Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This textbook provides a thorough and student-friendly guide to the different techniques used in cognitive neuroscience and provides the right level of detail for those who wish to understand the basics of neuroimaging and also provides more advanced material in order to learn further about particular techniques. "

"Cognitive neuroscience and psychotherapy provides a bionetwork theory unifying empirical evidence in cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology to explain how emotion, learning, and reinforcement affect personality and its extremes. The book uses the theory to explain research results in both disciplines and to predict future findings, as well as to suggest what the theory and evidence say about how we should be treating disorders for maximum effectiveness. While theoretical in nature, the book has practical applications, and takes a mathematical approach to proving its own theorems. The book is unapologetically physical in nature, describing everything we think and feel by way of physical mechanisms and reactions in the brain. This unique marrying of cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology provides an opportunity to better understand both."

"How do minds work? In Exploring Robotic Minds: Actions, Symbols, and Consciousness as Self-Organizing Dynamic Phenomena, Professor Jun Tani reviews key experiments within his own pioneering neurorobotics research project aimed at answering this fundamental and fascinating question. The book shows how symbols and concepts representing the world can emerge via deep learning within robots, by using specially designed neural network architectures by which, given iterative interactions between top-down proactive subjective and intentional processes for plotting action, and bottom-up updates of the perceptual reality after action, the robot is able to learn to isolate, to identify, and even to infer salient features of the operational environment, modifying its behavior based on anticipations of both objective and social cues. Through permutations of this experimental model, the book then argues that longstanding questions about the nature of consciousness and freewill can be addressed through an understanding of the dynamic structures within which, in the course of normal operations and in a changing operational environment, necessary top-down/bottom-up interactions arise. Written in clear and accessible language, this book opens a privileged window for a broad audience onto the science of artificial intelligence and the potential for artificial consciousness, threading cognitive neuroscience, dynamic systems theory, robotics, and phenomenology through an elegant series of deceptively simple experiments that build upon one another and ultimately outline the fundamental form of the working mind."

"Clinical observations and animal experiments have shaped the prevailing view of human memory. This doctrine holds that the medial temporal lobe subserves one memory system for explicit or declarative memories while the basal ganglia subserves a separate memory system for implicit or procedural memories, including habits. Cortical areas outside the medial temporal lobe are said to function in perception, motor control, attention, or other aspects of executive function, but not in memory. The Evolution of Memory Systems advances dramatically different ideas on all counts. It proposes that several memory systems arose during evolution and that they did so for the same general reason: to transcend problems and exploit opportunities encountered by specific ancestors at particular times and places in the distant past. Instead of classifying cortical areas in terms of mutually exclusive perception, executive, or memory functions, the authors show that all cortical areas contribute to memory and that they do so in their own ways-using specialized neural representations. The book also presents a proposal on the evolution of explicit memory. According to this idea, explicit (declarative) memory depends on interactions between a phylogenetically ancient navigation system and a representational system that evolved in humans to represent ones self and others. As a result, people embed representations of themselves into the events they experience and the facts they learn, which leads to the perception of participating in events and knowing facts."

"Through a comprehensive computational theory of the mind, namely, a computational cognitive architecture, this book explores cognitive or psychological mechanisms and processes. The goal of this book is to develop a unified framework for understanding the human mind, and within the unified framework, to develop process-based, mechanistic understanding of a variety of psychological phenomena. Specifically, the book first describes the essential CLARION framework and its cognitive-psychological justifications, then its computational instantiations, and finally its applications to capturing, simulating, and explaining various psychological phenomena and empirical data. Through the lens of a unified framework, the book shows how the models and simulations shed light on psychological mechanisms and processes. In fields ranging from cognitive science, to psychology, to artificial intelligence, and even to philosophy, academic researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, and practitioners of various kinds may have interest in topics covered by this book. The book may also be suitable for seminars or courses at graduate or undergraduate levels on cognitive architectures or cognitive modeling (i.e., computational psychology)."

"Until very recently, our knowledge about the neural basis of cognitive aging was based on two disciplines that had very little contact with each other. Whereas the neuroscience of aging investigated the effects of aging on the brain independently of age-related changes in cognition, the cognitive psychology of aging investigated the effects of aging on cognition independently of age-related changes in the brain. The lack of communication between these two disciplines is currently being addressed by an increasing number of studies that focus on the relationships between cognitive aging and cerebral aging. This rapidly growing body of research has come to constitute a new discipline, which may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. The goal of this book is to introduce this new discipline. This book is divided into four main sections. The first section describes non-invasive measures of cerebral aging, including structural (e.g., volumetric MRI), chemical (e.g., dopamine PET), electrophysiological (e.g., ERPs), and hemodynamic (e.g., fMRI), and discusses how they can be linked to behavioral measures of cognitive aging. The second section reviews evidence for the effects of aging on neural activity during different cognitive functions, including perception and attention, imagery, working memory, long-term memory, and prospective memory. The third section focuses on clinical and applied topics, such as the distinction between healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease and the use of cognitive training to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. The last section describes theories that relate cognitive and cerebral aging, including models accounting for functional neuroimaging evidence and models supported by computer simulations."

"This book investigates the fascinating concept of a continuum between human memory and memory of materials. The first part provides state-of-the-art information on shape memory alloys and outlines a brief history of memory from the ancient Greeks to the present day, describing phenomenological, philosophical, and technical approaches such as neuroscience. Then, using a wealth of anecdotes, data from academic literature, and original research, this short book discusses the concepts of post-memory, memristors and forgiveness, highlights the analogies between materials defects and memory traces in the human brain. Lastly, it tackles questions of how human memory and memory of materials work together and interact. With insights from materials mechanics, neuroscience and philosophy, it enables readers to understand and continue this open debate on human memory."