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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Cr(III) merupakan spesi ion logam kromium (Cr) yang esensial bagi tubuh manusia karena memiliki peran penting dalam metabolisme glukosa, lemak dan protein. Untuk menetapkan konsentrasi spesi Cr(III), sistem ekstraksi titik awan digunakan sebagai metode pemisahan dan prakonsentrasi yang murah, cepat dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengembangan metode analisis Cr(III) dalam matriks susu menggunakan ligan 1-(2-piridilazo)-2-naftol (PAN) dan surfaktan nonionik Triton X-114 yang dideteksi dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom Tungku Karbon. Faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi ekstraksi seperti pH larutan, konsentrasi ligan, konsentrasi surfaktan, suhu ekstraksi dan waktu ekstraksi dioptimasi hingga mendapatkan efisiensi ekstraksi yang optimum. Penambahan Na₂SO₄ juga dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi ekstraksi. Analisis Cr(III) dalam produk susu yang telah diberi perlakuan dengan asam trikloro asetat menghasilkan presisi dengan RSD 4.1 % dan rentang perolehan kembali Cr(III) 80.0 sampai 100.8 %. Batas deteksi dalam produk susu yang diperoleh adalah 45 ng/g dan batas kuantisasi 150 ng/g. Faktor pengayaan setelah pengenceran fase kaya surfaktan 125 kali adalah 2.1 dan faktor prakonsentrasi yang diperoleh adalah 310.3. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa metode analisis dengan ekstraksi titik awan ini dapat digunakan untuk penetapan konsentrasi Cr(III) dalam produk susu.

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Cr(III) is one of chromium (Cr) metal ion species which is essential for human body because it has important role in glucose, fat and protein metabolism. To determine the concentration of Cr(III), cloud point extraction was used as a method of separation and preconcentration which is low cost, fast and environmentally friendly. In this study, analytical method development of Cr(III) in dairy products was performed using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) ligand and nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 which was detected by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Factors affecting extraction efficiency such as pH of solution, concentration of ligand, concentration of surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized to obtain optimum extraction efficiency. Addition of Na₂SO₄ was also carried out to improve extraction efficiency. The analysis of Cr(III) in dairy products which was previously treated with trichloro acetic acid produces precision with 4.1% RSD and the recovery range of Cr(III) is of 80.0 to 100.8%. The detection limit in dairy products obtained is 45 ng/g and the quantization limit is 150 ng/g. The enrichment factor after 125 times surfactant-rich phase dilution is of 2.1 and the preconcentration factor obtained is of 310.3.  It is proved that the analytical method using cloud point extraction can be employed to determine the concentration of Cr(III) in dairy products.

Abstrak :
The extraction method is cloud point extraction technique by phase separation which gives a convenient, a simple procedure, with minimal solvent usage and only needs a very discrete amount of relatively non-flammable and non-volatile surfactant which is ecofriendly. It has acknowledged usage for the extraction and preconcentration of species of extensively digress character and features likewise metal ions, proteins and other biomaterials, or organic compounds of strongly differing polarity. Here, we address the review about cloud point extraction (CPE) method as well as applications with this methodology to our environmental samples. We also discussed about the advantages, disadvantages and future trends of CPE. This technique received great attention in extraction and preconcentration by application as an isolation and trace enrichment procedure earlier to the analysis of organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, pesticides, phenolic derivatives, aromatic amines, vitamins and polybrominated biphenyl ethers), inorganic compounds and metal (copper, chromium, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt), phthalates and parabens. These techniques are coupled with gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and spectrophotometry.