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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Clitoria ternatea L., or commonly known as butterfly pea, from the family of Fabaceae, is a perennial medicinal plant. Its flower which is deep blue or white in colour is commonly used as a natural food colorant. the plant originates from tropical Asia and known to possess essential bioactive compounds where the extracts from its roots, leaves and seeds are used in the phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical investigations for therapeutic drug development. The root extracts have been reported to exhibit analgesic, anti-pyretic, anxiolytic, anti-depressant, anti-convulsant, anti-stress, anti-diarrheal, anti- asthmatic and most importantly, in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. The root extracts have shown memory enhancing properties in neonatal rats. The aim of the study was to induce roots from the seedling explants of Clitoria ternatea L. for the establishment of a root suspension culture system that could function as efficient alternative to the ex- vitro plants from the soil for harvesting of medicinal secondary metabolites. the sterilized seeds of Clitoria ternatea L. were germinated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and the cotyledon and hypocotyl from the 7 - 8 days old seedlings were placed in the media supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations. It was evident that NAA was the potential growth hormone for root induction in Clitoria ternatea L. the cotyledon explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L NAA produced the highest percentage of root induction (70%) while 1 mg/L NAA produced the highest average number of roots from cotyledon explants. the study provided an efficient protocol for the induction of roots and callus from Clitoria ternatea L.

Abstrak :
Penderita katarak di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Diperlukan pengobatan dalam sediaan obat. Kembang telang memiliki kemampuan antikatarak. Dilakukan ekstraksi air panas antosianin pada kembang telang dengan kadar antosianin yang terekstraksi maksimum pada suhu pelarut 80oC. Katarak dimodelkan dengan rasio perbandingan senyawa Na dan Ca sebesar 16. Dilakukan perendaman model dalam ekstrak kembang telang dengan waktu perendaman 1 hingga 3 menit dan frekuensi perendalam satu hingga tiga kali. Senyawa yang meluruh dianalisis menggunakan AAS. Hasil perendaman menunjukan ekstrak kembang telang meluruhkan Na sebesar 19 -26% dan Ca sebesar 0,08-0,18% untuk waktu perendaman 1 hingga 3 menit. Untuk frekuensi perendaman satu hingga tiga kali, ion Na yang luruh sebesar 22-77% dan Ion Ca sebesar 0,08-0,36%. Rasio mol Ion Na dengan Ca yang meluruh berkisar antara 2300-4580.

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The number of cataract patients in Indonesia keeps increasing. Thus, Indonesia needs to provide more medicines for the treatment. Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) have been proven to have an anti-cataract ability. The buterfly pea petals is extracted with hot water in a maximum 80C of solvent temperature of antosianin concentration. Cataract The cataract is varied with the comparison ratio of Na and Ca is 16. The model is soaked with butterfly pea petals extract within one to three minutes for one to three times. The decayed substances are analysed with AAS. The result shows the petals extract decayes Na 19-26% and Ca 0,08-0,18% in one to three minutes. For the first to third soaking, the decayed Na is 22-27% and Ca is 0,08-0,36%. Mol ratio of the decayed Na and Ca is ranged between 2300 to 4580.

Abstrak :
Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman dari genus Clitoria yang mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sehingga berpotensi dalam menghambat enzim elastase. Namun, penelitian tentang kemampuan ekstrak dalam menghambat enzim elastase masih belum tersedia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan metode ABTS dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim elastase dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang. Sebagai langkah awal, dilakukan pengamatan mikroskopis simplisia bunga telang yang menunjukkan adanya beberapa sel atau jaringan di dalamnya, yakni stomata anomositik pada epidermis, pembuluh annular, butiran serbuk sari, kristal kalsium oksalat prismatik, papila, dan trikoma. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 45,521% dengan rata-rata kadar air ekstrak sebesar 5,445 ± 0,08%. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total kemudian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kolorimetri AlCl3 menunjukkan hasil sebesar 4,75 ± 0,7 mgEK/g ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan melalui pengujian ABTS dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang dan pembanding asam askorbat memberikan nilai IC50 dengan kategori sangat kuat, masing-masing sebesar 26,40 ± 0,2 dan 3,20 ± 0,07 ppm. Pada pengujian anti-elastase, pembanding epigalokatekin galat (EGCG) mendapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 39,4 ± 0,07 μg/mL, sedangkan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim elastase yang relatif rendah, yaitu sebesar 10,06 ± 0,2% pada konsentrasi 500 μg/mL dan 19,766 ± 0,4% pada konsentrasi 1000 μg/mL. Dengan demikian, meskipun ekstrak bunga telang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan kuat, kemampuannya dalam menghambat enzim elastase tergolong tidak aktif. ......The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant from the genus Clitoria known for its flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, making it potentially capable of inhibiting the enzyme elastase. However, research on its elastase inhibition ability is lacking in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity using the ABTS method and the elastase inhibitory activity in a 70% ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers. Microscopic observations of the flower revealed several cellular structures, including anomocytic stomata, annular vessels, pollen grains, calcium oxalate crystals, papillae, and trichomes. The extraction process used maceration with 70% ethanol, yielding a rendement of 45.521% and an average moisture content of 5.445 ± 0.08%. The total flavonoid content was determined using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, resulting in 4.75 ± 0.7 mgQE/g extract. The ABTS testing showed very strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 26.40 ± 0.2 ppm for the extract and 3.20 ± 0.07 ppm for ascorbic acid. In the anti-elastase test, the comparator epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) had an IC50 value of 39.4 ± 0.07 μg/mL. However, the extract demonstrated relatively low elastase inhibitory activity, with inhibition rates of 10.06 ± 0.2% at 500 μg/mL and 19.766 ± 0.4% at 1000 μg/mL. Thus, while the butterfly pea flower extract exhibits strong antioxidant potential, its ability to inhibit elastase is less effective compared to EGCG. This suggests that the extract might be more useful for applications focused on antioxidant properties rather than as an elastase inhibitor.

Abstrak :
Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) telah digunakan secara turun-temurun dan diketahui mengandung senyawa fenolik. Fenolik diketahui berpotensi dalam menghambat sintesis melanin melalui penghambatan enzim tirosinase dan sebagai antioksidan. Dengan demikian, bunga telang dapat dikembangkan sebagai agen pencerah kulit dan antipenuaan. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya pada ekstrak bunga telang asal Thailand, ekstrak etanol 95% konsentrasi 200 μg/mL memiliki persentase inhibisi enzim tirosinase 22,04±2,42% serta pada ekstrak air suling memiliki aktivitas antioksidan 0,38±0,01 mmol ekuivalen FeSO4/mg ekstrak. Namun, belum ada penelitian lebih lanjut terkait aktivitas antitirosinase dan antioksidan dengan metode FRAP pada ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang dari Semarang, Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antitirosinase dan antioksidan dengan metode FRAP pada ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang asal Semarang, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen dan kadar air ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang berturut-turut sebesar 46,702% dan 5,303±0,072%. Berdasarkan skrining awal, ekstrak bunga telang positif mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid. Lebih lanjut, kadar fenolik totalnya adalah 32,877±0,652 mgEAG/g ekstrak. Selain itu, aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinasenya memiliki IC50 73,675±0,753 μg/mL (aktivitas kuat), sedangkan pembanding asam kojat memiliki IC50 11,423±0,065 μg/mL (aktivitas sangat kuat). Sementara itu, hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan metode FRAP-nya adalah 11,752±0,091 g ekuivalen FeSO4/100g ekstrak, sedangkan pada pembanding asam askorbat adalah 303,553±2,217 g ekuivalen FeSO4/100g asam askorbat. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang dari Semarang memiliki aktivitas antitirosinase yang kuat, tetapi aktivitas antioksidan melalui mekanisme transfer elektron yang cenderung lemah. ......Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) has been used for generations and is known to contain phenolic compounds. Phenolics are known to have potential in inhibiting melanin synthesis through inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme and as antioxidants. Thus, butterfly pea flowers can be developed as skin lightening and anti-aging agent. Based on previous research on butterfly pea flowers extract from Thailand, 95% ethanolic extract at 200 μg/mL could inhibited tyrosinase enzyme 22.04±2.42% and distilled water extract had antioxidant activity 0.38±0.01 mmol FeSO4 equivalent/mg extract. However, there was no further research related to antityrosinase and antioxidant activity with FRAP method on 70% ethanolic butterfly pea flowers extract from Semarang, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the antityrosinase and antioxidant FRAP method activities on 70% ethanolic butterfly pea flowers extract from Semarang, Indonesia. The results showed that the yield and moisture content were 46.702% and 5.303±0.072%, respectively. Based on preliminary screening, it was positive for phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Furthermore, the total phenolic content was 32.877±0.652 mgGAE/g extract. In addition, its antityrosinase activity had an IC50 73.675±0.753 μg/mL (strong activity), while kojic acid had an IC50 11.423±0.065 μg/mL (very strong activity). Meanwhile, the results of antioxidant activity test by FRAP method was 11.752±0.091 g FeSO4 equivalent/100g extract, while the ascorbic acid comparator was 303.553±2.217 g FeSO4 equivalent/100g ascorbic acid. Thus, 70% ethanolic butterfly pea flowers extract from Semarang had strong antityrosinase activity, but antioxidant activity through electron transfer mechanism was weak.