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ABSTRAK
Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi pH awal medium CT terhadap kerapatan sel Cyanobacteria genus Synechococcus HS-7 dan HS-9 yang diinkubasi pada suhu 35 C telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan selama 22 hari dari hari ke-0 t0 hingga hari ke-21 t21 . Penghitungan kerapatan sel dilakukan setiap hari t0 mdash;t21 , sedangkan pengukuran kandungan klorofil dilakukan selama 10 hari pada t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t7, t10, t14, t17, dan t21. Terdapat 5 variasi perlakuan pH yang digunakan, yaitu pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, dan pH 9. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali pengulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diuji menggunakan analisis statistika Spearman dan Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi pH awal medium CT berpengaruh terhadap kerapatan sel Synechococcus HS-7 dan HS-9. Synechococcus HS-7 dan HS-9 dapat tumbuh baik pada pH 7. Berdasarkan uji analisis statistik, terdapat korelasi antara kerapatan sel dengan kandungan klorofil Synechococcus HS-7 dan HS-9, serta nilai pH awal medium CT yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap kerapatan sel Synechococcus HS-7 dan HS-9.

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ABSTRACT
Research that aims to know the effect of initial pH variation of CT medium to the cell density of Cyanobacteria genus Synechococcus HS 7 and HS 9 were grown at temperature 35 C had been performed. The study was done for 22 days from day 0 t0 to day 21 t21 . Cell density calculations were performed everyday t0 mdash t21 while the measurement of chlorophyll content was performed for 10 days at t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t7, t10, t14, t17, and t21. There were 5 variations of pH that used in this research pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 9 . Each treatment carried out in 3 replications. Observations were done qualitatively based on the cell density while quantitatively based on statistical analysis using Spearman and Friedman tests. The results showed that the initial pH variation of CT medium affected the growth of Synechococcus HS 7 and HS 9. Synechococcus HS 7 and HS 9 grew well at pH 7. Based on statistical analysis there were correlation between the cell density and chlorophyll content, and the initial pH variation of the CT medium did not affect the growth of Synechococcus HS 7 and HS 9.

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Limbah kulit udang sebagian besar tersusun atas senyawa kitin, mineral dan protein. Kitin memiliki manfaat yang besar di berbagai bidang kehidupan, sehingga perlu diproduksi. Untuk menghasilkan kitin dari limbah kulit udang akan dilakukan proses secara biologi yang ramah lingkungan yaitu penghilangan mineral menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus achidopilus FNCC116 dan penghilangan protein menggunakan Bacillus licheniformis F11.1. Proses demineralisasi dan deproteinisasi dilakukan secara kontinu pada bioreaktor kapasitas 12 Liter dengan menggunakan membran keramik mikrofiltrasi untuk mendapatkan sistem high cell density, sehingga didapatkan kualitas produk yang baik dan waktu yang cepat. Kondisi operasi pada bioreaktor 12 L secara eksperimental akan dijadikan basis desain produksi kapasitas 150 L. Proses fermentasi tersebut menurunkan kandungan mineral hingga 99 % selama 30 jam dengan konversi hasil demineralisasi 63,3% dan protein hingga 99% selama 54 jam dengan konversi hasil deproteinisasi 40%. ......Shrimp shell waste mostly composed of chitin, minerals and protein. Chitin has a great benefit in various sector of life, so it needs to be produced. To produce chitin from shrimp shell waste will be conducted in a biological process that is environmentally friendly removal of minerals using the Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC116 bacteria and removal of proteins using Bacillus licheniformis F11.1. The process of demineralization and deproteinization carried out continuously in 12 L bioreactor capacity using ceramic membrane microfiltration to obtain high cell density systems, so that got a good product quality and time is fast. Operating conditions in the 12 L bioreactor capacity experimental design will be used as the basis of production 150 L bioreactor capacity. The fermentation process reduces the mineral content up to 99% during 30 hours with 63.3% conversion of the demineralization and protein up to 99% during 54 hours with 40% conversion deproteinization results.

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Massive use of fuels by industry increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions significantly. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is well known for its ability to fixate CO2 and synthesize it to a lipid. As industry usually emits high concentrations of CO2, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of microalgae in regard to CO2 inflow. We studied cultivation of C. vulgaris in a photobioreactor (volume 18L) in a compost-basedmedium under illumination at 3000 lux for 90 hours. We show that initial cell density 0.137 g·dm-3 is able to fixate CO2 up to 30.31 g·dm-3· day-1 (93.56%) under a CO2 inflow of 23.80 g·hour-1 with biomass productivity 0.44 g·dm-3· day-1 and lipid yield 0.0795 glipid·gcell-1, and it also shows the potential to fixate carbon dioxide 28.43 g·dm-3·day-1 (31.51%) and produce high lipid amounts (0.0739 g·g-1) under a carbon dioxide inflow 48.17 g·hour-1. Cultivation with a higher initial cell density (0.325 g · dm-3) shows better resistance under carbon dioxide inflow 48.17 g·hour-1 with carbon fixation 37.95 g·dm-3·day-1(58%), biomass production 0.82 g·dm-3·day-1, lipid yield 0.0834 g·g-1, and good potential under carbon dioxide inflow 65.96 g·hour-1. This research shows the potential of C. vulgaris in reducing high concentrations of CO2, which is beneficial for biomass and/or lipid production. These are in turn useful for biodiesel and food supplements. Further study is necessary for adapting this potential on a commercial scale.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air mata dan perubahan densitas sel goblet dengan penggunaan lensa kontak silikon hidrogel lotrafilcon B pada penggunaan daily wear dan extended wear 6 malam berturut-turut. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis intervensi randomisasi tersamar tunggal. Sebanyak lima puluh enam subyek yang telah di randomisasi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok n = 28 di masing-masing kelompok. Kedua kelompok memakai lensa kontak hidrogel silikon Lotrafilcon B secara daily wear vs extended wear. Parameter klinis Non-Invasif Break Up Time NIBUT, densitas sel goblet PAS, Interblink Interval IBI dan Ocular Protection Index OPI. Terdapat perbedaan NIBUT dan densitas sel goblet bermakna pada minggu ke 4 antara dua kelompok p 0,015 dan p.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate tear film quality and goblet cell density changes with the use of soft contact lenses of silicone hydrogel lotrafilcon B on daily wear and extended wear in 1 month. This is single blind randomized clinical trial. A total of fifty six subjects who had been consecutively randomized were divided into two groups n 28 in each. Both groups were wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses Lotrafilcon B, the first group used daily wear and the second group used extended wear 6 consecutive nights. The clininal evaluation of the eyes in each group were performed on pre fitting, 1st week and 4th week after contact lens fitting. The clinical parameter were Non Invasive Break Up Time NIBUT using Tearscope PlusTM, goblet cell density using conjunctival impression cytologies CIC with Periodic Acid Schiff PAS Staining, Interblink Interval IBI and Ocular Protection Index OPI. In this study obtained more female sex subjects than men with a ratio of 3.6 1. There was a significant mean NIBUT difference at week 4 between two groups p 0,015. There was a decrease in goblet cell density in both groups with significant differences p.

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ABSTRAK
Penelitian mengenai pengaruh variasi pH awal medium terhadap pertumbuhan cyanobacteria genus Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48 telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH awal medium terhadap kerapatan baeocyte dan sel vegetatif, serta kandungan klorofil sebagai parameter pertumbuhan Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48. Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48 dibiakkan menggunakan Bold Basal Medium BBM dengan variasi pH awal medium yang digunakan, yaitu pH 5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9, dengan tiga kali ulangan. Kedua strain diinkubasi dengan suhu 35 C dan intensitas cahaya 2500 mdash;3000 lux. Penelitian dilakukan selama 22 hari t0 mdash;t21 . Pertumbuhan Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48 dilihat secara kualitatif berdasarkan kurva pertumbuhan, dan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan uji statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pH awal medium tidak memengaruhi pertumbuhan Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48. Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48 dapat tumbuh baik pada lingkungan basa hingga pH 9, dan dapat bertahan pada lingkungan asam dengan pH 5. Selain itu, tidak terdapat korelasi antara kerapatan sel total dengan kandungan klorofil Stanieria HS-31B dan HS-48.

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ABSTRACT
Research on the effect of initial pH variation on growth of cyanobacteria genus Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48 had been observed. The research aims to know the effect of initial pH medium to growth of Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48, with growth parameters were baeocyte and vegetative cell density, and chlorophyll content. Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48 were grown in Bold Basal Medium BBM with initial pH 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, with three repetitions. Incubation temperature was 35 C and light intensity was 2500 mdash 3000 lux. The research was observed during 22 days t0 mdash t21 . The growth of Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48 was qualitatively based on the growth curve, and quantitatively based on statistical tests. The results showed that the initial pH treatment of the medium didn rsquo t affect the growth of Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48. Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48 could grow well in an alkaline environment up to pH 9, and could withstand an acidic environment with a pH 5. In addition, there was no correlation between cell density with total chlorophyll content of Stanieria HS 31B and HS 48.

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ABSTRAK
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menilai stabilitas LAM mata kering terkait sindrom Sj gren SS yang diberikan terapi kombinasi tetes mata sodium hialuronat 0,1 SH dan hydroxypropyl HP -guar, atau monoterapi tetes mata sodium hialuronat SH . Sebanyak 17 pasien SS dalam penelitian ini dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama mendapatkan kombinasi SH dan HP-guar sementara kelompok kedua mendapatkan terapi SH. NIKBUT, Schirmer, skor pewarnaan okular dan sitologi impresi, serta keluhan subjektif yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian obat. Setelah terapi selama 28 hari, terdapat peningkatan median NIKBUT, Schirmer, skor pewarnaan okular, densitas sel Goblet dan keluhan subjektif pada mata kering terkait SS.

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ABSTRACT The objectives of the study is to assess the stability of dry eye LAM associated with Sj gren syndrome SS given combination therapy of sodium hyaluronate 0.1 SH and hydroxypropyl HP guar, or monotherapy sodium hyaluronic SH . A total of 17 SS patients in this study were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a combination of SH and HP guar while the second group received SH therapy. NIKBUT, Schirmer, ocular staining score and impression cytology, as well as subjective complaints made before and after drug administration. After 28 days of therapy, there was a median increase in NIKBUT, Schirmer, ocular staining scores, Goblet cell density and subjective complaints on SS related dry eyes.