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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan. Osteoarthritis (OA) adalah sebuah penyakit sendi degeneratif yang menyebabkan disabilitas dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat. Hormon pertumbuhan memiliki efek regenerasi tulang rawan secara langsung melalui stimulasi sel kondroblas dan proses morphoangiogenesis juga melalui faktor pertumbuhan secara sistemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat suntikan sendi dengan hormon pertumbuhan pada kasus Osteoarthritis. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Mei hingga September 2015. Desain penelitian adalah randomized post test only control group. Sejumlah 21 ekor kelinci Selandia Baru putih, berat 1.9-2.6kg, usia 7-8 bulan. Kelinci dibagi secara acak menjadi kelompok kontrol (NaCl 0.9%), suntikan hormon pertumbuhan (4iu), dan suntikan asam hyaluronat (6mg) . Dengan metode acak tersamar dilakukan suntikan kolagenase tipe II C. Histolyticum pada hari 1 dan ke 4 pada lutut kiri, kemudian tindakan penyuntikan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan selang waktu 1 minggu. Evaluasi dengan periode kepincangan, skoring makroskopis, histologis dilakukan pada minggu ke-8 pasca penyuntikan pertama. Temuan Penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan periode kepincangan pada grup yang diberikan hormon pertumbuhan lebih singkat, dan bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan dengan grup kontrol (p<0.001), grup asam hyaluronat (p<0.03), dan grup hormon pertumbuhan (p<0.001). Evaluasi skor makroskopik dengan skor yoshimi menunjukan bahwa kelompok hormon pertumbuhan memiliki kerusakan tulang rawan yang lebih ringan jika dibandingkan dengan grup kontrol (p=0.001) dan grup asam hyaluronat (p=0.04). Skoring histopatologis menggunakan skor modifikasi Mankin menunjukan pada kelompok dengan hormon pertumbuhan memiliki angka terendah dibandingkan grup lainnya (p=0.001), grup kontrol (p=0.001), grup asam hyaluronat (p=0.015). Kesimpulan. Suntikan hormon pertumbuhan ke dalam sendi memiliki efektifitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Asam hyaluronat pada model osteoarthritis. Hormon pertumbuhan memberikan harapan baru sebagai alternatif dalam terapi osteoarthritis.ABSTRACT
Introduction. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder that cause disability for patients all over the globe, with an increasing number of patients. Growth hormone (GH) works trough direct and indirect effect on cartilage regeneration by chondroblast stimulation, stimulation of growth factors and morphoangiogenesis process. Further research is needed to know the effects of intra articular joint injection of growth hormone using validated animal model and reliable outcome measurement. Methods. This study was conducted in Animal Hospital of Agricultural Institute Bogor west Java, from May to September 2015. The design of the study was randomized posttest only control group. Male white New Zealand rabbit (n=21) weighted 1.9-2.6kg, age 6-7months were used in this study. The sample was randomized and divided into three groups. All groups recieved intra articular injection of type 2 collagenase (Sigma® Missouri) 2mg at the left knee on day 1 and 4. Injections of growth hormone (4iu), hyaluronic acid (HA) (6mg) and saline (0.6ml) were done at 2 weeks after collagenase injection once a week for consecutive 3 weeks. Evaluation of weight and lameness periode is done periodically, histopathological and macroscopic score were done at 8 weeks since the first injection. Result. The lameness priode for control group is significantly longer than both of the experimental groups (p<0.001), HA (p<0.03), and GH (p<0.001). Macroscopic score evaluation taken from the lateral condyle of the left femur showed that the GH group received significantly less cartilage damage than the HA group (P=0.04) and placebo (P=0.01). Histopathological score was also found lowest at the GH group (p=0.001), with significant difference in control (p=0.001), and HA group (p=0.015).). Conclusion. Intraarticular injection of growth hormone is found to be more effective compared to hyaluronic acid on rabbit osteoarthritis model. This results showed promising result for intra articular injection of GH as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis.;Introduction. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder that cause disability for patients all over the globe, with an increasing number of patients. Growth hormone (GH) works trough direct and indirect effect on cartilage regeneration by chondroblast stimulation, stimulation of growth factors and morphoangiogenesis process. Further research is needed to know the effects of intra articular joint injection of growth hormone using validated animal model and reliable outcome measurement. Methods. This study was conducted in Animal Hospital of Agricultural Institute Bogor west Java, from May to September 2015. The design of the study was randomized posttest only control group. Male white New Zealand rabbit (n=21) weighted 1.9-2.6kg, age 6-7months were used in this study. The sample was randomized and divided into three groups. All groups recieved intra articular injection of type 2 collagenase (Sigma® Missouri) 2mg at the left knee on day 1 and 4. Injections of growth hormone (4iu), hyaluronic acid (HA) (6mg) and saline (0.6ml) were done at 2 weeks after collagenase injection once a week for consecutive 3 weeks. Evaluation of weight and lameness periode is done periodically, histopathological and macroscopic score were done at 8 weeks since the first injection. Result. The lameness priode for control group is significantly longer than both of the experimental groups (p<0.001), HA (p<0.03), and GH (p<0.001). Macroscopic score evaluation taken from the lateral condyle of the left femur showed that the GH group received significantly less cartilage damage than the HA group (P=0.04) and placebo (P=0.01). Histopathological score was also found lowest at the GH group (p=0.001), with significant difference in control (p=0.001), and HA group (p=0.015).). Conclusion. Intraarticular injection of growth hormone is found to be more effective compared to hyaluronic acid on rabbit osteoarthritis model. This results showed promising result for intra articular injection of GH as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis.;Introduction. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder that cause disability for patients all over the globe, with an increasing number of patients. Growth hormone (GH) works trough direct and indirect effect on cartilage regeneration by chondroblast stimulation, stimulation of growth factors and morphoangiogenesis process. Further research is needed to know the effects of intra articular joint injection of growth hormone using validated animal model and reliable outcome measurement. Methods. This study was conducted in Animal Hospital of Agricultural Institute Bogor west Java, from May to September 2015. The design of the study was randomized posttest only control group. Male white New Zealand rabbit (n=21) weighted 1.9-2.6kg, age 6-7months were used in this study. The sample was randomized and divided into three groups. All groups recieved intra articular injection of type 2 collagenase (Sigma® Missouri) 2mg at the left knee on day 1 and 4. Injections of growth hormone (4iu), hyaluronic acid (HA) (6mg) and saline (0.6ml) were done at 2 weeks after collagenase injection once a week for consecutive 3 weeks. Evaluation of weight and lameness periode is done periodically, histopathological and macroscopic score were done at 8 weeks since the first injection. Result. The lameness priode for control group is significantly longer than both of the experimental groups (p<0.001), HA (p<0.03), and GH (p<0.001). Macroscopic score evaluation taken from the lateral condyle of the left femur showed that the GH group received significantly less cartilage damage than the HA group (P=0.04) and placebo (P=0.01). Histopathological score was also found lowest at the GH group (p=0.001), with significant difference in control (p=0.001), and HA group (p=0.015).). Conclusion. Intraarticular injection of growth hormone is found to be more effective compared to hyaluronic acid on rabbit osteoarthritis model. This results showed promising result for intra articular injection of GH as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan dapat dikembangkan menjadi sediaan kosmetik krim anti-kerut karena kemampuannya sebagai anti-kolagenase dan anti-elastase. Rumput laut coklat Sargassum sp. diketahui mengandung antioksidan polifenol seperti senyawa floroglusinol. Penelitian terhadap Sargassum sp. perlu dilakukan karena pemanfataan rumput laut belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan krim Sargassum sp yang stabil dan memiliki aktivitas anti-kolagenase serta anti-elastase. Sediaan krim Sargassum plagyophyllum diuji total fenolik dengan metode Folin- ciocalteu dan diuji aktivitas anti-kolagenase dan elastasenya. Hasil menunjukkan krim Sargassum plagyophyllum memiliki total fenolik yaitu 5,597 0,74 mg PGE/g ekstrak kering, dan memiliki nilai IC50 anti-kolagenase krim sebesar 20,83 ?g/mL sedangkan nilai IC50 anti-elastase sebesar 183,73 ?g/mL. Kesimpulannya bahwa sediaan krim Sargassum plagyophyllum stabil dan memiliki aktivitas anti-kolagenase serta anti-elastase.

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ABSTRACT
Anti wrinkle cosmetic preparations which function as anti collagenase and anti elastase is caused by the ability of antioxidants inside the plants. Brown seaweed Sargassum sp. is known to contain polyphenol antioxidants such as phloroglucinol compounds. The number of seaweed production is high but its utilization has not been maximized. This study to obtain cream containing Sargassum sp. extract which is stable and have anti collagenase and anti elastase activity.The total phenolic content of Sargassum plagyophyllum cream was tested with Folin ciocalteu method and then tested for its anti collagenase and elastase activity. The result show that the Sargassum plagyophyllum cream formulation has total phenol content of 5.597 0.74 mg PGE g of dried extract, IC50 value of cream as anti collagenase was 20.83 g mL and as an anti elastase value of 183.73 g mL. In conclusion, Sargassum plagyophyllum can be developed as a stable cream and has anti collagenase and anti elastase activity.

Abstrak :
Daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) digunakan sebagai penyembuh luka secara empiris. Senyawa yang bertanggungjawab atas aktivitas farmakologi daun senggani adalah senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid diketahui memiliki aktivitas anti-aging. Selain itu, senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik tidak stabil dan sulit terpenetrasi di kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti-aging ekstrak daun senggani dan mendapatkan serum fitosom ekstrak daun senggani yang stabil dan memiliki penetrasi yang baik. Uji aktivitas anti-aging dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap dua enzim, yaitu elastase dan kolagenase. Tiga formula fitosom dibuat dengan metode hidrasi lapis tipis berdasarkan perbandingan massa ekstrak dan fosfolipid. Fitosom dikarakterisasi berdasarkan morfologi, ukuran partikel dan zeta potensial, profil spektrum FTIR, dan efisiensi penjerapan. Formula fitosom terpilih diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan serum, kemudian diuji stabilitas dan penetrasi secara in vitro dengan sel difusi Franz. Ekstrak daun senggani memiliki aktivitas anti-elastase (IC₅₀ 95,553 µg/mL) dan anti-kolagenase (62,933 µg/mL). Fitosom ekstrak daun senggani (F2, 1:1 b/b) memiliki bentuk sferis, Dv90 638,00±62,39 nm, PDI 0,503±0,05, zeta potensial (ZP) -38,3±1,6 mV, efisiensi penjerapan 92,22±0,31%. Spektrum IR membuktikan terjadinya kompleks antara ekstrak dan fosfolipid dalam fitosom. Serum fitosom tidak mengalami perubahan ukuran partikel, namun mengalami penurunan kadar kuersetin setelah 12 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu 25^oC. Fluks serum fitosom adalah 0,56±0,01 µg/cm²/jam, sedangkan fluks serum ekstrak adalah 1,28±0,02 µg/cm²/jam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun senggani berpotensi sebagai bahan kosmetik anti-aging, fitosom ekstrak daun senggani stabil pada suhu rendah, dan serum ekstrak terpenetrasi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan serum fitosom. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk lebih meningkatkan stabilitas dan penetrasi ekstrak daun senggani.  ......Senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) was used traditionally to treat wound because of flavonoids and phenolic compound. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were known to have anti-aging activity. However, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were poor in stability and skin permeation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging activity of the extracts, then formulate and evaluate serum dosage form containing senggani leaves extract-loaded phytosomes. Anti-aging activity was evaluated by in vitro elastase inhibitor and collagenase inhibitor. The extract was formulated into three formulations of phytosomes with thin layer method. The phytosomes were characterized in terms of particle morphology, particle size, zeta potential, profile spectra of FTIR, and entrapment efficiency. The selected phytosome formula was formulated into serum dosage form and evaluated its stability and in vitro penetration study using Franz diffusion cell. The senggani leaves extract has anti-elastase and anti collagenase with IC₅₀ of  95.553 µg/mL and 62.933 µg/mL, respectively. The selected phytosome formula (F2, 1:1 w/w) has a spherical shape, Dv90 of 638.00±62.39 nm, PDI 0.503±0.05, zeta potential of -38.3±1.6 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 92.22±0.31%. Molecular interaction between extract and phospholipid was confirmed from FTIR spectrum. Serum phytosome was physically stable, but chemically unstable after 12 weeks storage in 25^oC. According to the in vitro penetration study, the diffusion flux of quercetin as marker from phytosome and extract serum was 0.7945 µg/cm²/h and 1.835 µg/cm²/h, respectively. In conclusion, the extract could be a potential anti-aging, the phytosomes were stable in low temperature, and the skin penetration of the extract serum was much better than the phytosomes serum. Further study was required to improve stability and penetration of the extract.