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Abstrak :
Nickel slag which is a waste product of nickel mining in Soroako, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, and Province South Sulawesi deposited in allarge amount and is not used optimally. The use of Nickel slag for road construction by mining authority just as base materials. For that reason, this study is aimed to evaluate technically the use of Soraoako?s Nickel slag as coarse aggregate in wearing course asphaltic mixtures focused to evaluate asphaltic durability. The mixture used in this study is a No 11 of SNI gradation type. The nickel slag content is combined with coarse aggregate in variation of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The optimum asphalt content is determined by varied asphalt content in range of 4.5% to 6.5% by 0, 5% increment. The mixture durability test is conducted according to standard Marshall immersion (24 hours immersed at temperature of 600 C) andmodified Marshall Immersion (immersed at temperature of600 C for 4, 7 and 14 days). Performance analysis of the mixture is expressed by Retained Strength Index (1KS), the First Durability Index (IDP) and the Second Durability Index (IDK). As the result, it was known that Nickel slag Streak can be used finely either combined by conventional coarse aggregate or as the coarse aggregate in asphaltic mixture. The mixture that content Nickel slag Soroako is more durable against water infiltration compared the mixture that content conventional course aggregate.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) merupakan poliester termoplastik yang diproduksi secara komersial melalui produk kondensasi. PET adalah bahan dasar dari botol plastik dengan berat jenis berkisar antara 0.92-0.96 dan akan mengeras bila dipanaskan. Berdasarkan karakteristik fisik dari PET, dalam studi ini telah dilakukan penelitian limbah botol plastik PET sebagai bahan baku pembuatan agregat kasar ringan dan menggunakannya dalam campuran beton ringan. Agregat kasar ringan dihasilkan dari pembakaran botol PET, hasil pembakaran diperoleh agregat dengan bentuk tidak beraturan dan bersudut dengan tekstur permukaan halus. Karakteristik geometrik agregat ringan tersebut menyerupai agregat kasar pada umumnya. Pengujian sifat fisik agregat diperoleh berat jenis sebesar 1,316, penyerapan air 1,140%, berat isi 820 kg/m3, dan keausan agregat 28,40%. Dari pengujian kuat tekan hancur agregat terhadap 2 ukuran spesimen kubus diperoleh kuat tekan hancur agregat plastik kubus (5_5_5) cm lebih besar 1,06 kali dibandingkan dengan kubus (15_15_15) cm. Namun dalam perhitungan rancang campur beton ringan nilai kuat tekan hancur agregat kubus (15_15_15) cm yang digunakan. Dalam studi ini, agregat ringan plastik dan agregat halus normal (pasir alam) diklasifikasikan berdasarkan ukuran spesimen kubus yang digunakan yaitu kubus beton (5_5_5) cm dan (15_15_15) cm sehingga diperoleh beton ringan agregat bergradasi normal dan beton ringan agregat bergradasi modifikasi. Dari hasil pengujian beton ringan agregat plastik meliputi pengujian beton segar dan beton yang telah mengeras memperlihatkan beton segar agregat plastik mempunyai kelecakan yang baik, berat isi kering 1742 kg/m3, kuat tekan ratarata beton ringan bergradasi normal (263,333 ? 270,757) kg/cm2 dan kuat tekan rata-rata beton ringan bergradasi modifikasi (228,374 ? 263,333) kg/cm2. Kuat tekan beton yang didapat dengan menggunakan kuat tekan mortar maksimum masih dibawah kuat tekan target rencana sebesar 287,2 kg/cm2, modulus elastisitas sebesar (104612-104642) kg/cm2, Poisson?s Ratio (0,2201-0,2212). Berdasarkan pada hasil kuat tekan beton ringan terjadi penurunan kekuatan untuk beton ringan dengan spesimen kubus ukuran (5_5_5) cm sebesar 0,97 kali lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan beton ringan spesimen kubus ukuran (15_15_15) cm, hal ini diperkirakan terjadi karena agregat plastik dengan gradasi yang lebih kecil mempunyai porositas yang besar sehingga berpengaruh pada kuat tekan beton ringan yang dihasilkan. Besarnya porositas yang terjadi pada agregat dengan gradasi yang lebih kecil dikarenakan pola pemecahan yang berulang-ulang pada saat mendapatkan gradasi agregat tersebut dan diperkirakan timbul retak-retak pada struktur dalam agregat. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan pengujian porositas dimana untuk agregat ringan ukuran (6.35-4.75) mm porositasnya sebesar 28,37% sedangkan agregat ringan ukuran (25,4-9,5) mm porositasnya hanya sebesar 12,67%.

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ABSTRACT
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is classified as thermoplastic polyester that is commercially produced by condensation system. PET is used as the basic raw material to produce plastic bottle with specific gravity ranging between 0.92-0.96 and will become hardened when it has heated. Based on physical characteristic of PET, this study has been done an investigation about PET as basic raw material for lightweight coarse aggregates and the usage of these aggregates in lighweight concrete. Lightweight coarse aggregates for lightweight concrete produced from burned plastic PET bottle. The shape of aggregates were irregular and angular with smooth surface. The geometric characteristic of aggregates were generally look like of coarse aggregate. The test results of physical properties of aggregates such as specific gravity is 1,316, density is 820 kg/m3, and the resistance of abration is 28,40%. Aggregates crushing strength result of lightweight coarse aggregate show on a size cube of (5_5_5) cm has strength larger by 1,06 times compared to a size cube of (15_15_15) cm, but in the calculation of lighweight concrete mixture were used the aggregates crushing strength of cube (15_15_15) cm. In this study, lightweight coarse and fine aggregate were classified according to the size of concrete cube so there are two different type of lightweight concrete, a modification and normal grade. Based on test of lightweight concrete including fresh and hardened concrete show that the fresh concrete has good workability, dry weight of concrete 1742 kg/m3, the average strength of lightweight concrete with a normal grade were ranging between (263,333-270,757) kg/cm2 and a modification grade were ranging between (228,374-263,333) kg/cm2, strength of concretes results with the used that have maximum strength mortar were still below the target strength equal to 287,2 kg/cm2, modulus of elasticity was ranging between (104612-104642) kg/cm2, and Poisson?s ratio was ranging between (0,2201-0,2212). Based on the result of compressive strength of lightweight concrete, the decrease in strength of concrete cube (5_5_5) cm was occured because of the aggregates that were used have relatively high porosity. High porosity was occured because of repeatedly crushing process to get smaller aggregates, and its process would cause fracture in interstructure of aggregates. The result of porosity test show that lightweight coarse aggregate with size (6.35-4.75) mm or the smaller ones has porosity 28,37% compared by coarse aggregate with size (25,4-9,5) mm that has porosity only 12,67%.

Abstrak :
Kebutuhan akan kemasan produk di bidang otomotif di Indonesia sangat tinggi. Salah satunya untuk kemasan pelumas kendaraan bermotor. Di Jakarta menurut data Dinas Pekerjaan Umum jumlah sepeda motor sampai Maret 2007 mencapai 3.325.790 unit, sehingga akan ada banyak limbah plastik yang dihasilkan dari produk kemasan itu. Akan tetapi kita tahu limbah plastic tersebut dapat di daur ulang.

Botol plastik pelumas kendaraan bermotor merupakan polimer dari jenis polyethylene dengan nama kimiawinya High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) yang diproduksi melalui polimerisasi ethylane (C2H4) dengan variabel proses seperti energi panas, tekanan, dan katalis. Mempunyai Berat jenis antara 0.941-0.965 dan akan mengeras bila dipanaskan.

Berdasarkan karakteristik fisik dari HDPE, dalam studi ini telah dilakukan penelitian limbah botol plastik HDPE sebagai bahan baku pembuatan agregat kasar ringan dan menggunakannya dalam campuran beton ringan.

Agregat kasar ringan dihasilkan dari pembakaran botol HDPE sisa kemasan pelumas kendaraan bermotor, hasil pembakaran diperoleh agregat dengan bentuk tidak beraturan dan bersudut dengan tekstur permukaan halus, licin dan mengkilap dan berwarna abu-abu, coklat dan hijau.

Pengujian sifat fisik agregat diperoleh berat jenis sebesar 0,952, penyerapan air 0,817%, berat isi 545 kg/m3, dan keausan agregat 29,64%. Dari pengujian kuat tekan hancur agregat terhadap 2 ukuran spesimen kubus diperoleh kuat tekan hancur agregat plastik kubus (5×5×5) cm lebih besar 3,74 kali dibandingkan dengan kubus (15×15×15) cm, data tersebut tidak representatif karena benda uji telah mengalami retak sebelum di tes tekan.akibat dari susut yang ekstrim pada saat pengeringan sampel kubus plastik (15x15x15) cm.

Dalam studi ini, agregat ringan plastik dan agregat halus normal (pasir alam) diklasifikasikan berdasarkan ukuran spesimen kubus yang digunakan yaitu kubus beton (5×5×5) cm dan (15×15×15) cm sehingga diperoleh beton ringan agregat bergradasi normal dan beton ringan agregat bergradasi modifikasi. Dari pengujian kuat tekan beton ringan agregat plastik terhadap 2 ukuran specimen kubus beton ringan, dihasilkan angka perbandingan rata-rata sebesar 1,07.

Dari hasil pengujian beton ringan agregat plastik meliputi pengujian beton segar dan beton yang telah mengeras memperlihatkan beton segar agregat plastik mempunyai kelecakan yang sedang, berat isi kering 1607 kg/m3, kuat tekan rata-rata kubus beton ringan bergradasi normal (12,22 ? 12,44) MPa dan kuat tekan rata-rata kubus beton ringan bergradasi modifikasi (10,89 ? 12,33) MPa. Kuat tekan beton yang didapat dengan menggunakan kuat tekan mortar maksimum masih dibawah kuat tekan target rencana sebesar 28,72 MPa, modulus elastisitas sebesar (2609-2701) MPa, Poisson?s Ratio (0,1592-0,1632).

Pengaruh bentuk, tekstur permukaan dan gradasi agregat kasar ringan berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan yang akan dihasilkan. Semakin kecil ukuran agregat kasar ringan maka kekuatan agregat kasar ringan tipe HDPE juga semakin rendah. Karena telah terjadi perlemahan pada ikatan mikro struktur agregatnya pada saat proses pemecahan yang berulang-ulang.

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The needs of product packaging in Automotive industry in Indonesia are very high. One of the examples is lubricant plastic bottle for motor cycle. Based on information from Public Work Department the sum of motor cycle until March 2007 has increased significantly to 3.325.790 units, thus it means that there are lots of wastes from the lubricant packs. However we know that plastic is a material that can be recycled.

The Lubricant Plastic Bottle is classified as Polyethylene polymer as known as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) that produces by ethylene polymerization with variable process like thermal energy, pressure, and catalyze. It has specific gravity range between 0,941-0,965 and become hardened if heated.

This Research is to analyze HDPE that recycling as basic raw material for lightweight coarse aggregates and the usage of these aggregates in lightweight concrete base on its physical characteristic.

First of all, burn the lubricant bottle to be a coarse lightweight aggregate so we will have aggregate with irregular and angular shape, smooth surface, shiny with grey, brown and green colors.

The results of physical properties of aggregates are: specific gravity is 0,952, water absorption 0,817 %, density is 545 kg/m3, and the resistance of abrasion is 29,64%. The crushing test between 2 cube size show that crushing test of cube size (5x5x5)cm is 3,74 more larger than cube size (15x15x15) cm but this data isn?t representative, the sample had crack before doing crushing and it because extreme shrinkage of cube size (15x15x15) cm.

In this study, plastic lightweight aggregate and fine normal aggregate (sand) were classified according to cube specimen used (5x5x5 cm & 15x15x15 cm) so we got two different type of aggregate, they are normal gradation and modification gradation aggregate. The crushing test between 2 lightweight concrete cube size sample show the average ratio point is 1,07.

From the test result of lightweight concrete including fresh and hardened concrete show that the fresh concrete has middle workability, dry weight of concrete 1607 kg/m3, the average strength of lightweight concrete with a normal grade were ranging between (12,22 ? 12,44) MPa and a modification grade were ranging between (10,89 ? 12,33) MPa, Concrete strength that we got with the used of maximum mortar strength were still below the target strength equal to 28,72 MPa, modulus of elasticity was ranging between (2609-2701) MPa, and Poisson?s ratio was ranging between (0,1592-0,1632).

The study shows that the effect of shape and surface texture of lightweight coarse aggregate has influenced crushing test result. Smaller size of lightweight coarse aggregate has resulted in lower strength of HDPE aggregate. In order to produce smaller size of lightweight coarse aggregate repetition of impact on bigger size aggregate were conducted resulting in weakening of micro structure bond of the aggregates.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menyajikan model tegangan dan regangan dalam tekan pada spesimen beton terkekang dan tidak terkekang di dalam tekan yang menggunakan plastik Polypropilene sebagai pengganti agregat kasar. Hasil test tekan pada berbagai spesimen kolom pendek akan dikaji dan di analisa pada karakteristik tegangan-regangan, efek dari penulangan kekangan, dan peningkatan kemampuan gaya tekannya. Berdasarkan hasil test, tulangan kekang meningkatkan kuat tekan, serta daktilitas penampang. Identifikasi parametrik terhadap berbagai persamaan umum dari beton normal yang sudah ada digunakan terhadap hasil eksperimen untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter baru koefisien kekangan  k1 dan k2 yang sesuai untuk beton ringan. Diagram tegangan-regangan untuk spesimen beton ringan kolom lingkaran dan persegi dari hasil eksperimen dibandingkan dengan diagram tegangan-regangan untuk beton normal yang umum dipakai, hasilnya menunjukkan kesesuaian yang baik. ......Plastic production in the world ramped up to 322 million tons annual in 2015 with growth rate of 8.4% annually resulting large amount of plastic waste in nature. These plastic wastes are almost non-degradable in nature and polluting the environment in land and the sea. The use of recycled plastic aggregate for coarse aggregate in concrete is part of efforts to reduce environmental pollution by processing plastic grain in to coarse aggregate to substitute nature aggregate for light concrete. This study presents the analysis of concrete stress and strain model under compression of unconfined and confined concrete using Polypropilene plastic as substitution for coarse aggregate. To improve bonding between plastic aggregate and cement paste, this plastic aggregate is then coated with sands by placing and mixing the plastic aggregate with sands into a heater rotating cylinder. Test results of various specimens of short column will be reviewed and analysed in the stress and strain characteristics, effect of steel confinement, and performance improvement in compression. Based on experiment results, steel confinement increases compressive strength and ductility of the section. Parametric identification on established stress-strain model for normal concrete is used on the experimental results to obtain the new parameter values for confinement coefficient k1 and k2 that are suitable for this lightweight concrete. The stress-strain diagram for lightweight concrete of cylinder and square column specimen as resulted from experiment compared to the established stress-strain diagram used for normal concrete, the result indicates good agreement.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh data karakteristik agregat kasar ringan buatan limbah gelas plastik Poli Propilen (PP) terhadap kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah, dan modulus elastisitas. Pengujian sifat fisik agregat kasar ringan diperoleh berat jenis sebesar 0,9068 gr/cm3, absorpsi 0,6624, berat isi 483 kg/m3, kadar air 0,075 %, keausan agregat 7,68 %, modulus elastisitas agregat PP 1133,55 MPa dengan rasio Poisson 0,2498. Pengujian sifat mekanis beton ringan yaitu kuat tekan beton ringan sebesar 11,714 Mpa, kuat tarik belah sebesar 1,1495, modulus elastisitas sebesar 6413,9725 MPa, dan rasio Poisson sebesar 0,3241. Berdasarkan ACI 213R-87, beton ringan ini termasuk dalam klasifikasi beton ringan mutu sedang.

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The research is purpose to get the lightweight coarse aggregate characteristic from recycled Poly Propylene (PP) plastic cup waste and its effect to the modulus of elasticity, splitting-tensile and compressive strength of lightweight concrete. The results of physical properties of aggregates are: specific gravity is 0,9068 gr/cm3, water absoption is 0,6624, density is 483 kg/m3, water content is 0,075 % , the resistance of abrasion is 7,68 %, modulus of elasticity is 1133,55 MPa and Poisson's ratio of lightweight coarse aggregate is 0,2498. The results of mechanical properties of lightweight concrete such as compressive strength of lightweight concrete is 11,714 Mpa, splittting-tensile strength is 1,1495, modulus of elasticity is 6413,9725 MPa, and Poisson's ratio is 0,3241. Based on ACI 213R-87,this lightweight concrete is classified as moderate lightweight concrete.

Abstrak :
Daur ulang botol plastik HDPE putih tanpa botol oli dicampur serat metal staples sebagai bahan baku pembuatan agregat kasar ringan pada beton ringan. Agregat kasar ringan dihasilkan dari pembakaran botol plastik HDPE dengan campuran serat staples dan dilakukan pengujian terhadap agregat kasar ringan tersebut antara lain didapatkan hasil berat jenis 0,953, penyerapan air 1,937%, berat isi 500 kg/m3, rongga udara antar agregat 48,207%, abrasi 11,66%, serta 9,903 MPa kuat tekan silinder (15_30) cm. Pengujian beton ringan umur 28 hari didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut berat isi beton segar 1625 kg/m3, slump 7 cm, kuat tekan 12,902 MPa, kuat tarik belah 1,299 MPa, modulus elastisitas 9175,917 MPa, dan rasio poisson 0,2544.

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Recycled white plastic bottle HDPE with no oil bottle mixed alloy metal (staples) fiber as raw material on processing the lightweight coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete. Lightweight coarse aggregate produced by burning the plastic bottle HDPE with staples fiber and testing the lightweight coarse aggregate resulted specific gravity 0,953, absorption 1,937%, unit weight 500 kg/m3, void between aggregate 48,207%, abrasion 11,66%, and 9,903 MPa cylinder (15_30) cm compressive strength. In lightweight concrete testing at average air dry 28-day obtained result as unit weight fresh concrete 1625 kg/m3, slump 7 cm, compressive strength 12,902 MPa, splitting tensile strength 1,299 MPa, modulus of elasticity 9175,917 MPa, and poisson's ratio 0,2544.

Abstrak :
Penggunaan pecahan kaca dalam beton umumnya terbentur oleh reaksi kimia yang dihasilkan antara agregat gelas dan semen yang disebut Alkali-Silicate Reaction (ASR). Belakangan ini sudah ditemukan terobosan-terobosan untuk mengatasi hal itu. Penggunaan pecahan gelas bekas botol sebagai pengganti agregat alami beton untuk aplikasi konstruksi diharapkan mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap sumber agregat kasar alami. Skripsi ini mendalami aplikasi agregat kasar kaca dalam beton struktural dari segi kuat tekan dan kuat lentur serta susut, dengan fokus pada penggunaan limbah botol berwarna hijau. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa keberadaan agregat kasar kaca dalam beton secara umum memperkecil kuat tekan, menambah kuat lentur, dan mengurangi susut beton.

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The usage of glass as a concrete aggregate in construction applications may reduce the dependence towards natural aggregate sources despite the presence of Alkali-Silicate Reaction (ASR) long-term effects. This study observes the compressive, flexural, and shrinkage properties of concrete with glass coarse aggregate, focusing in the exclusive usage of green-colored glass by neglecting the short-term effects of Alkali Silicate Reaction. Samples are made with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% of glass coarse aggregate replacement ratios. The results show that generally the increase of glass coarse aggregate presence in concrete decreases the compressive strength, increases the flexural strength and reduces the shrinkage effects of the glass coarse aggregate concrete.