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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK TB paru merupakan salah satu penyebab kesakitan dan kematian yang sering terjadi pada anak. Data WHO 2018 menyebutkan terdapat 1,1 juta kasus TB pada anak-anak terjadi tiap tahunnya. Salah satu penyebab TB pada anak adalah status gizi. Status gizi yang buruk dapat membuat imunitas anak rentan dan dapat terserang Tuberculosis paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan unuk melihat ada tidaknya hubungan status gizi terhadap kejadian tuberculosis (TB) paru anak usia 1-5 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi crossectional dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 1-5 tahun dengan jumlah sampel 27779. Variabel perancu jenis kelamin, wilayah tempat tinggal, status imunisasi BCG, status pendidikan orang tua, status pekerjaan orang tua, keberadaan perokok, dan kondisi fisik rumah. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square Hasil analisis bivariate didapat bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status gizi terhadap tuberculosis paru anak usia 1-5 tahun (p<0,05) dengan PR 1,78 (95% CI; 1,1-2,9). Anak yang memiliki status gizi kurang akan berisiko 1,78 kali mengalami TB paru anak dibanding anak dengan status gizi normal. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan desain yang berbeda dan variabel lainnya.

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ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is one of the causes of morbidity and death that often occurs in children. WHO 2018 data states that there are 1.1 million TB cases in children occur each year. One of the causes of TB in children is nutritional status. Poor nutritional status can make a child's immunity vulnerable and can be affected by pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aims to see whether there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children aged 1-5 years in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional study design using Riskesdas 2018 data. The sample of the study is children aged 1-5 years with a total sample of 27779. Variable confounding, like as sex,, residence area, BCG immunization status, parental education status, parental employment status old age, the existence of smokers, and the physical condition of the house. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test The results of bivariate analysis found that there was a relationship between nutritional status and pulmonary tuberculosis of children aged 1-5 years (p <0.05) with PR 1.78 (95% CI; 1.1-2.9 ). Children who have less nutritional status are 1.78 times at risk of developing pulmonary TB compared to children with normal nutritional status. Further research is needed by using different designs and other variables.(i/>

Abstrak :
Prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronik pada anak selalu meningkat dan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi hingga gagal tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi gambaran status gizi dan mencari hubungan status gizi dengan faktor yang berhubungan pada anak dengan PGK fase pradialisis dengan desain cross-sectional. Data diambil di Poliklinik Nefrologi RSCM Jakarta. Analisis data menggunakan metode ANOVA, independent sample t-test, spearman, dan mann-whitney dengan SPSS Versi 25. Rerata status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U didapatkan bergizi baik, yakni -1,02. Rerata perawakan berdasarkan TB/U didapatkan perawakan pendek dengan z-score -2,71. Terdapat 8 subjek berusia di bawah 10 tahun dengan median z-score BB/U di rentang berat badan kurang, yakni -2,77. Analisis bivariat antara BB/U, IMT/U, dan TB/U dengan stadium penyakit ginjal kronik, jenis kelamin, faktor etiologi primer, hipertensi, anemia, usia, status ekonomi keluarga, durasi penyakit, dan tingkat pendidikan orangtua tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan (p>0,05). Analisis bivariat antara BB/U dan IMT/U dengan gangguan mineral tulang tidak berhubungan signifikan (p>0,05). Namun, analisis bivariat TB/U dengan gangguan mineral tulang (p=0,005) memiliki hubungan signifikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rerata status gizi anak PGK stadium 3—5 fase pradialisis memiliki berat badan kurang, perawakan pendek, tetapi bergizi baik. Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi anak dengan gangguan mineral tulang tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan faktor lainnya. ......The prevalence of pediatric chronic kidney disease is increasing annually and can lead to malnutrition to failure to thrive. This study aims to identify the nutritional status of children with chronic kidney disease and its related factors using cross-sectional design held at Pediatric Nephrology Clinic RSCM Jakarta. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, independent sample t-test, spearman, and mann-whitney with SPSS Version 25. Nutritional status based on BMI-for-age showed the subjects had good nutrition with a mean z-score of -1.02. Stature based on height-for-age showed a mean z-score of -2,71, classified as stunted. There were 8 subjects under the age of 10 with a median z-score -2,77, classified as underweight based on the weight-for-age. Bivariate analysis between weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age with CKD stage, gender, primary etiological factor, hypertension, anaemia, age, family economic status, duration of illness, and parental education level did not show a significant association (p>0.05). Bivariate analysis between weight-for-age and BMI-for-age with mineral and bone disorder was also not significantly related (p>0.05). However, bivariate analysis of height-for-age with CKD-MBD (p=0.005) had a significant association. This study concluded that children with CKD stage 3-5 in the predialysis phase were underweight, stunted, but well-nourished. There was a significant association between nutritional status and CKD-MBD but no association with other factors.

Abstrak :
The objectives of this study was to determine whether different health center performance was related to children nutritional status. The study was cross-sectional. Two sampling technique were used. The first stage used simple random sampling of finite population, which selected 37 out of 100 health centers. The second stage used comparing of two proportion, where 254 children between 6-36 months were selected from 3 health centers in upper level and other 3 health centers in lower level. Health center performance in Bandung district were low. Staff capability was the most influencing factor for health center performance and nutrition service quality. Different performance scores in two groups of health center (205.5± 2.1 for low group vs. 273.01- 3.7 for high group) was not positively related to children nutritional status (p>.05). Mother's knowledge as an outcome of health center performance has strategic role on the improvement of children nutritional status.

Abstrak :
Upaya menurunkan prevalensi kurang gizi pemerintah membuat program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Cakupan Kadarzi Kota Depok tahun 2011 rendah (12,7%) dan prevalensi gizi kurang, pendek, kurus berturut-turut 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita 6 59 bulan berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei Kadarzi 2011. Survei dilakukan di sebelas kecamatan Kota Depok menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 1.176 keluarga yang memiliki balita termuda umur 6 59 bulan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah status gizi balita, perilaku Kadarzi, status Kadarzi, karakteristik balita, dan karakteristik keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi balita gagal tumbuh 31%. Terdapat dua variabel yang memberikan pengaruh status gizi balita secara bersama-sama yaitu penimbangan balita (nilai p = 0,003) dan pendidikan ibu (nilai p = 0,034). Uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan penimbangan balita sebagai faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita. Balita yang ditimbang tidak teratur berisiko 1,5 kali mengalami gagal tumbuh dibandingkan yang ditimbang teratur. Indeks CIAF berguna untuk mengetahui prevalensi gizi kurang secara keseluruhan dan penanggulang-annya. Diperlukan penyuluhan dan promosi yang lebih aktif kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemantauan pertumbuhan balita melalui posyandu dan melakukan pembinaan kader posyandu dalam pemantauan status pertumbuhan anak sebagai deteksi dini adanya gangguan pertumbuhan.

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Effort to reduce malnutrition governments make Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Kadarzi in Depok 2011 still low (12,7%) and the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting are respectively 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. This study aimed to determine the dominant factor for nutritional status of children based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure Children Nutritional Status Based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure Nurani Rahmadini, Trini Sudiarti, Diah Mulyawati Utari Research using secondary data survey Kadarzi 2011. The survey was conducted using a cross sectional study in 11 districts. Samples of 1,176 families who have children youngest aged 6 59 months. The variables studied were the nutritional status, Kadarzi behaviors, Kadarzi status, children characteristics, and family characteristics. Results showed prevalence of growth faltering (31%). There are two variables that influence nutritional status, child?s weighing (p value = 0,003) and mother?s education (p value = 0,034). Multiple logistic regression analysis show child?s weighing as a dominant factor to the nutritional status of children. Children who are weighed not regularly are more risky 1,5 to get growth faltering then children who are weighed regularly. CIAF is useful to determine prevalence of undernutrition clearly and its solution. Counseling and promotion about child?s growth monitoring are required as early detection of growth faltering.

Abstrak :
Kekurangan Energi Protein (KEP) pada balita merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang masih menjadi beban bagi negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. KEP pada balita merupakan akibat langsung dari kurangnya asupan zat gizi dan status kesehatan yang buruk karena penyakit infeksi, dan akibat tidak langsung dari ketahanan pangan keluarga, pola asuh anak, pelayanan kesehatan, lingkungan dan faktor yang terdapat pada balita sendiri. Prevalensi KEP di Sumatera Barat menunjukkan trend negatif. Sejak tahun 1995 sampai 2000 terjadi peningkatan prevalensi KEP dari 15,26% menjadi 23%, kondisi aman bertambah berat dengan adanya krisis ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita di Sumatera Barat tahun 2001. Desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Data merupakan hasil Studi Pengembangan Metode Identifikasi Kelompok Masyarakat Miskin di Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Indonesia oleh Puslitbang Gizi dan Bappenas. Populasi adalah keluarga yang memiliki balita di wilayah penelitian Sumatera Barat. Sampel adalah keluarga yang memiliki balita, terpilih sebanyak 821 keluarga yang memiliki balita dan selanjutnya 802 responden yang layak dianalisis. Status gizi dihitung berdasarkan indeks BBJ baku rujukan WHO-NCHS, konsumsi zat gizi dihitung dengan metode semi quantitative food frequency. Variabel dependen adalah status gizi sedangkan variabel independent adalah sosio ekonomi (konsumsi energi per kapita, konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita, persen pengeluaran pangan, kemampuan berobat, kategori miskin), sosio demografi (umur anak, jenis kelamin anak, umur ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita dalam keluarga), dan lingkungan (kondisi fisik rumah, sarana jamban keluarga dan sarana air minum). Analisis data meliputi univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan mean, median, standar deviasi, minimum-maksimum, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Ditemukan prevalensi KEP sebesar 25,9% (18,8% gizi kurang, 7,1% gizi buruk). Variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi balita adalah konsumsi energi per kapita, konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita, umur anak, jenis kelamin anak, dan kondisi fisik rumah. Selanjutnya analisis multivariat menunjukkan variable yang secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan status gizi balita adalah konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita, umur anak dan jenis kelamin anak. Anak umur 37-59 bulan cenderung menderita KEP 8,34 kali anak umur 0-6 bulan, anak umur 13-36 bulan cenderung menderita KEP 10,23 kali anak 0-6 bulan, dan anak umur 7-12 bulan cenderung menderita KEP 3,82 kali anak 0-6 bulan, setelah dikontrol variabel konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita dan jenis kelamin anak. Perlu sosialisasi masalah KEP kepada pengambil kebijakan di lokasi penelitian agar penanggulangannya diprioritaskan; perlu penyuluhan tentang cars mempersiapkan penyapihan, perlu pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dengan memotivasi beternak (ayamlitik), perlu penyuluhan kepada pemuka masyarakat agar anak perempuan lebih diperhatikan (sesuai dengan matrilineal). ......Factors Related to Under Five Years Children's Nutritional Status in West Sumatera in 2001 (Secondary Data Analysis)Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) among under five years children has been one of health problems burdening the developing countries, including Indonesia. PEM among under five years children is a direct consequence of lack of nutrient intake and poor health status due to infectious diseases, and an indirect consequence of family sustenance, child rearing pattern, health care service, the environment, and under five years children's internal factors. Prevalence of PEM in West Sumatera showed negative trend. From 1995 to 2000 the PEM prevalence increased from 15.26% to 23%, and worsened with the economic crisis. This research aimed to find out what factors were related to under five years children's nutritional status in West Sumatera in 2001. The research design used was cross sectional. The data were results from the Study of Method Development of Impoverished Communities Identification in Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Study Pengembangan Metode Identifikasi Kelompok Masyarakat Miskin di Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Indonesia) conducted by Nutrition Research and Development Center (Puslitbang Gizi) and National Development Planning Board (Bappenas). The population was families with under five years children in the researched area in West Sumatera. The sample was families with under five years children, numbering to 821 families, 802 of whom were fit to be analyzed. The nutritional status was calculated based on WFA index standard reference from WHO-NCHS, and the nutrient intake was calculated using semi quantitative food frequency method. The dependent variable was the nutritional status, while the independent variables were socioeconomic (energy intake per capita, protein intake per capita, income per capita, percentage of expenses on food, ability to afford medical assistance, poverty line), sociodemographic (child's age, child's sex, mother's age, number of family members, number of under five years children in the family), and environmental (physical condition of the house, family toilet facilities, and drinking water facilities). The data analysis comprised univariate analysis with frequency distribution, mean, median, deviation standard, minimum-maximum; bivariate analysis with chi-square; and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of PEM was found at 25.9% (18.8% moderately malnourished, 7.1% severely malnourished). Variables significantly related to under five years children nutritional status were energy intake per capita, protein intake per capita, income per capita, child's age, child's sex, and physical condition of the house. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that variables correlatively related to under five years children's nutritional status were protein intake per capita, income per capita, child's age, and child's sex. After being controlled with variables of protein intake per capita, income per capita, and child's sex, the risk of suffering from PEM among under five years children aged 37-59 months was 8.34 times higher than that among babies aged 0-6 months; among under five years children aged 13-36 months it was 10.23 times higher than that among babies aged 0-6 months; and among babies aged 7-12 months it was 182 times higher than that among babies aged 0-6 months. The followings need to be done in dealing with PEM: first, socializing PEM issue to decision makers in the researched area so that its management is prioritized; second, educating mothers about proper weaning; third, empowering the people's economy by encouraging them to raise chickens or ducks; and fourth, educating the local leaders to pay more attention to little girls welfare (which is in accordance with the local matriarchal custom).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Kurang Energi Protein (KEP) sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah gzi utama di Kabupaten Cianjur. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut baik melalui lintas program maupun lintas sektor yang dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya lebih dipertajam ke kantong kantong KEP. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah diketahuinya status gizi balita di Kabupaten Cianjur pada tahun 1996 dan hubungannya dengan tingkat pendidikan ibu, produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), pencapaian program imunisasi campak, program. penanggulangan ISPA, cakupan pencemaran air bersih (PAB), cakupan jamban keluarga (JAGA), dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam. penimbangan (D/S). Studi ini dilaksanakan di 215 posyandu dari 187 desa terpilih dengan perbandingan 164 posyandu dari desa tidak miskin dan 51 posyandu dad desa miskin di seluruh kecamatan yang ada (24 kecamatan). Populasi dan desa miskin di seluruh kecamatan yang ada (24 kecamatan). Populasi dan sampel studi adalah seluruh balita yang ada di posyandu terpilih (215 posyandu). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa angka kurang energi protein (KEP) pada balita di Kabupaten DT II Cianjur sebesar 19,4%. Tidak ada kecamatan yang tidak memiliki kantong KKP, angka KEP di kantong-kantong KEP tersebut berkisar antara 12% s.d. 59%. Dari uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara prevalensi KEP total dengan pendidikan ibu, penggunaan air bersih, frekuensi diare, dan penggunaan jamban keluarga. Sementara dengan cakupan imunisasi campak, penanggulangan ISPA, PDRB, dan partisipasi rnasyarakat di posyandu tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan. Mengingat hal diatas, hasil studi ini agar dapat dijadikan bahan masukan bagi perencanaan baik untuk program gizi sendiri maupun untuk program penanggulangan penyakit diare (P2 Diare), program penyediaan air bersih, dan jamban keluarga serta perencanaan koordinasi dengan Depdikbud dalam program kejar paket A dan B untuk daerah dengan KEP tinggi harus mendapat prioritas.

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ABSTRACT Background Currently, in District of Cianjur the Protein Calorie Deficiency remains as the major nutritional problem. A lot of effort both in inter programs and inter sector of which the implementation is more ficused to the order to overcome the problem. Aims The aims of this study is to obtain the under five children nutritional status in the distric of Cianjur in 1996 and its relations to the mother's educational level, Bruto Regional Domestic Product, the achievement of the measles immunization program, the coverage of the use of clean water, the coverage of the family septic tank toilet and people's participation in the body weight scalling Method This study is carried out in 215 Posyandus (The Integrated Service Post) from 187 selected villages which consist of 164 posyandu of non poor villages and 51 posyandus of poor villages in whole exiting subdistricts (24 subdistrics). The population and samples for this study are all the under five chlidren in the selected posyandus (215 Posyandu) Result The study shows that the rate of Protein Calorie Deficiency of under five children in the Distric of Cianjur is 19,4%. All subdistricts have the 'protein calorie deficiency area with the rate of protein calorie deficiency in these areas range between 12% to 59%. The statistical test shows relation of total prevalence of protein calori deficiency and mother's educational level, the use of clean water, the frequency of diarrhoea and the use of family septic tank toilet. Meanwhile, it shows no relation with the coverage of measles immunization, the upper respiratory tract infection overcoming program, bruto regional domestic product, and people's participation in posyandu. Considering the above matter, the result of this study could be potential input for planning of nutritional program as well as communicable disease control (diarrhoea), clean water provision program and family septic tank toilet. And for coordinating with Departement of Education and Culture in the elimination of illiteracy program A and B in areas of high rate of protein calorie deficiency should be considered as highest priority.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas status imunisasi dasar sebelum berusia satu tahun dalam hubungannya dengan gizi anak balita di usia | — 4 tahun di seluruh Indonesia pada tahun 2007. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan metode kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan. Populasi penelitian adalah balita di seluruh Indonesia dengan populasi terjangkau balita yang masuk dalam sampel Riskedas 2007. Kasus adalah anak balita berumur 12 — 59 bulan status gizi kurang berdasarkan pengukuran tinggi badan terhadap umur. Kontrol adalah anak balita umur yang sama dengan status gizi normal berdasarkan pengukuran tinggi badan. Pengelompokan dilakukan berdasarkan baku standar WHO NCHS. Sampel dipilih dengan simple random sampling. Jumlah sampel 819, masing masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol 409. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 17.0 dengan univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian, secara univariat menunjukkan bahwa Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi yang besar status pajanan antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol termasuk faktor demografi dan latar belakang keluarga dan variabel covariat lainnya. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan probabilitas balita dengan imunisasi tidak lengkap untuk memiliki status gizi kurang kronik adalah 1,4 kali jika dibandingkan dengan anak yang memiliki imunisasi lengkap. Hasil multivariat menunjukkan adanya efek modifikasi umur tbu terhadap hubungan status imunisast dengan gizi anak balita. Status imunisasi anak tidak lengkap dan umur ibu dewasa tua maka probabilitas seorang anak untuk mengalami gizi kurang sebesar 1,13 kali jika dibandingkan dengan anak balita dengan status imunisasi lengkap dan umur ibu dewasa tua. Seorang anak protektif untuk mengalami gizi kurang jika memiliki status imunisasi anak tidak lengkap dan umur ibu dewasa muda dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,54 kali jika dibandingkan dengan anak balita dengan status imunisasi lengkap dan umur ibu dewasa tua. Seorang anak protektif untuk mengalami gizi kurang jika memiliki status imunisasi anak lengkap dan umur ibu dewasa muda dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,48 kali jika dibandingkan dengan anak balita dengan status imunisasi lengkap dan umur ibu dewasa tua. Penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa intitusi kesehatan berperan selaku regulator, koordinator dan penggerak dalam pelaksanaan program penanggulangan gizi dan imunisasi termasuk pelaksanaan penyuluhan imunisasi dan gizi masyarakat ditujukan pada segmen keluarga ibu usia dewasa muda.

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The focus of this study is the relationship between basic immunization status before first birthday and child nutritional 1 to 4 years old in Indonesia based on basic health research data in 2007. Study method is observational study with unmatched case control. The entire population is child under five years old in Indonesia however the real available population is child selected at basic health research sample 2007. Define case is child 12 to 49 month old classified under nutrition based on height by age. Control is set up as child within the same age but classified by normal nutrition status. Classification into two groups above is in reference to WHO- NCHS standard. Sample was selected by simple random sampling. Number of sample is 819, each group consist of 409 children. Data analysis conducted by SPSS 17.0 version. A method to see the relationship between two factors was run by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The result of this study, based on univariate analysis there is slightly difference between two groups including child background and other risk factors. Bivariate analysis shows a significant relationship between immunization status and child nutritional. Children with unfully immunized status has a risk to fall into under nutrition 1,46 times compared to child with fully immunized. The result multivariate analysis find out that the relationship between immunization status and child nutritional is affected by mothers age. Interpretation of this result depends on immunization status and mother age. Children with unfully immunized and mother age same or more than 35 years old is likely to be under nutrition 1,13 times compared to child with fully immunized and mother age > 35 years old. On other condition, fully immunized children within mother age less than 35 years old is protective 0,54 times to be under nutrition compared to children with fully immunized and mother age > 35 years old. The similar result for fully immunized children and mother age less than 35 years old has 0,48 times to go into under nutrition compared to children with fully immunized and mother age > 35 years old. This result suggested health institution should be acting as regulator and coordinator delivering program activities in the field. Furthermore, the local goverment does more promoting immunization and nutritional to household particularly for family with mother age less than 35 years old.

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ABSTRAK
Keterlambatan perkembangan merupakan suatu kondisi seorang anak dalam tidak mampu mencapai milestones perkembangan sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan anak seusianya. Perkembangan anak ditandai dengan kemajuan perkembangan pada berbagai domain perkembangan, salah satunya adalah perkembangan motorik kasar. Perkembangan motorik kasar dapat memprediksi tingkat maturasi sistem saraf pusat fungsional sehingga keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar akan berdampak pada keterlambatan penguasaan domain perkembangan lainnya. Di Indonesia terhitung secara epidemiologis, presentasi anak yang tidak mencapai potensi perkembangan secara penuh mencapai angka 20,01-40,0% pada 2004. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai faktor risiko dikerjakan untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan sebagai bahan pertimbangan diagnosis terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar. Tujuan (1) Mengidentifikasi faktor risiko eksternal yang memiliki signifikansi terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar pada anak 6-24 bulan. (2) Mengidentifikasi pengaruh antar setiap faktor risiko terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar. Metode Penelitian Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus-kontrol sebagai desain penelitian. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer yang diperoleh melalui hasil penilaian perkembangan motorik kasar yang divalidasi oleh dokter anak pembimbing serta wawancara orang tua/wali anak. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Poliklinik anak RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara, Jakarta Pusat sebagai rumah sakit rujukan nasional dan di Klinik Anakku, Jakarta Selatan Hasil Penelitian Selama kurun waktu penelitian diperoleh subjek sebesar 128 anak, dengan perbandingan kasus-kontrol 1:1 pada kelompok rentang usia yang sesuai. Dari hasil analisis pearson kai-kuardat diperoleh 2 faktor signifikan terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar, yakni: status gizi kurang/buruk (p<0,001; OR=6,576; IK 95%=2,705-13,986) dan tidak diberikannya ASI eksklusif (p=0,032; OR=2,180; IK 95%=1,065-4,460). Di sisi lain, faktor urutan anak, usia ibu saat kehamilan, dan cara kelahiran menunjukan hasil tidak bermakna terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar. Kemudian, dari analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik biner, menunjukan bahwa status gizi kurang/buruk merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian keterlambatan motorik kasar pada anak (p<0,001; OR=6,159; IK 95%=2,512-15,099). Kesimpulan. Pada Penelitian ini, status gizi kurang/buruk pada anak dan tidak diberikannya ASI eksklusif merupakan faktor risiko signifikan terhadap keterlambatan anak usia 6-24 bulan. Dalam model multivariabel ini, status gizi kurang/buruk merupakan faktor prediktor keterlambatan motorik kasar yang paling berpengaruh.

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ABSTRACT
Background Developmental delay is defined as a condition which a child fails to achieve appropriate developmental milestone according to his age group development. Childhood development is indicated by developmental advancement ini several develompental domain, for instance, gross motor development. Gross motor development could predict certain functional central nervous system maturation, thus delay in this domain might inhibit mastering process of other domains development. In Indonesia according to epidimiological data in 2004, it is estimated thath around 20.01-40.0% children could not fully achieve their developmental potential. Therefore, this study related to risk factor identification was established in order to increase awareness to developmental delay and also as a consideration in diagnosing gross motor delay. Objectives (1) To determine significant external risk factor for gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months.(2) To determine the association between risk factors for gross motor delay. Method This research used case-control study approach as its study design. Utilized data was a primary data which were obtained through assessing gross motor development validated by supervisiong pediatrician and through interviewing parent/legal guardian. The interview was held in pediatric polyclinic of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara, Central Jakarta as a national referral hospital and in Klinik Anakku, South Jakarta. Result During the period of the study, 128 pediatric patients were found to be a subject, with case-control ratio 1:1 in corresponding age group range. According to pearson chi-square test, there are two significant factors for gross motor delay, which are wasting/severely wasting (p<0,001; OR=6,576; CI 95%=2,705-13,986) and not exclusive breastfeeding (p=0,032; OR=2,180; CI 95%=1,065-4,460). On the other hand, birth order, maternal age during gestation, and mode of delivery demonstrate insignificant result for gross motor delay. Furthermore, mutlivariate anylisis with binary logistic regression shows wasting/severely wasting to be the most influential external risk factor gross motor delay (p<0,001; OR=6,159; CI 95%=2,512-15,099). Conclusion In this study, wasting/severely wasting in children and not exclusive breastfeeding are significant risk factor for gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months. In this multivariable model, wasting/severely wasting is proven to be the most influential predictior factor for gross motor delay.