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"Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations of either of the two tumor suprressor genes, TSC1 and TSC2, encoding hamartin and tuberin, respectively."

"Di dalam buku ini diuraikan tentang teknik dasar beserta cara-cara mengatasi berbagai problema yang sering dihadapi dalam bekerja dengan kultur sel. Kesukesan buku ini didukung oleh pengalaman penulis memperoleh pelatihan teknik kultur sel di CSL (Commonwealth Serum Laboratories) Melbourne, pelatihan aplikasi kultur sel untuk produksi virus di AVRI (Animal Virus Research Institute) Pirbright, Woking Surrey England, serta sebagai Kepala Subbidang produksi vaksin Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku dengan teknik kultur sel PUSVETMA Surabaya tahun 1979-1984."

"Pemilihan oosit merupakan salah satu tahap penting dalam fertilisasi in vitro (FIV) sebab semakin banyak jumlah oosit yang masuk kualifikasi, maka semakin besar kesempatan oosit tersebut untuk difertilisasi. Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) dan Bone Morphogenetic 15 (BMP15) yang merupakan anggota dari superfamili protein Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β), memiliki peranan penting terhadap folikulogenesis. Gen gdf9 dan bmp15 diketahui tidak hanya terekspresikan pada oosit, namun juga pada sel granulosa dan cairan folikel. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai ekspresi gen gdf9 dan bmp15 pada sel granulosa dan cairan folikel untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas oosit. Lima belas sampel sel granulosa dan cairan folikel dikumpulkan untuk mengukur ekspresi gen gdf9 dan bmp15 secara kuantitatif. Metode kuantifikasi absolut digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat ekspresi gen. Uji korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara ekspresi gen gdf9 dan bmp15 terhadap parameter umum fisiologis. Ekspresi gen gdf9 pada sel granulosa memiliki korelasi lemah searah tak signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap umur, tingkat kematangan oosit, tingkat fertilisasi normal, dan tingkat pembelahan. Ekspresi gen bmp15 memiliki korelasi lemah searah tak signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap umur serta memiliki korelasi lemah tak searah tak signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap tingkat kematangan oosit, tingkat fertilisasi normal, dan tingkat pembelahan. Ekspresi gen gdf9 dan bmp15 pada cairan folikel tidak dapat dianalisis sebab kurva standar tidak terkonstruksi.

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Oocyte selection is one of important steps in in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, because more number of qualified oocyte will bring its chance to be fertilized bigger. Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) dan Bone Morphogenetic 15 (BMP15) are members of protein superfamily Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) which have important role in folliculogenesis. Gdf9 dan bmp15 genes are not only expressed in oocyte, but in granulosa cell and follicular fluid too. Research has been conducted about gdf9 and bmp15 gene expression in granulosa cell and follicular fluid to know their association with oocyte quality. Fifteen samples of granulosa cell and follicular fluid were collected to measure gdf9 and bmp15 gene expression quantitatively. Absolute quantification method were used to measure gene expression levels. Pearson correlation was used to analize correlation between both gene expression levels and general physiological parameters. The expression levels of gdf9 in granulosa cell had weak positive unsignificant (P>0,005) correlation with age, oocyte maturity rate, normal fertilization rate, and cleavage rate. The expression levels of bmp15 in granulosa cell had weak positive unsignificant (P>0,005) correlation with age, but had weak negative unsignificant (P>0,005) correlation with oocyte maturity rate, normal fertilization rate, and cleavage rate. Gdf9 and bmp15 gene expression in follicular fluid cannot be analized because the standard curve could not be constructed."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Giant cell tumor (GCT) merupakan tumor jinak yang bersifat lokal agresif destruksif. Tumor ini memiliki rekurensi yang tinggi sebanyak 25-50% setelah tindakan pembedahan. Berbagai macam pemberian zat kimia lokal sebagai terapi ajuvan, telah digunakan pada tatalaksana pembedahan. Namun perbandingan efektifitas untuk masing-masing zat kimia ini belum diketahui. Studi mengenai sitotoksisitas dan mekanisme kematian sel dengan membandingkan pemberian etanol dan H2O2 pada sel GCT tulang secara in vitro masih sedikit dan belum ada di Indonesia.Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi in vitro eksperimental dengan mengambil empat sampel jaringan tumor dari pasien yang didiagnosis GCT tulang dan dilakukan isolasi-kultur sel. Cell line yang didapatkan dikarakterisasi melalui analisis morfologi serta pemeriksaan ekspresi penanda gen Nanog dan Oct 4 dengan Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Sel yang telah 80% konfluens dilakukan terapi dengan H2O2 1%, 3%, 5% dan etanol 75%, 85%, 95% selama10 menit serta dosis in vitro H2O2 (0,003%, 0,005%, 0,01%, 0,03%, 0,1%, 0,3%) selama 5 menit serta inkubasi selama 24 jam. Morfologi sel dievaluasi dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan membandingkan kontrol dan setelah pemberian zat kimia, viabilitas sel dihitung menggunakan automatic cell counter serta toksisitas sel dinilai dengan uji Annexin V dan Propidium Iodida (PI) pada flow cytometry.Hasil Kultur jaringan sel GCT dengan metode eksplan dan kolagenase mempunyai angka keberhasilan yang sama dalam mendapatkan cell line GCT. Namun metode eksplan membutuhkan waktu yang lebih cepat dan memiliki jumlah sel yang lebih banyak. Sel yang tumbuh dari jaringan GCT terkarakterisasi dengan analisis morfologi serta ekspresi gen Oct 4 dan Nanog. Viabilitas sel GCT menurun secara signifikan setelah paparan terhadap dosis klinis H2O2 1% (p = 0,046), H2O2 3% (p = 0,043), dan H2O2 5% (p = 0,043) selama 10 menit dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna untuk viabilitas sel antara konsentrasi H2O2 1%, 3% dan 5%. Sementara pada konsentrasi in vitro (0,003%, 0,005%, 0,01%, 0,03%, 0,1%, 0,3%), konsentrasi H2O2 0,3% (p < 0,001) selama 5 menit memiliki efektivitas paling baik dalam sterilisasi GCT secara in vitro. Terdapat fenomena fiksasi sel setelah pemberian etanol pada semua konsentrasi. Dari uji RT-PCR didapatkan penurunan ekspresi gen Oct 4 dan Nanog seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi H2O2 pada dosis in vitro. Flow cytometry dengan marker Annexin V dan propidium iodide (PI) didominasi oleh marker PI yang menunjukkan kematian sel akibat nekrosis dengan persentase terbesar pada konsentrasi 0,3%.Kesimpulan Eksplan merupakan metode terbaik dalam isolasi dan kultur sel GCT. Semua sel hasil isolasi dan kultur terkarekterisasi sebagai GCT. Pemberian ajuvan kimia lokal dengan dosis klinis H2O2 konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5% selama 10 menit secara in vitro mempunyai efektivitas yang sama dalam membunuh sel GCT. Sedangkan konsentrasi H2O2 0,3% selama 5 menit merupakan terapi optimal dalam sterilisasi GCT secara in vitro dengan mekanisme kematian nekrosis sel.

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ABSTRACTBackground Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign, aggressive local tumor with high tendency to recur after surgery. Various chemicals have been used as an adjuvant treatment for GCT. However, the comparative effect of these chemicals remains unclear. To date, there are no studies about the cytotoxicity and mechanism of injury to etanol and H2O2 in GCT in Indonesia especially in vitro experiment. The present study aims to find the best method to isolation and culture of GCT from primary human patients, the optimal treatment of etanol and H2O2 for reducing GCT recurrence.Methods This is an experimental in vitro study that took four tumor tissue samples from patients diagnosed with bone GCT and conducted cell-culture isolation. Cell line characterized by morphology, gene markers Nanog and Oct 4 expression with Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Reverse Transcriptase was obtained. Cells that had 80% confluence were treated with H2O2 1%, 3%, 5% and etanol 75%, 85%, 95% for 10 minutes and in vitro doses of H2O2 (0.003%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.03 %, 0.1%, 0.3%) for 5 minutes and were incubated for 24 hours. Cell morphology was evaluated under a light microscope by comparing the morphology of controls and after exposure a chemical agents, cell viability was calculated using automatic cell counter and cell toxicity was assessed by Annexin V and Propidium Iodida (PI) on flow cytometry.Results Collagenase and explant methods had the same success rate in obtaining GCT cell line characterized by morphology, the gene expression Oct 4 and Nanog. But explants need a less time and had more cell than collagenase method. Viability of GCT cells decreased significantly after exposure to the clinical dose of H2O2 1% (p = 0,046), H2O2 3% (p = 0,043), and H2O2 5% (p = 0,043) for 10 minutes compared to controls. There was no significant difference for cell viability between 1%, 3% and 5% H2O2 concentrations. While in in vitro doses (0,003%, 0,005%, 0,01%, 0,03%, 0,1%, 0,3%), 0.3% H2O2 concentration for 5 minutes has the best effectivity in sterilizing GCT in vitro. There was a phenomenon of cell fixation after exposure of GCT cells to etanol in various concentrations, in which all cells die and its viability could not be analyzed. From the RT-PCR test it was found that there was a decrease in the expression of Oct 4 and Nanog genes along with an increase in the concentration of H2O2 in vitro. Flow cytometry using Annexin V in conjunction with propidium iodide (PI) was dominated with PI marker detection which showed cell death due to necrosis, with the highest concentration amounted to 0.3%Conclusion Explant was the best method for isolation and GCT cell culture. All of the cell from isolation and culture result had a characterization of GCT. Giving local a chemical adjuvants with clinical doses of H2O2 concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% for 10 minutes in vitro had the same effectiveness in killing GCT cells. While the concentration of 0.3% H2O2 for 5 minutes is the optimal therapy in GCT sterilization in vitro with necrosis cell death mechanism."

"Advances in stem cell research discusses recent advances in stem cell science, including therapeutic applications. This volume covers such topics as biomanufacturing iPS cells for therapeutic applications, techniques for controlling stem cell fate decisions, as well as current basic research in such areas as germ line stem cells, genomics and proteomics in stem cell research. "

"Stem Cell Labeling for Delivery and Tracking Using Noninvasive Imaging provides a comprehensive overview of cell therapy imaging, ranging from the basic biology of cell therapeutic choices to the preclinical and clinical applications of cell therapy. It emphasizes the use of medical imaging for therapeutic delivery/​targeting, cell tracking, and determining therapeutic efficacy. The book first presents background information and insight on the major classes of stem and progenitor cells. It then describes the main imaging modalities and state-of-the-art techniques that are currently employed for stem cell tracking. In the final chapters, leading scholars offer clinical perspectives on existing and potential uses of stem cells as well as the impact of image-guided delivery and tracking in major organ systems. Through clear descriptions and color images, this volume illustrates how noninvasive imaging is used to track stem cells as they repair damaged tissue in the body. With contributions from some of the most prominent preclinical and clinical researchers in the field, the book helps readers to understand the evolving concepts of stem cell labeling and tracking as the field continues to move forward."