahwa SIKMR setelah penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung charcoal memiliki perubahan warna seperti kondisi penyikatan dengan akuades dan perubahan warna lebih rendah dibandingkan pasta gigi tanpa charcoal.

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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of brushing toothpaste with charcoal on discolored RMGIC due to coffee solution. Research method: Twenty four specimens of A3 color Fuji II LC cylindrical (6 mm diameter and 2 mm thick) polymerized using LEDMAX-Hilux for 20 seconds with an irradiance of 800 mW/cm2. The specimens were immersed in distilled water (37oC) for 24 hours and their initial color was measured with Colorimeter 3nh, NH 310. The specimens were immersed in coffee solution (37oC) for 7 days, cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner, then the color change was measured. The specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=8) by brushing with distilled water, Colgate Total Professional CleanR, and Colgate Total Charcoal Deep CleanR toothpaste for 4 minutes 40 seconds with a load of 150 grams using an Oral-B DB4010 electric toothbrush. The specimens were then cleaned and measured for color changes. Data were

analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test to assess differences in color change between brushing groups. Results: The results showed that RMGIC that brushed by toothpaste without charcoal had a significant color change between RMGIC that brushed by aquades and toothpaste with charcoal (p<0.5). The highest increase color change occurred in brushing with toothpaste without charcoal. Conslusion: It is concluded that RMGIC after

brushing using toothpaste containing charcoal has a color change such as brushing with aquades, and the color change occurred was lower than toothpaste without charcoal."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi hidrogen peroksida 40 terhadap kerentanan perubahan warna resin komposit nanohibrida oleh minuman berkarbonasi. Tiga puluh spesimen resin komposit nanohibrida berbentuk silinder diameter 6mm x ketebalan 2mm dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok; Coca-Cola, Fanta Strawberry, dan Sprite n=10. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam minuman masing-masing selama 7 hari, diaplikasikan hidrogen peroksida 40, dan direndam kembali selama 7 hari. Pengukuran warna dilakukan sebanyak empat kali dengan Colorimeter. Nilai perubahan warna kemudian dihitung. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Paired-Samples T Test dan One-Way ANOVA.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of 40 hydrogen peroxide application on nanohybrid composite resin staining susceptibility by carbonated drinks. Thirty cylindrical specimens 6mm diameter x 2mm depth of nanohybrid composite resin were divided into 3 groups Coca Cola, Fanta Strawberry, and Sprite n 10. All specimens were immersed in each drinks for 7 days, bleached with 40 hydrogen peroxide, and re immersed for 7 days. Color measurement was done four times using a Colorimeter. Color differences between each measurement were calculated. Data were analyzed statistically by Paired Samples T Test and One Way ANOVA. "

"Latar Belakang: Resin komposit single-shade merupakan resin komposit yang dapat menghasilkan warna menyerupai berbagai shade gigi tanpa tambahan pigmen. Resin komposit single-shade tetap memiliki potensi perubahan warna saat terpapar zat pewarna. Teh hitam dan oolong memiliki kadar tanin yang dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas warna resin komposit. Maka, dilakukan pengujian perubahan warna resin komposit single-shade setelah perendaman dalam larutan teh hitam dan oolong. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan perubahan warna antara resin komposit single-shade yang direndam dalam larutan teh hitam dan oolong. Metode: Spesimen resin komposit single-shade dan konvensional nanohybrid (n = 42) dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok, kemudian direndam dalam larutan teh hitam dan oolong selama 24 jam/hari dalam waktu 7 hari. Pengukuran perubahan warna dilakukan dengan colorimeter. Hasil: Perendaman dalam larutan teh hitam menghasilkan perubahan warna yang tidak sesuai pada resin komposit single-shade. Terdapat perbedaan perubahan warna signifikan antara resin komposit konvensional dalam kedua larutan teh, serta antara resin komposit single-shade dalam kedua larutan teh (p < 0.05). Kesimpulan: Perendaman resin komposit dalam teh hitam atau oolong menyebabkan perubahan warna resin komposit konvensional dan single-shade. Teh hitam menyebabkan perubahan warna lebih besar dibandingkan teh oolong pada kedua jenis resin komposit.

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Single-shade composite resin is a composite resin that produces various teeth shades without additional pigments. Single-shade composite resin still has its color change potential when exposed to colorants. Black and oolong tea possess tannin contents that influence composite resin’s color stability. Therefore, single-shade resin composite’s color change was evaluated after its immersion in black and oolong tea solutions. Objective: To determine color change difference of single-shade composite resin after its immersion in black and oolong tea solutions. Methods: Single-shade and conventional nanohybrid composite resin specimens (n = 42) were divided into 6 groups, then immersed in black and oolong tea solutions for 24 hours/day for 7 days. Color change measurements were taken with a colorimeter. Results: Immersion in black tea resulted in unacceptable color change in single-shade composite resin. Significant difference in color change was found between conventional composite resin immersed in black and oolong tea, and between single-shade composite resin immersed in black and oolong tea (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Black and oolong tea immersion causes color change in conventional and single-shade composite resins. Black tea causes larger color change compared to oolong tea in both composite resins."

"Latar belakang: Resin komposit nanofill dan bulkfill adalah restorasi estetik yang banyak digunakan untuk gigi anterior dan posterior. Meskipun demikian, pengaruh paparan obat kumur klorheksidin 0,2% dan povidone iodine 1% maupun bleaching karbamid peroksida 10% lebih sedikit dibandingkan jenis resin komposit lainnya. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan pengujian perubahan warna nanofill dan bulkfill oleh aplikasi bleaching karbamid peroksida 10% setelah paparan obat kumur klorheksidin 0,2% dan povidone iodine 1%. Tujuan: Menganalisa pengaruh bleaching karbamid peroksida 10% setelah paparan obat kumur klorheksidin 0,2% dan povidone iodine 1% terhadap perubahan warna nanofill dan bulkfill. Metode: Spesimen resin komposit nanofill dan bulkfill (n=24) dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, kemudian direndam dalam obat kumur klorheksidin 0,2% (n=6) dan povidone iodine 1% (n=6) selama 2 menit/hari dalam waktu 2 minggu, lalu diaplikasikan bleaching karbamid peroksida 10% selama 4 jam/hari dalam waktu 14 hari. Pengukuran warna dilakukan di awal, setelah perendaman dalam obat kumur dan setelah bleaching menggunakan colorimeter. Hasil: Perubahan warna nanofill dan bulkfill setelah perendaman klorheksidin 0,2% dan aplikasi bleaching berbeda bermakna (p≤0,05). Akan tetapi, tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) pada perubahan warna nanofill dan bulkfill setelah perendaman povidone iodine 1% dan aplikasi bleaching. Perbedaan bermakna (p≤0,05) juga ditemukan antara nanofill dan bulkfill yang terpapar obat kumur yang berbeda. Sedangkan perbedaan tidak bermakna (p>0,05) ditemukan pada nanofill dan bulkfill yang terpapar obat kumur yang sama kecuali klorheksidin 0,2%. Kesimpulan: Povidone iodine 1% menghasilkan perubahan warna yang lebih besar pada resin komposit. Resin komposit nanofill mengalami perubahan warna yang lebih besar dibandingkan resin komposit bulkfill.

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Background: Nanofill and bulkfill composite resins are aesthetic restorations that are widely used for anterior and posterior teeth. However, the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine and 1% povidone iodine mouthwash as well as 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching were less than other types of composite resins. Therefore, the color change of nanofill and bulkfill by the application of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching were tested after the exposure to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 1% povidone iodine mouthwash. Aim: To analyze the effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching after exposure to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 1% povidone iodine mouthwash on the color change of nanofill and bulkfill. Method: Nanofill and bulkfill composite resin specimens (n=24) were divided into 4 groups, then immersed in 0.2% chlorhexidine (n=6) and 1% povidone iodine (n=6) mouthwash for 2 minutes/day in 2 weeks, later 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching was applied for 4 hours/day in 14 days. Color measurement was carried out in the beginning, after immersion in mouthwash and after bleaching using a colorimeter. Result: The color change of nanofill and bulkfill after 0.2% chlorhexidine immersion and bleaching application were significantly different (p≤0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the color change of nanofill and bulkfill after 1% povidone iodine immersion and bleaching application. A significant difference (p≤0.05) was also found between the nanofill and bulkfill exposed to different mouthwashes. Meanwhile, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the nanofill and bulkfill exposed to the same mouthwash except 0.2% chlorhexidine. Conclusion: 1% povidone iodine produced a greater color change in the composite resins. The nanofill composite resin experienced a greater color change than the bulkfill composite resin."