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Abstrak :
Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg adalah organisme yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai produsen biomassa. Mikroalga ini mengandung banyak nutrisi yang dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan dan antivirus bagi tubuh. Selain itu kandungan klorofilnya yang tinggi menjadikan Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg sebagai organisme pemfiksasi CO2 yang efektif. Salah satu cara yang banyak dilakukan adalah melakukan alterasi intensitas cahaya. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan metode ini dapat meningkatkan produksi biomassa Chlorella vulgaris sampai 1,61 kali dan kemampuan fiksasi CO2 meningkat 3 kali dibandingkan pemberian cahaya dengan intensitas yang sama. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari gas buang terhadap ketahanan Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg serta mengetahui kemampuan fiksasi karbondioksida oleh mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg. Penelitian ini menggunakan gas buang dari hasil pembakaran LPG yang komposisinya sudah dimodelkan dengan komposisi gas masukan 0.3 % LPG, 5 % CO2 dan 94.7 % udara. Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg akan dikultivasi dalam medium beneck sebagai sumber nutrisi pada temperatur 29_C, tekanan operasi 1 atm dengan sumber cahaya lampu Phillip Halogen 20W/12V/50Hz, volume reaktor 18 dm3, dan rentang intensitas cahaya yang dipakai adalah 4.5-35 klux. Perlakuan alterasi pencahayaan meningkatkan produksi biomassa Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg sampai 1.5 kali, sedangkan kemampuan fiksasi CO2 meningkat sebesar 2 kali dibandingkan dengan pencahayaan kontinu. Pencahayaan alterasi juga menghasilkan ketahanan yang lebih baik terhadap LPG daripada pencahayaan kontinyu, hal ini dapat dilihat dari ketahanan sel yang lebih baik, yaitu selama 176 jam, sedangkan pencahayaan kontinyu menghasilkan ketahanan sebesar 128 jam sebelum memasuki fase kematiannya.

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Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg is a potential organism to be generated as biomass producer. This microalgae species contain some nutrition that can be used as antioxidant and anti-virus for human s body. Besides high amount of chlorophyll compositions make this microalgae as effective organism in CO2 fixation. Previous research using the same method showed that this method can be used to enhance biomass Chlorella sp. production until 1.61 time and by using this method CO2 fixation s ability become greater 3 times than lightening with same intensity. The main purpose of this research is to investigate effect of exhaust gas to the Chlorella sp. resistant and to evaluate CO2 fixation by this microalgae. This research used exhaust gas from LPG combustion that its compositions have been modelized. Inlet gas composition is 0.3 % LPG, 5 % CO2, and 94.7 % air. Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg was cultivated in Beneck Medium as source of nutrition in 29_C, 1 atm, light lamp source used is Phillip 20 W/12 V/ 50 Hz. Reactor volume is 18 dm3 and range of light intensity is 4.5-35 klux. Alterating lightening treatment could enlarge Chlorella sp. biomass production until 1.5 times. Besides fixation CO2 ability could escalate until 2 times that constant lighting. Alterating lightment make microalgae resistant to LPG become better than constant lighting. This conclusion known from longer cell life time which about 176 hours. Besides, continues lightening resulted shorter life time which is about 128 hours before death phase.

Abstrak :
Kegiatan antropogenik merupakan penyebab emisi gas rumah kaca. Salah satu gas rumah kaca utama adalah CO2 dimana dihasilkan dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Tingginya konsentrasi CO2 di udara dapat dikurangi dengan melakukan fiksasi CO2 oleh organisme fotosintetik. Salah satu organisme fotosintetik yang digunakan adalah mikroalga karena mikroalga memiliki efisiensi fotosintesis yang lebih tinggi daripada tanaman terrestrial dan tidak memerlukan lahan yang luas dalam proses kultivasinya. Pada penelitian ini, mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris dikultivasi dalam reaktor 3,5 L selama 120 jam dengan variasi konfigurasi lampu dan variasi konsentrasi CO2. sebesar 24,9 g/jam dan 87,3 g/jam. Konfigurasi lampu yang digunakan menghasilkan intensitas cahaya yang berbeda yaitu 29100 lux dan 34990 lux. Kultivasi mikroalga pada konfigurasi lampu dengan intensitas cahaya sebesar 34990 lux menghasilkan produktivitas biomassa tertinggi sebesar 0,0498 g.l-1.hari-1 dengan laju fiksasi karbondioksida sebesar 6,194 g.l-1.jam-1 23,6 pada pengaliran karbon dioksida 24,9 g.jam-1. Kultivasi mikroalga pada konfigurasi lampu dengan intensitas cahaya sebesar 29100 lux menunjukan hasil yang lebih tinggi dimana menghasilkan produktivitas biomassa tertinggi sebesar 0,5586 g.l-1.hari-1 dengan laju fiksasi karbondioksida sebesar 8,280 g.l-1.jam-1 31,5 pada pengaliran karbon dioksida 24,9 g/jam. ......The anthropogenic activities have caused intensive greenhouse gases emission. One of the main greenhouse gases is CO2 which is produced by exhaust gas of self powered motor vehicle. The high concentration of CO2 in the air can be reduced by utilizing photosynthetic organism to fix CO2. One of the photosynthetic organism which can be used to fix CO2 is microalgae, because microalgae has higher photosynthetic efficiency and require smaller land to be cultivated. In this research, C.vulgaris is cultivated in 3,5 L reactor for 120 hours with varying lamp configuration and carbondioxide concentration. Photobioreactor has two types of lamp configuration which is resulting different light intensity. Cultivation using lamp configuration with light intensity of 34990 lux results in the highest biomass productivity of 0.0498 g.l 1.day 1 with carbondioxide fixation rate 6.194 g.l. 1.day 1 using carbondioxide flow at 24.9 g.hour 1. Whereas, Cultivation using lamp configuration with light intensity of 29100 lux results in the highest biomass productivity of 0.5586 g.l 1.day 1 with carbondioxide fixation rate 8.280 g.l. 1.day 1 using carbondioxide flow at 24.9 g.hour 1. The purposes of this research is to get the optimum condition which is needed C.vulgaris in biofixation lamp to fix CO2 by adjusting the concentration of CO2 and initial cell density.

Abstrak :
To reduce the level of CO2 content in air, effort on converting CO2 to useful products is required. One of the alternatives includes CO2 fixation to produce biomass using Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg. Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg is applied for production of food supplement. Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg is also easy to handle due to its superior adaptation. Currently, Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg has been analyzed by some experts for its cellular composition, its ability to produce high quality biomass and the content of essential nutrition. A series of experiments was conducted by culturing Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg using Beneck medium in bubbling column photobioreactor. The main variation in this experiment was photoperiodicity, where growth of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg was examined during photoperiodicity condition. The difference between CO2 gas concentration of inlet and outlet of the reactor during operational period, was compared to the same experiment under continuous illumination. Under photoperiodicity of 8 and 9 h/d, the culture cell densities (N) were approximately 40 % higher than under continuous illumination. Final biomass density of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg at 9 h/d illumination was 1.43 g/dm3, around 46% higher than under continuous illumination. Specific carbon dioxide transfer rate (qCO2) in photoperiodicity was 50-80% higher than under continuous illumination. These experiments showed that photoperiodicity affects the growth of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg The specific growth rate (µ) by photoperiodicity was higher than that by continuous ilumination while the growth period was two times longer. Based on the experiments, it can be concluded that photoperiodicity might save light energy consumption. The prediction of kinetic model under continuous illumination as well as under photoperiodicity illumination showed that Haldane model became the fitted kinetic model.

Abstrak :
Green Algae Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg green have a potencies such as their ability in CO2 fixation and it 's protein and essensial contents observation for supplement food purpose. Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg's cultivation results using daily cycle illumination showed that the final biomass production and CO; fixation rate are lower if compared to continuous illumination treatment. The comparisons between these two treatments are 54.0% for CTR (carbon dioxide transferred rate) value and 50.0% for qc-0; (microbial carbon dioxide fixation ability) value as parameter that shown it 's CO2 fixation ability and 79.0% for biomass production. Both of treatments was done in 1.0 L bubble column fotobioreactor content 600 mL Beneck medium that was sparged by 3.6 m/h superficial velocity of air consisting of 10. 0% CO; as carbon source at 29. 0°C and l.0 atm. Additionally, the consumption energy for biomass formation (EX) in daily cycle illumination, was 70.0% larger than continuous illumination treatment.

Abstrak :
Penelitian mengenai pengaruh pencahayaan LED merah terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan fiksasi CO2 mikroalga Spirulina platensis masih terus dikembangkan hingga saat ini, dimana mikroalga telah banyak dikenal sebagai organisme yang sangat efisien dalam menyerap karbon dioksida secara biologis dan mikroalga telah digunakan untuk memperbaiki kualitas udara dengan mengurangi kadar karbon dioksida dan meningkatkan jumlah oksigen. Pada penelitian ini, mikroalga Spirulina platensis dikultivasi menggunakan lampu LED merah dengan variasi intensitas cahaya (1000 lux, 3000 lux, dan 5000 lux) dan inokulum sel awal (OD 0,2, OD 0,3, dan OD 0,5) untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap jumlah biomassa kering, laju pertumbuhan, kemampuan fiksasi CO2, kandungan fikosianin, dan kandungan klorofil. Analisis menunjukan bahwa berat kering biomassa tertinggi dan laju pertumbuhan tertinggi didapatkan pada OD 0,5 dengan intensitas 5000 lux menggunakan lampu LED merah sebesar 0,069 mg/ml dan 0,0374 mg/hari. Lalu, fiksasi CO2 tertinggi didapatkan sebesar 0,00110 mg/mg alga menggunakan lampu LED merah pada intensitas 5000 lux. Kandungan fikosianin tertinggi didapatkan menggunakan lampu LED putih pada intensitas 3000 lux sebesar 0,033 mg/mg alga dan kandungan klorofil tertinggi didapatkan menggunakan lampu LED merah pada intensitas 3000 lux sebesar 0,883 mg/mg alga. ......Research on the effect of red LED lighting on the growth rate and CO2 fixation of Spirulina platensis microalgae is still ongoing. Microalgae are well-known organisms that are highly efficient in biologically absorbing carbon dioxide. They have been used to improve air quality by reducing carbon dioxide levels and increasing oxygen levels. In this study, Spirulina platensis microalgae were cultivated using red and white LED lights with variations in light intensity (1000 lux, 3000 lux, and 5000 lux) and initial cell density (OD 0.2, OD 0.3, and OD 0.5) to determine their effect on dry biomass, growth rate, CO2 fixation ability, phycocyanin content, and chlorophyll content. The analysis showed that the highest dry biomass weight and growth rate were obtained at OD 0.5 with an intensity of 5000 lux using red LED lights, which were 0.069 mg/ml and 0.0374 mg/day, respectively. The highest CO2 fixation was obtained at 0.00110 mg/mg algae using red LED lights at an intensity of 5000 lux. The highest phycocyanin content was obtained using white LED lights at an intensity of 3000 lux, which was 0.033 mg/mg algae. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained using red LED lights at an intensity of 3000 lux, which was 0.883 mg/mg algae.

Abstrak :
Permasalahan lingkungan seperti pemanasan global dan menipisnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil menjadi sorotan dunia pada masa kini. Penelitian ini meneliti kemampuan fiksasi CO2 oleh mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris dan lipid yang dikandung oleh mikroalga, yang mana dapat digunakan untuk sintesis biodiesel. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunaka Chlorella vulgaris dalam medium pertumbuhan berbasis pupuk organik cair, yang harganya lebih ekonomis dibandingkan dengan medium pertumbuhan mikroalga, selama 204 jam. Variasi konsentrasi pupuk organik cair yang digunakan adalah 10%, 30% dan 50% dengan medium Walne sebagai kontrol. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah pertumbuhan mikroalga terbaik didapatkan pada konsentrasi pupuk organik cair 50% dengan laju pertumbuhan terbaik pada konsentrasi pupuk organik cair 30% (0,008 ± 0,001) dalam rentang waktu 204 jam. Fiksasi CO2 terbaik didapatkan pada konsentrasi pupuk organik cair 30%, (21,29% ± 28,29) dan yield lipid terbaik didapatkan pada konsentrasi pupuk organik cair 30% (0,17%) Studi ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam perbesaran skala industri biodiesel berbasis medium pupuk organik cair.

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Environmental problems such as global warming and depletion of fossil fuel reserves si in the world spotlight now. This study examines the ability of CO2 fixation by Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and lipids contained by microalgae, which can be used for biodiesel synthesis. The research was conducted using Chlorella vulgaris in growth medium based on liquid organic fertilizer, which the price is more economical compared to microalgae growth medium, for 204 hours. Variations of the concentration of organic liquid fertilizer used was 10%, 30% and 50% with Walne medium as the control medium. The results obtained are the best microalgae growth occurs at 50% liquid organic fertilizer concentration with the best growth rate at 30% liquid organic fertilizer concentration (0.008 ± 0.001) after 204 hours. Best CO2 fixation occurred at 30% liquid organic fertilizer concentration (28.29 ± 21.29%) and the best lipid yield si at 30% liquid organic fertilizer concentration (0.17%) This study can be used as a basis in the upscaling of biodiesel industry based on liquid organic fertilizer medium.