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Abstrak :
Mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit di Indonesia sangat bervariasi. Keadaan ini mendorong Pemerintah melalui Depkes Rl untuk menetapkan standar baku tarif dan mutu Rumah Sakit yang berlaku secara nasional melalui suatu sistem Case mix dengan nama INA DRG Depkes. Namun dalam kenyataan penempan tarif INA DRG Depkes menimbulkan polemik bagi pihak Rumah Sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penetapan cost of treatment berbasis clinical pathway kasus kanker payudara dengan tindakan bedah masektomi radikal modifikasi dan kemoterapi FAC dengan tarif INA DRG Depkes di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais tahun 2008. Hasil penelilian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pengelompokan kanker payudara menurut AR DRG versi 5.2 dimana ditemukan penyakit penyerta DM, asma, hipertensi, dan penyakit penyulil anemia. Lama hari rawat tidak berbede di setiap diagnosa. Perbedean hanya terletak pada jenis obat yang diberikan yang disesuaikan dengan penyakit yang menyertai. Pada tarif INA DRG Depkes penempan tarif melalui rata-rata data yang dikirimkan oleh 15 Rumah Sakit tanpa adanya clinical pathway dan cost of treatment. Tindakan bedah MRM payudara dan cost of treatment FAC berada lebih tinggi daripada tarifiNA DRG Depkes. Penelitian ini belum menggambarkan seluroh penatalaksanaan pada kanker payudara, sehingga disarankan untuk d.ilakukan penelitian Jebih lanjut khususnya untuk penetapan COT radiotherapi yang mengikuti tindekan bedah MRM dan kemoterapi. Kami sarankan kepada Depkes Rl untuk melengkapi tarif INA DRG Depkes agar dapat membuat clinical pathway sebsgai standar utilisasi pelayanan kesebatan dan selalu melakukan revisi daftar tarif INA DRG Depkes setiap tahun agar dapat mempertahankan mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit. ...... The Quality service of Hospital in Indonesia is highly varied. This situation make the Government through Depkes RI to specify the standard of the Hospital quality and tariff applied nationally through a Case mix system by the name of INA DRG DEPKES. But in reality of applying of tariff INA DRG DEPKES generate polemic for Hospital. This research purpose is to know the cost of treatment based on clinical pathway breast cancer case with Modified Radical MMastectomy nd F AC Chemotherapy with INA DRG Depkes tariff at Dharmais Cancer Hospital year of2008. Research result show the difference of breast cancer grouping according to AR DRG version of5.2 where found DM disease, asthma, hypertension, and anaemia. Every diagnosis have the same length of stay. Difference only in the given drug type based on disease accompanied. INA DRG Depkes tariff based on data delivered by 15 Hospital without existence of clinical pathway and cost of treatment. Surgery on MRM breast cancer and cost of treatment FAC higher than INA DRG Depkes tariff. This research not yet show the entire breast cancer surgery, we suggest to do a further research spceially on Cost of Treatment radiotherapy following the action operate on MRM and chemotherapy. We suggest to Depkes RI to complete the INA DRG Dcpkes tariff so that they can make clinical pathway as standard service utility of health and always revise the INA DRG Depkes tariff list every year so that they can maintain the quality service of Hospital.

Abstrak :
Summary: "Regenerative medicine is broadly defined as the repair or replacement of damaged cells, tissues, and organs. It is a multidisciplinary effort in which technologies derive from the fields of cell, developmental, and molecular biology; chemical and material sciences (i.e., nanotechnology); engineering; surgery; transplantation; immunology; molecular genetics; physiology; and pharmacology. As regenerative medicine technologies continue to evolve and expand across the boundaries of numerous scientific disciplines, they remain at the forefront of the translational research frontier with the potential to radically alter the treatment of a wide variety of disease and dysfunction. The goal of this book is to draw attention to the critical role that the pharmacological sciences will undeniably play in the advancement of these treatments. This book is invaluable for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, researchers new to the field of regenerative medicine/tissue engineering, and experienced investigators looking for new research avenues. This is the first state-of-the-art book in this rapidly evolving field of research"

Abstrak :
Summary: "The most comprehensive, widely used, and evidence-based pharmacotherapy text available Hailed by Doody's Review Service as "one of the best in pharmacy" Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach is unmatched in its ability to help students develop a mastery of evidence-based medicine for optimum patient outcomes. The eighth edition will feature the addition of SI units throughout and an increased number of global examples and clinical questions. Features Unparalleled guidance in the development of pharmaceutical care plans Full-color presentation Key Concepts in each chapter Critical Presentation boxes summarize common disease signs and symptoms Clinical Controversies boxes examin complicated issues you face when providing drug therapy NEW material added to the online learning center EXPANDED evidence-based recommendations EXPANDED coverage of timely issues such as palliative care and pain medicine Therapeutic recommendations in each disease-specific chapter"

Abstrak :
Buku yang berjudul "Pharmacotherapy handbook" ini ditulis oleh Barbara G. Wells, Joseph T. Dipiro, Terry L. Schwinghammer, dan Cindi W. Hammilton. Buku ini membahas tentang penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan, seperti gangguan dermatologis, gangguan gastrointestinal, dan gangguan endokrinologis.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Candida albicans merupakan penyebab utama infeksi mikroba oportunistik pada pasien kanker. Pasien Leukemia Limfositik Akut (LLA) yang menjalani kemoterapi memiliki risiko tinggi terkena kandidiasis karena imunosupresi dan melemahnya barier epitel. Penggunaan obat antifungal sistemik dibatasi oleh risiko efek samping yang lebih besar dan berkembangnya strain yang resisten, namun obat antifungal topikal yang tersedia saat ini masih dianggap kurang efektif untuk pasien imunosupresi termasuk pasien kemoterapi. Beberapa penelitian memberikan bukti kelayakan probiotik Lactobacillus casei untuk bertindak sebagai antifungal alternatif di berbagai sistem organ manusia. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh probiotik terhadap jumlah C. albicans di rongga mulut anak penderita LLA selama kemoterapi. Metode: Sampel saliva diambil dari 11 anak penderita LLA selama kemoterapi. Subyek diinstruksikan untuk berkumur dengan probiotik yang mengandung L. casei selama 60 detik, dua kali sehari, selama 14 hari. Sampel saliva tidak terstimulasi dikumpulkan secara berurutan pada 3 titik waktu (awal, 7 hari, dan 14 hari). Jumlah C. albicans dihitung dengan qPCR. Hasil: Perbedaan signifikan secara statistik ditemukan antara jumlah C. albicans pada awal (494.363+180.737 CFU/ml), setelah 7 hari (276.654+69.903 CFU/ml), dan setelah 14 hari (229.286+50.883 CFU/ml) berkumur dengan probiotik. Jumlah yang lebih rendah secara signifikan ditemukan setelah 7 dan 14 hari berkumur dengan probiotik (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Probiotik L. casei memiliki efek menurunkan jumlah C. albicans di rongga mulut anak leukemia selama kemoterapi. ......Background: Candida albicans is the leading cause of opportunistic microbial infections in patients with cancer. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) patients undergoing chemotherapy have high risk of candidiasis due to immunosuppression and weakened epithelial barriers. Systemic antifungal drugs’ usage is limited by the greater risk of side effects and developing resistant strains, yet currently available topical antifungal drugs are still considered ineffective for immunosuppressed patients including chemotherapy patients. Several studies provide evidence for the feasibility of probiotic Lactobacillus casei to act as alternative antifungal in various human organ systems. Objectives: To analyze the effects of probiotic L. casei on the number of C. albicans in oral cavity of children with ALL during chemotherapy.Methods: Saliva samples were taken from 11 children with ALL during chemotherapy. Subjects were instructed to do mouth rinse with probiotics contained Lactobacillus casei for 60s, twice daily, over the course of 14 days. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected sequentially at 3 time points (baseline, 7 days, and 14 days). The number of C. albicans was quantified by qPCR. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the number of C. albicans at baseline (494.363+180.737 CFU/ml), after 7 days (276.653+69.903 CFU/ml), and after 14 days (229.286+50.883 CFU/ml) mouth rinsing with probiotic L. casei. Significant lower number was found both after 7 and 14 days rinsing with probiotics (p<0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic L.casei has reducing effects on the number of C. albicans in oral cavity of children with ALL during chemotherapy.