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"Fosfatase asam merupakan enzim yang dapat digunakan untuk teknik ELISA - untuk mengukur kadar suatu zat dalam cairan tubuh yang jumlahnya sangat kecil. Salah satu sumber enzim tersebut adalah air kelapa (Cocos nucifera Linn). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sadavisan (1951), Wilson et al. (1952), Anna Istiqomah (1994) dan Emilia Aisjah (1996) menunjukkan adanya aktivitas enzim fosfatase dalam daging buah dan air kelapa.Penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan pemurnian enzim fosfatase asam dari air kelapa. Untuk pemurnian enzim digunakan kromatografi gel dengan Sephadex G-75 dan kromatografi afinitas dengan Gel immobilized p-aminobenzyl phosphonic acid sepharose. Kemurnian enzim diperiksa dengan elektroforesis gel poliakrilamid. Aktivitas enzim secara kuantitatif ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer, dan secara kualitatif dapat dilihat dengan pewarnaan substrat. Kadar protein diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 280 nm.Hasil.penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam air kelapa terdapat enzim fosfatase asam yang ditunjukan oleh satu pita pada elektroforesis gel poliakrilamid.

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Isolation And Purification Of Acid Phosphatase From Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera Linn)Acid phosphatase was detected in coconut. More than fourty years ago, early investigators found this enzyme solely in coconut milk. It is not until recently that the enzyme was also found in coconut water. Recent studies also reported some characteristics of the enzyme from both sources.The purpose of this study is to isolate and to purity acid phosphatase from coconut water. Firstly, the enzyme was precipitated with etanol. After the dialysis in a cellophane bag, the precipitate was redissolved in 0,9% NaCl. The enzyme was separated with Sephadex 0-75, using 0,9% NaCl as eluent. Fractions of 5 mL were collected and each was analysed for the protein contents and for acid phosphatase activities. The fractions of high enzymes activity were pooled and purified, using an affinity chromatography technique with benzoyl phosphonic acid, a competitive inhibition, as a stationary immobilized ligand. Retained enzymes were eluted with 0,2 M NaHHPO4 and fractions of 2 mL were collected.During the study, protein contents were measured with A 280 technique and enzymes activities were assayed with p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) as a substrate. In both steps, the purity of the pooled fractions were analysed with a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with Coomassie Blue as well as p-NPP-ammonium sulfide, lead acetat for revealing the enzyme.It is found that acid phosphatase could be isolated and purified, as indicated by increasing specific activity and by PAGE analysis, from coconut water, by gel filtration and affinity chromatography technique."

"Air kelapa (Cocos nucifera) sebagai alternatif media penyimpanan gigi avulsi. Avulsi merupakan kondisi lepasnya gigi dari soket alveolar akibat adanya cedera gigi. Pada gigi permanen perawatan avulsi adalah dengan replantasi gigi ke dalam soket. Hal yang menjadi perhatian utama sebelum perawatan replantasi gigi avulsi adalah menjaga vitalitas sel ligamen periodontal yang terletak di permukaan akar gigi. Vitalitas sel ligamen periodontal sangat diperlukan untuk pembentukan jaringan periodontal baru yang akan mensupport gigi sehingga keberhasilan perawatan replantasi gigi avulsi dapat dicapai. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu media penyimpanan untuk menjaga vitalitas sel ligamen periodontal. Tujuan dari penulisan studi literatur ini untuk mengkaji pengunaan air kelapa (Cocos nucifera) sebagai alternative media penyimpanan gigi avulsi. Air kelapa merupakan cairan biologik murni dan steril, dengan kandungan yang kaya akan asamamino, protein, vitamin dan mineral. Komposisi elektrolit dari air kelapa menyerupai cairan intraseluler. Air kelapa juga unggul dalam melakukan pemeliharaan kelangsungan hidup sel-sel ligamen periodontal karena adanya berbagai nutrisi di dalamnya seperti protein, asam amino, vitamin, dan mineral. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan kemampuan air kelapa menjaga viabilitas sel ligamen periodontal yang setara dengan Hank?s balanced salt solution (HBSS), media penyimpanan yang direkomendasikan pilihan oleh the American Association of Endodontics. Kesimpulan dari studi literatur ini adalah air kelapa memiliki efektifitas yang menyerupai HBBS dalam menjaga viabilitas sel. Keunggulan air kelapa sebagai media penyimpanan adalah murah dan mudah tersedia. Sehingga air kelapa dapat direkomendasikan sebagai media penyimpanan gigi avulsi.

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Avulsion is a condition of tooth displacement outside the socket due to the trauma. In a case of tooth avulsion case of permanent teeth, the treatment of choice is replanting the tooth back to the socket. The main concern prior to tooth replantation is to maintain the vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The vitality of PDL cells is crucial to form new periodontal ligament tissue to support the teeth in order to achieve the success of replantation treatment. Therefore the tooth storage media is needed to maintain the vitality of PDL cells. The aim of the present literature review was to discuss the use of coconut water as an alternative storage medium of the avulsed teeth. Coconut water is biologically pure and steril, rich in amino acid, proteins, vitamins and minerals. The electronic composition of coconut water resembles the intracellular fluid. The ability of coconut water to maintain the vitality of PDL cells is due its nutrient component such as protein, amino acid, vitamin and minerals. Previous study showed the ability of coconut water to maintain the viability of PDL cells was comparable to Hank?s balanced salt solution (HBSS), storage media that is recommended by the American Association of Endodontics. In conclusion, coconut water is an effective storage medium for avulsed teeth to maintain the vitality of PDL cells. The advantages of the use of coconut water are economical and easily obtained, and therefore ideal to be recommended as a storage medium for avulsed teeth."

"Penelitian uji klinis paralel single blind ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh air kelapa muda 300 ml dua kali per hari selama 14 hari berturut-turut terhadap kadar kalium plasma dan tekanan darah guru perempuan dan karyawati prahipertensi usia 25-44 tahun. Sejumlah 32 subyek dipilih dengan kriteria tertentu dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan cara randomisasi blok, 16 orang masuk kelompok perlakuan (P) dan 16 orang masuk kelompok kontrol (K). Kelompok P mendapat air kelapa muda disertai penyuluhan gizi dan kelompok K mendapat air putih disertai penyuluhan gizi. Data yang diambil meliputi usia, aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan energi dan kalium, kadar kalium plasma, dan tekanan darah. Pemeriksaan kadar kalium plasma dilakukan pada H0 dan H+15, sedangkan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan pada H0, H+8, dan H+15. Analisis data menggunakan uji t dan uji Mann-Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 31 orang subyek (15 subyek kelompok P dan 16 subyek kelompok K). Rerata usia subyek penelitian 36,58±5,39 tahun dan rerata IMT 24,59±2,89 kg/m2. Sebagian besar subyek (93,55%) tergolong indeks aktivitas fisik di bawah rata-rata. Rerata kadar kalium plasma 3,71±0,41 mmol/L, dan sebanyak 7 orang subyek (22,58%) tergolong hipokalemia. Rerata tekanan darah sistolik/ tekanan darah diastolik (TDS/ TDD) 125,87±6,36 mm Hg/ 79,84±4,11 mm Hg. Pada awal penelitian karakteristik data dasar kedua kelompok dalam keadaan sebanding. Persentase asupan energi dibandingkan kebutuhan energi total pada minggu 0, 1, dan 2 pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan. Rerata asupan kalium subyek tergolong rendah (1420,28±405,54 mg/hari) atau sekitar 30,22±8,63% dari AKG. Selama perlakuan, didapatkan peningkatan signifikan asupan kalium kelompok P. Pada kedua kelompok didapatkan peningkatan kadar kalium plasma dan penurunan tekanan darah yang lebih besar pada kelompok P, namun tidak berbeda signifikan (p >0,05). Pada penelitian ini belum dapat dibuktikan bahwa air kelapa muda 300 ml dua kali per hari selama 14 hari berturut-turut dapat meningkatkan kadar kalium plasma dan menurunkan TDS dan TDD

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The study is a parallel single blind randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of tender coconut water 300 ml twice daily for 14 days on plasma potassium level and blood pressure in female teachers and employees prehypertension aged 25-44 years. A total of 32 subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomized, 16 subjects each. The treatment (T) group received tender coconut water 300 ml twice daily for 14 days and nutritional counseling, and the control (C) group received water 300 ml twice daily for 14 days and nutritional counseling. Data collected in this study consisted of age, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), intake of energy and potassium, plasma potassium level and blood pressure. Assessment of plasma potassium level were done on day 0 and day 15, while blood pressure were assessed on day 0, day 8, and day 15. Statistical analysis were done using t-test and Mann-Whitney with significance level was 5%. Complete analysis was done on 31 subjects (15 subjects of T group and 16 subjects of C group). The mean age was 36.58±5.39 years, mean BMI was 24.59±2.89 kg/m2, and 93.55% subjects had physical activity index score below the average. Plasma potassium level was 3.71±0.41 mmol/L, and 7 subjects (22.58%) was hypokalemia. Mean systolic and dyastolic BP was 125.87±6.36 mm Hg and 79.84±4.11 mm Hg, respectively. The data characteristics of the two groups at baseline were closely matched. Percentage of energy intake compared to the total energy requirement at weeks 0, 1, 2 between the two groups were not significantly different. Mean dietary intakes of potassium were 1420.28±405.54 mg/day or only 30.22±8.63% compared to Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance 2004. During treatment period, potassium intake increased significantly in the T group. There were increased plasma potassium level and decreased blood pressure in both groups, which were greater in the T group, but not statistically significant different (p >0.05). This study has not proven yet that tender coconut water 300 ml twice daily for 14 days increase plasma potassium level and decrease systolic and dyastolic BP"

"Latar Belakang: Tingginya pajanan tekanan dan beratnya aktivitas fisik saat bekerja menyebabkan nelayan berisiko kehilangan cairan dan elektrolit tubuh. Kehilangan elektrolit ini dapat menyebabkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan dan mempengaruhi produktivitas. Salah satu cara mencegahnya adalah dengan mengkonsumsi cairan isotonik. Air kelapa merupakan cairan isotonik alami yang mudah didapat dan banyak beredar dalam bentuk kemasan dipasaran. Disisi lain mengkonsumsi air kelapa berisiko meningkatkan tekanan darah akibat peningkatan asupan harian natrium. Sehingga diperlukan adanya studi untuk mengungkap pengaruh suplementasi air kelapa kemasan terhadap kadar elektrolit darah dan tekanan darah pada nelayan Metode: Penelitian true experimental pada populasi nelayan penangkap ikan dan pencari kerang dengan total subjek sebesar 37 yang dibagi secara random dan blinding menjadi 18 subjek untuk kelompok intervensi dan 19 subjek untuk kelompok kontrol. Subjek secara single blind diberikan cairan intervensi berupa air kelapa kemasan yang diberikan bersama dengan air mineral sebagai cairan kebutuhan dasar. Pengambilan data kadar elektrolit darah dan tekanan darah dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah bekerja. Hasil: Dari hasil analisa statistik sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok suplementasi air kelapa terdapat penurunan bermakna kadar natrium darah (p 0.012) dan klorida darah (p 0.011), sedangkan kadar kalium dan tekanan darah tidak mengalami perubahan bermakna. Perbandingan kadar elektrolit darah dan tekanan darah setelah intervensi antara dua kelompok tidak menunjukan adanya perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan. Secara statistik konsumsi air kelapa kemasan sebagai cairan suplementasi menyebabkan penurunan kadar natrium dan klorida darah mesikipun tidak bermakna secara klinis. Disisi lain jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, air kelapa tidak berbeda dalam mempengaruhi kadar elektrolit darah dan tekanan darah.

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Background: Being expose to heat stress and heavy physical work make fishermen at risk of losing body fluid and electrolyte. This condition can cause serious health problem and affect productivity. Consuming isotonic water will prevent those risk. Coconut water is a natural isotonic solution that widely available on commercial packaged. In other hand, consuming coconut water can increase daily sodium intake and increase blood pressure. Further study is needed to reveal the effect of packaged coconut water on blood electrolyte level and blood pressure among fisherman.

Method: True experimental study was conducted among fisherman and clam seeker. A total of 37 subjects was divided randomly into interventional group (18 subjects) and control group (19 subjects). Subject was single blindedly given packaged coconut water as interventional solution accompenied by mineral water as basic fluid needs. Blood electrolyte and blood pressure was obtained before and after work.

Result:Statistically analysed on pre and post intervention of packaged coconut water supplementation group, showed a significant decrease of blood sodium level (p 0.012) and blood chloride level (p 0.011). While post interventional comparison between two groups show no difference neither blood electrolyte level nor blood pressure.

Conclusion: Statistically consuming packed coconut water as supplementation resulting on a decrease of blood sodium and chloride level, eventhough the decrease is not clinically significant. In other hand comparing to control group, packed coconut water has no difference on affecting blood electrolyte level and blood pressure."

"Latar Belakang. 10% nelayan mengalami dehidrasi, sehingga berefek pada gangguan sekeresi metabolit seperti asam urat. Nelayan merupakan pekerjaan yang rentan terkena pajanan tekanan panas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas suplementasi air kelapa kemasan dalam mengembalikan status hidrasi dan penurunan kadar asam urat pada nelayan. Metode. Desain penelitian ini adalah true experimental, comparison pre intervention-post intervention control group terhadap 2 kelompok perlakuan menggunakan randomisasi. Kelompok suplementasi air kelapa kemasan (n=20) dan kelompok suplementasi air mineral (n=20). Sebelum melaut para subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan berat jenis urin dan kadar asam urat darah. Kemudian setiap subjek diberikan cairan rehidrasi yang terdiri dari cairan intervensi (500 ml) dan cairan dasar (2000 ml). Segera setelah kembali melaut para nelayan kembali diperiksa asam urat, berat jenis urine, aktivitas fisik dan food recall 24 jam. Hasil. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata berat jenis urine post intervensi antara kelompok suplementasi air kelapa kemasan (1.009+0.007) dan kelompok air mineral (1.007+0.006) dengan nilai p=0.298. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar asam urat post intervensi antara kelompok suplementasi air kelapa kemasan (3.52+1.15) dan kelompok air mineral (3.53+0.82) dengan nilai p=0.991. Simpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar suplementasi air kelapa kemasan dan air mineral dalam mengembalikan status hidrasi dan menurunkan kadar asam urat.

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Background. 10% among fishermen got dehydration and can also cause shifting in uric acid excretion. This study want to know effectiveness of packaged coconut water supplementation in restoring hydration status and decrease blood uric acid levels compared to mineral water at fishermen. Methods. This study design was true experimental, comparison of postintervention for control and intervention group. 40 Fishermen were dividing into 2 treatment groups by randomization. The packaged coconut water group (n=20) and mineral water group (n=20). Before departing to sea, subjects must collect urine & blood sample for urine specific gravity (USG) and blood uric acid (UA), after that each subject was given rehydration fluid which contain supplemental (500ml) and basic needs fluids (2000ml). Immediately after returning from sea the fishermen were re-examined for UA & USG, also physical activity, and 24-hour food recall. Result. There are no significant mean different of urine specific gravity after intervention between packaged coconut water group (1,009+0.007) and mineral water group (1,007+0.006) with p value=0.298. There was no significant mean different of uric acid levels after intervention between packaged coconut water group (3.52+1.15) and mineral water group (3.53+0.82) with p value =0.991. The p value after intervention in both group showed a value of p>0.05. Conclusion. There were no significant differences between groups of packaged coconut water and mineral water to restore hydration status and reduce uric acid levels."

"Nelayan adalah jenis pekerjaan dengan risiko kelelahan kerja yang tinggi. Kelelahan kerja dapat disebabkan oleh penurunan kadar elektrolit akibat dehidrasi yang dicetuskan oleh pajanan tekanan panas atau peningkatan kadar asam laktat akibat beban kerja yang tinggi. Salah satu cara mencegahnya adalah asupan cairan yang cukup. Sebagai contoh, air kelapa yang mudah ditemukan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pengaruh suplementasi air kelapa kemasan terhadap waktu reaksi dan kadar asam laktat. Desain penelitian ini adalah true experimental, comparison pre intervension-post intervension group. Intervensi berupa air kelapa kemasan dengan air mineral kemasan sebagai kontrol. Subjek berjumlah 18 orang pada kelompok intervensi dan 19 orang pada kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terpimpin menggunakan kuesioner serta pemeriksaan kelelahan dengan waktu reaksi dan asam laktat. Pengukuran waktu reaksi setelah intervensi berbeda signifikan (p 0.001) antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol pada rangsang cahaya yang tidak ditemukan pada rangsang suara. Begitu pula dengan pemeriksaan asam laktat (p 0.121) antar kelompok. Hipotesis terbukti bahwa air kelapa kemasan berpengaruh lebih besar dalam mencegah kelelahan kerja berdasarkan waktu reaksi rangsang cahaya dan tidak ada pengaruh pemberian air kelapa kemasan terhadap perubahan kadar asam laktat.

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Fishermen are a type of work with a high risk of work fatigue. Fatigue can be caused by a decrease in electrolyte levels due to heat stress-induced dehydration or an increase in lactic acid levels due to high workloads. One way to prevent this is adequate fluid intake. For example, coconut water is easily found in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the effect of supplementation of packaged coconut water on reaction time and lactic acid levels. The design of this study is true experimental, comparison pre intervention-post intervention group. Interventions in the form of packaged coconut water with packaged mineral water as a control. Subjects numbered 18 people in the intervention group and 19 people in the control group (after drop out). Data retrieval was carried out by guided interviews using questionnaires and measurement of fatigue with reaction time and lactic acid. The measurement of reaction time after intervention differed significantly (p 0.001) between the intervention group and the control group in visual stimuli, which was not found in the auditory stimuli. Similarly, the lactic acid examination did not differ significantly (p 0.121) between groups. The hypothesis is proven that packaged coconut water has a greater effect in preventing work fatigue based on visual reaction time and there is no effect of giving packaged coconut water to changes in lactic acid levels."