"Pengelolaan hipertensi dan diabetes melitus yang memerlukan pengelolaan terkoordinasi, menjadi perhatian karena prevalensinya semakin meningkat. Kemampuan dokter sebagai care coordinator tidak terlepas dari kemampuan kepemimpinan, dan belum ada penilaiannya di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan intrumen penilaian kinerja dokter di layanan primer sebagai care coordinator dan kaitannya dengan kepemimpinan.
Pendapat pakar dan metode Delphi digunakan untuk mengembangkan dimensi dan butir penilaian. Validasi instrumen dilakukan dengan analisis faktor eksplorasi. Kurva ROC digunakan untuk mencari titik potong skor care coordinator pada pasien hipertensi atau DM terkontrol dibandingkan tidak terkontrol. Korelasi Pearson dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara skor care coordinator dengan skor kepemimpinan klinis, kepemimpinan transformasional, komitmen, kepuasan kerja, dan budaya organisasi, serta faktor-faktor sosiodemografis dokter dan praktik keprofesian.
Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama periode April−November 2015. Melalui penggalian pendapat 19 orang pakar (akademisi, praktisi, pengandil), 2 kali putaran Metode Delphi (110 sampel dan 81 sampel), dan 249 sampel analisis faktor, didapatkan instrumen penilaian kinerja dokter pengelola kasus PTM di puskesmas sebagai care coordinator yang terdiri dari 11 dimensi dan 33 butir penilaian dengan koefisien alpha sebesar 0,94 dan korelasi butir penilaian dengan dimensinya lebih dari 0,4. Terdapat perbedaan skor care coordinator antara pasien hipertensi atau diabetes terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol (p = 0,02) dengan titik potong sebesar 7,7. (skor maksimal 9). Terdapat korelasi positif antara skor kepemimpinan klinis, skor kepemimpinan transformasional, skor kepuasan kerja, usia dokter, lama lulus dokter, lama bekerja di puskesmas, pelatihan dokter keluarga, dan status kepegawaian terhadap skor care coordinator. Faktor yang paling berperan terhadap peningkatan skor care coordinator adalah skor kepemimpinan klinis dan skor kepemimpinan transformasional (R square 0,47).
Telah dikembangkan instrumen penilaian kinerja dokter sebagai care coordinator di layanan primer yang valid dan handal. Walaupun dokter pengelola kasus dalam kesehariannya berinteraksi dengan pasien dan tidak menduduki jabatan struktural sebagai pimpinan, namun mereka harus tetap memiliki kemampuan kepemimpinan klinis serta kepemimpinan transformasional untuk menunjang kinerja sebagai care coordinator dalam pengelolaan masalah kesehatan pasien.
Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus management that need coordination of care is vital because of their increasing prevalence. To become care coordinator, primary care physician should have leadership capabilities. However, there is no instrument available to measure care coordination and leadership for primary care physician in Indonesia. This research aims to develop instruments for primary care physician's performance as care coordinator in primary care facilities and its correlation with leadership.
Data collection was conducted from April to November 2015. Expert opinion and Delphi method were conducted to develop dimensions and item indicators. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed for instrument validation. ROC curves were used to gain cut-off point of care coordinator's score from controlled and uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes mellitus patient. Pearson correlation was conducted to determine correlation between care coordinator score and clinical leadership, transformational leadership, commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational culture, as well as doctor's sociodemographic factors and professional practice.
Nineteen experts panel (academics, practitioners, health policy makers), 110 participants of 1st round Delphi Method, 81 participant of 2nd round of Delphi Method, and 249 samples for factor analysis were gathered to create 11 dimensions and 33 items with loading factors at least 0.4 and alpha cronbach as high as 0,94. There was care coordinator score difference between controlled and uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes mellitus patients (p = 0.02) with cut-off point 7,7 (maximum score 9). There was positive correlation between care coordinator score and clinical leadership score, transformasional leadership score, satisfaction score, age, graduation period, working period, family medicine training, and employment status. Dominant factors correlate to care coordinator score were clinical leadership score and transformational leadership score (R square 0.47).
A valid and reliable instrument of care coordinator performance for Indonesian primary care physician has been developed. Although the main activity of practitioner is very much relate to patient interaction, they should also have leadership capacities to support their role as care coordinator for patient?s health management."
