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Abstrak :
Italy always refers to deep history beauty, architecture, culture and old civilization. Located in south central Europe, Italy consists of a peninsula shaped like a high-heeled boot and several islands encompassing 116.300 square miles (301.200 square kilometers). The Mediterranean Sea is to the south, and the Alps to the north. A chain of mountains, the Apennines juts down the center of the peninsula.The fertile Po valley is in the north. It accounts for 21 percent of the total area; 40 percent of Italy's area, in contract, is hilly and 39 percent is mountainous.

Abstrak :
In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize in Literature. World famous overnight, he was translated into numerous languages. Meanwhile, in Slovenia, a young, still anonymous poet felt strongly drawn to the newly available works of the Indian bard. This young man was Srecko Kosovel, who is today hailed as Slovenias leading avant-garde poet of the interwar period. But what could Kosovel, then barely out of his teens, have in common with a figure of Tagores stature? Deeply affected by Italys conquest of parts of Slovene-populated territory, Kosovel was able to identify with Tagore and relate to the historical predicament of colonial subjugation. Despite coming from different backgrounds, they were kindred spirits-a dynamic, creative ideal of universalism lay at the core of their concerns, as opposed to the more readily available nationalisms of the time. What is interesting about Kosovels reading of Tagore is not that he took inspiration from Tagore, but that the two writers shared a similar set of preoccupations. The contours of an expanding internationalist stage of the 1920s also united the two writers-who never met-in their world view as Kosovel identified with Tagore. Moreover, as a true universalist, in the sense of feeling empathy with the less fortunate, it was more in the spirit of equality that Kosovel approached Tagore rather than as an Eastern guru or an inferior Oriental. This book is the first comparative study of the writings of these two poets who lived worlds apart but spoke in strikingly similar voices. It explores the links between India and East-Central Europe in the early decades of the twentieth century and gives voice to responses from within Europe that have largely been overlooked in postcolonial and cultural studies.

Abstrak :
Visegrad merupakan kerja sama regional di Eropa Tengah. Negara-negara anggota tersebut adalah Ceko, Hungaria, Polandia dan Slovakia. Untuk mengkaji isu tersebut, penulis menggunakan teori geostrategi dalam menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kerja sama keamanan Visegrad. Dengan teori geostrategi yang dipelopori oleh Colin S. Gray, penulis menemukan tiga 3 faktor pendorong kerja sama keamanan. Ketiga faktor kerja sama keamanan tersebut antara lain letak geografis Eropa Tengah terhadap InterEuropean Gas Pipeline, antisipasi Eropa Tengah terhadap ancaman Rusia dan pemutakhiran teknologi militer negara anggota Visegrad. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ketiga faktor tersebut mendorong kerja sama keamanan di Visegrad yang sejalan dengan pemahaman Colin S. Gray. Akhirnya, metode congruence digunakan sebagai metode penelitian. Metode ini menunjukkan relevansi yang kuat dalam menghasilkan penjelasan kerja sama keamanan Visegrad seperti yang diuraikan dalam beberapa literatur mengenai masalah yang dibahas. ...... Visegrad is a regional cooperation in Central Europe. The member countries are Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovak. To examine the issue, the authors use the theory of geostrategy in explaining the factors behind the Visegrad security cooperation. With the geostrategic theory pioneered by Colin S. Gray, the authors found three 3 factors driving the security cooperation. The three factors of cooperation include the European geographical location of the InterEuropean Gas Pipeline, Central European anticipation of the Russian threat and the upgrading of Visegrad member state military technology. The result of this research is the aforementioned factors drive the security cooperation in Visegrad as understood by Colin S. Gray. Finally, the congruent method is used as a research method. This method demonstrates strong relevance in generating an explanation of Visegrad security cooperation as in some literature on closed issues.