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Abstrak :
Pestisida golongan organofosfat bersifat menghambat aktivitas enzim kolinesterase di dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lamanya pajanan organofosfat terhadap aktivitas enzim kolinesterase dalam darah petani. Penelitian dilakukan pada anggota Gabungan Kelompok Tani Kelurahan Campang pada tahun 2009 menggunakan desain studi potong-lintang dan pengambilan sampel dengan metode sampel acak sederhana (56responden). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pengukuran kolinesterase dalam darah responden menggunakan Livibond Cholinesterase Test Kit AF267. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh responden mengalami keracunan dengan proporsi 71,4% keracunan ringan dan 28,6% keracunan sedang. Hasil analisis uji bivariat dengan uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara lama pajanan (lama bekerja sebagai petani penyemprot, lama menyemprot per minggu, dan waktu terakhir menyemprot) terhadap tingkat keracunan. Dibutuhkan peran pemerintah dalam memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagaimana menggunakan pestisida secara aman dan pentingnya alat pelindung diri untuk menurunkan tingkat keracunan pengguna pestisida.

Organophosphate pesticides can inhibit blood cholinesterase in human body. This study aimed to find relationship between length of exposure of organophosphate pesticides with cholinesterase enzyme activity in the farmers? blood. The study was conducted at the Joint Farmers Group in Kelurahan Campang year 2009 using crosssectional study design and sampling by the simple random sampling method (56 respondents). Data collection was carried out by interview and blood cholinesterase was measured using the Livibond Cholinesterase Test Kit AF267. Results showed that 100% farmers were poisoned, with 71.4% suffer from light-over-exposure and 28.6% moderateover exposure. Bivariate test analysis using chi-square test showed that there are no statistically significant relationship between the length of exposure (year of working as pesticide farmer, spraying time per week, and the last time spraying) with poisoning level (over-exposure probable and serious-over exposure). It takes the role of government to educate and trained farmers how to use pesticide safely and the importance of personal protective equipment to reduce the poisoning level.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Petani sawit seringkali terpajan dengan berbagai macam polusi berupa debu dari pupuk dan pajanan pestisida.Pestisida yang paling sering digunakan adalah organofosfat (OP) dan insektisida karbamat (34%). Tingkat kejadian penyakit pernapasan yang berhubungan dengan pestisida di tempat kerja sebesar 1,17 per 100.000 penuh waktu pekerja setara (FTEs). Tujuan: Menilai faalparu dan kadar kolinesterse serum padapetani sawit di Kuantan Singingi, Propinsi Riau. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional pada petani sawit di Kuantan Singingi, Propinsi Riau  bulan Agustus 2018. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster sampling. Variabel yang dinilai adalah karakteristik sosiodemografik, klinis, spirometri dan serum kolinesterase. Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS 20.0 dengan hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna bila p<0,05. Hasil: Didapatkan 116 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 34,5±8 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan (87,1%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SD (59,5%), tidak merokok (89,7%), dan masa kerja >2 tahun (84,5%). Indeks Massa Tubuh median 24,5 Kg/m² (16,85 – 44,44 Kg/m²) dan rerata kolinesterase serum 8,1±1,5 kU/L. Hasil spirometri menunjukkan kelainan restrikif pada 21,6% dan obstruktif pada 0,9% subjek penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat  hubungan antara lama pajanan (p=0,035) dengan kelainan faal paru. Analisis korelatif antara lama masa kerja dengan KVP (r_s=-0,205; p=0,027), VEP₁ (r_s=-0,235; p=0,011) dan VEP₁/KVP (r_s=-0,234; p=0,011). Kesimpulan: Rerata kolinesterase serum petani sawit di Kabupaten Singingi, Propinsi Riau sebesar 8,1±1,5 kU/L dan terdapat hubungan antara lama pajanan pestisida dengan kelainan faal paru.

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Background: Palm oil farmers are in risk to be exposed to various kinds of pollution, pesticide and fertilizer. Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate 34% insecticidesare the common pesticides used in palm oil farms. The incidence rate of pesticide-related respiratory diseases at work is 1.17 per 100.000 full-time equivalent workers (FTEs).This studyaims to characterize lung function and serum cholinesterase levels of palm oil farmers in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved oil palm farmers in the study location on August 2018 by cluster sampling design. Sociodemographic, clinical, spirometry and serum cholinesterase level characteristics were observed and statistically analyzed. Results: The study involved 116 subjects with mean age of 34.5±8 y.owhich predominated by females (87.1%), elementary school degrees (59.5%), non-smokers (89.7%) and workers with working period >2 years (84.5%). Mean body mass index was 24.5kg/m² (16.85–44.44 Kg/m²) and mean serum cholinesterase was 8.1±1.5kU/L. Spirometric examination showed restrictive (21.6%) and obstructive (0.9%) lung function. There was a significant correlation between length of working period and FVC (r=-0.205; p=0.027), VEP₁ (r=-0.235; p=0.011) and VEP₁/FVC (r=-0.234; p=0.011). There was no significant difference of serum cholinesterase level between abnormal lung function groups (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The mean serum cholinesterase of palm oil farmers was 8.1±1.5kU/L. The study showed there wascorrelation between the duration of exposure to pesticides and lung function abnormalities.