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Abstrak :
Gizi buruk yang merupakan masalah penting di semua negara-negara miskin dan berkembang bertanggung jawab terhadap 60 persen kematian balita. Prevalensi balita gizi buruk di Indonesia tergolong tinggi, pada 2005, berbagai propinsi di Indonesia melaporkan 76.178 balita mengalami gizi buruk. Kasihan adalah salah satu kecamatan di kabupaten Bantul berbatasan dengan Kotamadya Yogyakarta yang menghadapi permasala- han gizi buruk. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui angka kejadian dan faktor risiko gizi buruk di Kecamatan Kasihan, Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol meliputi kelompok kasus 54 balita malnutrisi dan kelompok kontrol 54 balita gizi baik. Status gizi di- tentukan berdasarkan Z score berat badan menurut umur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan ibu yang tinggi (OR = 0,4 ; 95% CI = 0,19 _ 0,79), jarang kelahiran lebih dari 60 bulan (OR = 0,3; 95% CI = 0,11 _ 0,90), berat lahir normal (OR = 0,2; 95% CI = 0,10 _ 0,60), dan riwayat penyakit kronis (OR = 0,3; 95% CI = 0,14 _ 0,80) merupakan faktor protektif malnutrisi pada balita. Malnutrisi tidak berhubungan dengan umur ibu, paritas, tingkat pendidikan ayah, pendapatan keluarga, riwayat ASI, anggota keluarga yang merokok dan imunisasi campak.

Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in chil- dren under five years of age in developing countries./ Malnutrition signifi- cantly increases the risk of infant and child death. Although the incidence of malnutrition in Yogyakarta lower than other provinces in Indonesia, the prevalence of severe malnutrition of children under five years of age was 1.14%. the objective of this study were to identify and determine the risk factors for malnutrition in children under the five years of age in Kasihan 1, Bantul District. Case control design was conducted among 54 children un- der the age of five with malnutrition (z score <-2 Deviation Standart) and 54 comparison children from Kasihan 1. The data were collected using struc- Artikel Penelitian Faktor Risiko Malnutrisi pada Balita Malnutrition Risk Factor for Under Five Years Titik Kuntari, Nur Aisyah Jamil, Sunarto, Opi Kurniati 572 tured questionnaire. The children?s weight and length were measured using standardized and calibrated device. Nutrition state classified using Z score (weight for age) Anthropometry WHO software version 2011. The protective factors for malnutrition were high maternal education (OR = 0.4 ; 95% CI = 0.19 _ 0.79), birth space more than 60 months (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.11 _ 0.90), normal birth weight (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.10 _ 0.60), and no history of chronic disease (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.14 _ 0.80). There are no rela- tionship between malnutrition with maternal age, parity, paternal education, income, history of breastfeeding, smoking member of family and measles immunization.

Abstrak :
Pneumonia adalah penyakit infeksi yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada balita di dunia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007 melaporkan bahwa kematian balita di Indonesia mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor determinan terjadinya pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Kriteria sampel adalah balita (0 ? 59 bulan) yang menjadi responden Riskesdas 2013. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian pneumonia balita, sedangkan variabel independennya adalah karakteristik individu, lingkungan fisik rumah, perilaku penggunaan bahan bakar, dan kebiasaan merokok. Penetapan kejadian pneumonia berdasarkan hasil wawancara, dengan batasan operasional diagnosis pneumonia oleh tenaga kesehatan dan/atau dengan gejala pneumonia dalam periode 12 bulan terakhir. Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 82.666 orang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang paling berperan dalam kejadian pneumonia balita adalah jenis kelamin balita (OR = 1,10; 95% CI = 1,02 ? 1,18), tipe tempat tinggal (OR = 1,15; 95% CI = 1,06 ? 1,25), pendidikan ibu (OR = 1,20; 95% CI = 1,11 ? 1,30), tingkat ekonomi keluarga/kuintil indeks kepemilikan (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,10 ? 1,30), pemisahan dapur dari ruangan lain (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,05 ? 1,34), keberadan/kebiasaan membuka jendela kamar (OR = 1,17; 95% CI = 1,04 ? 1,31), dan ventilasi kamar yang cukup (OR = 1,16; 95% CI = 1,04 ? 1,30). Disimpulkan bahwa faktor sosial, demografi, ekonomi dan kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah secara bersama-sama berperan terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia.

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Pneumonia is an infectious disease which is a major cause of mortality in children under five years of age in the world. National Basic Health Research 2007 reported that infant mortality in Indonesia has reached 15.5%. The objective of the study was to identify the determinant factors related to Pneumonia pada Anak Balita di Indonesia Pneumonia among Children Under Five Years of Age in Indonesia Athena Anwar, Ika Dharmayanti the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in Indonesia. The research design was cross sectional, using National Basic Health Research 2013 data. Sample criteria were children under five years of age (0 ? 59 months). The dependent variable was the incidence of pneumonia among children under five years of age, while the independent variables were individual characteristics, physical environment of house, types of fuel used, and smoking habit. There were 82,666 samples that fulfilled the study criteria. The result showed that determinant factors contributing to the incidence of pneumonia in children were sex (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.02 ? 1.18), residence (urban/rural) (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1,06 ? 1,25), maternal education (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11 ? 1.30), household poverty index quintile (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10 ? 1.30) , kitchen separation (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05 ? 1.34), window availability in bedroom (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04 ? 1.31), and bedroom ventilation (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.04 ? 1.30). This study concluded that social factors, demographic, economic levels and the physical environment of house simultaneously contributed to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five of age.