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Abstrak :
An experiment to study the effect of elicitor derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hansen) on ajmalicine content of Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don. callus cultures has been conducted. Callus was induced from leaf segment and grew on medium Zenk (1977) supplemented with 2,5 x 10 M NAA dan 10 M BAP. Callus on the third subculture level was elicited with elicitor derived from S. cerevisiae. The following concentrations of elicitor tested were 0;0,5; ang 2,5 %(g/v) and the harvesting times were 0,18, 36 and 72 hour. The ajmalicine was analized qualitatively and quantitavely by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ajmalicine content was influenced concentration of elicitor and harvrst was analized. Guanlititatively by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ajmalicine content was influenced by concentration of elicitor and harvesting time. A significant increase of ajmalicine content (303. 475 kurang lebih 5.602 ug/gDW) was achieved bu addition of elicitor of 0.5% (g/v) after 36 hour. This study show a significant increase of ajmalicine content in C, roseus callus cultures after being challenged with S. cerevisiae elicitor i.e. 69,334 %.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Physalis angulata L. merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional, oleh karena itu untuk menjaga ketersediaannya perlu dilakukan budidaya, salah satunya dengan kultur in vitro. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons eksplan daun P. angulata pada medium MS vitamin MS + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M1); MS vitamin MS + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l -1 (M2); MS vitamin MS + NAA 0,5 mg l-1 & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M3), MS vitamin B5 + 2,4- D 0,3 mg l -1 (M4); MS vitamin B5 + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l-1 (M5); MS vitamin B5 + kombinasi NAA 0,5 mgl & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M6). Eksplan dikultur dengan fotoperiodesitas 12 jam. Terdapat 4 kategori respons, yaitu terbentuknya kalus (K), Akar adventif (A), kalus yang kemudian diikuti dengan tumbuhnya akar advenif (KA), serta kalus yang kemudian juga diikuti dengan tumbuhnya akar adventif dan tunas adventif (KAT). Eksplan dapat membentuk K dan KA diseluruh medium, sedangkan eksplan yang membentuk A saja hanya terlihat di medium M2. Sementara itu, eksplan yang membentuk KAT juga hanya terlihat di medium M3 dan M6. Secara keseluruhan, eksplan menunjukkan respons banyak terbentuk di medium M6. Pada penelitian ini, eksplan dapat merespons media perlakuan melalui tahapan kalogenesis dan organogenesis.

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ABSTRACT
Physalis angulata L. is plant widely used in traditional medicines, therefore to keep its availability the cultivation is required, one way to ensure its availability is by using in vitro culture. Research aims to know response of P. angulata?s leaves explant on medium MS supplemented with MS vitamins + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M1); MS supplemented with MS vitamins + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l -1 (M2); MS supplemented with MS vitamins + NAA 0,5 mg l-1 & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M3), MS supplemented with B5 vitamins + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M4); MS supplemented with B5 vitamins + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l-1 (M5); MS supplemented with B5 vitamins + kombinasi NAA 0,5 mgl & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M6). The explant were cultured with photoperiodisity in 12 hours. The result show there are four categories response, the first, explant response to form a callus (K), explant response to form adventitious root (A), next is the callus formation that followed by the growth of adventitious root (KA), and the last one callus formation that followed by the growth of adventitious root and adventitious shoot. The explant could form K and KA in every medium, but the one that form A only found in M2. However, the explant that form KAT only found in several medium, which are medium M3 and M6. Overall, the explant show response many formed in medium M6. By this research, the explant could response to several action, such as through organogenesis and calogenesis.

Abstrak :
Abstrak
Despite the advancement of bone reconstruction in the past decade, large bone defect remains a challenge for orthopedic surgery. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerges as one of the possible treatment of these defects, we evaluate the effect of its transplantation, particularly in combination with hydroxyapatite-calcium sulphate pellets. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits were randomly assigned into four different treatment groups. Each group received a different type of grafts (Autograft, hydroxyapatite-calcium sulphate [HA-CaSO4], HA-CaSO4 combined with marrow aspirate, or HA-CaSO4 combined with 2x106 MSCs). One centimeter long bone defects were created then immediately fixated with mini plate-screw and two cerclage wires. It was followed by the graft transplantation. Callus thickness was measured from the x-rays taken at 4, 8, 12 week after transplantation by two authors working independently. At the end of the study, histological staining along with osteocyte index were obtained by sacrificing the rabbits. These data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.Results: At the fourth week, callus thickness showed significant difference (p = 0.018). Although statistically insignificant, callus in MSCs group at the eighth week seemed to be thicker than any other groups of intervention (p = 0.546). The MSCs group also tend to have a higher osteocyte index at the follow-up weeks.Conclusion: MSC transplantation on bone defect results in faster callus formation and tends to generate a thicker callus.