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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the static and dynamic behavior of cable-systems and cable-stayed bridge systems. In the static analysis, linear. and geometry nonlinearities such as large-deflections and stress-stiffening are evaluated. In the dynamic analysis, only linear: analysis is taken into account, the nonlinearities are disregarded.

In the cable system, there are two cable models evaluated, i.e., the horizontal cable-systems and inclined cable-systems. The cable systems are modeled as three-dimensional (3-D) structural system. The various prestressed forces in the cables are investigated, and the results show that the nonlinearity effects do not quite have an influence when the prestressed forces are between 21% - 45% fp. and 15% - 45% fpU for the horizontal cable and inclined cable-systems, respectively. The transverse (coupling effect) stiffnesses are nearly zero for the prestressed forces in the cable between 16% - 45% Cu. The dynamic characteristic of both cable-systems are quite similar, with the first mode is out-of-plane motion. The gravity acceleration does not take an important influence in the dynamic behavior of the cable-systems study herein.

In the cable-stayed bridge systems, two common types of cable-stayed bridge are investigated, namely the fan-type and the harp-type cable-stayed bridge. The bridges are modeled as two-dimensional (2-D) structural system. The comparison results of axial forces in the cables, vertical displacement in the mid-point of middle span, horizontal displacement at top of pylon, bending moment in the deck, axial forces in the deck and also vertical reaction at foundation of pylon are all investigated. The results show that the nonlinearity effects with the prestressed forces in stay cable between 16% - 45% fp? seem do not have quite important influence. The natural frequencies and mode shapes for the first 20 modes are presented and the results are quite similar for the both bridge systems. The influence of dead load multiplier to the dynamic characteristic of such bridges are also evaluated and the results show that the structure buckle under 19 DL (Dead Load) and 15 DL for the fan and harp-type, respectively. These results show that bridge models studied herein are in the safe design consideration.

Abstrak :
Studying about cable stayed bridge become trend in the last few years. Since the improvement of the material technology and the need of longer bridge so the cable stayed bridge become more important in the last few years. Since the span become longer, so the structure will become more flexible and external load such are traffic, wind, rain and earthquake become more significant to the structure. When the displacement of the deck will increase, it will make uncomforting for human. Many scientists and engineers try to make a control of cable stayed bridge, so that the response will become safety and good for human comfort also. In this study we try to simulate the model from experiment to the behavior of the cable stayed bridge itself. We also try to control the response of the structure. This control that we have done must be realistic and easy to use. In fact with computer simulation we can do such sophisticated control, but the main problem if it's not applicable the control that we use become useless, otherwise it will be dangerous also if we get a result in reality far from out simulation. So in this study we do simple control to cable stayed bridge, and do some test that could be realistic in the reality. The sag of the cable is big and it will make a non linear effect. We do some analysis of cable stayed bridge in ANSYS 5.5.3 and do control simulation in SIMULINK by catching the static non linear result from ANSYS 5.5.3. The simulation that we done here to see the effectives of the control in many cases. We can be sure that the control is good if we get a good solution with the control of the structure.

Abstrak :
In the framework of the design of Cisadane Cable Stayed Bridge, a wind tunnel testing on scaled model has been conducted lo observe its aerodynamic forces. The wind tunnel which is used for test, was a low speed wind tunnel. The test results are the coefficient Ci, Cd and Cm. The coefficients can be used lo calculate the load of the structure, the lift Force and the pitching moment. Based on the test results, shape improvement of the proposed bridge deck is also considered.

Abstrak :
[Tulisan ini membahas perilaku struktur jembatan cable stayed dengan studi kasus A Ruck Chucky Hanging Arc Bridge. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu mengevaluasi dan membandingkan perilaku struktur pada saat konstruksi (analisa sequential) dengan analisa struktur jembatan utuh (analisa langsung). Adapun hasil yang diperoleh yaitu gaya dalam kabel pada saat konstruksi, gaya dalam gelagar, tegangan pada masing-masing elemen dan lendutan yang terjadi pada gelagar jembatan. Metode analisa yang digunakan pada saat konstruksi yaitu forward assemblage analysis. Pada saat konstruksi nilai gaya dalam dan lendutan pada gelagar akan berubah menurut tahapannya. Respon struktur juga akan berbeda pada saat konstruksi dengan analisa langsung sehingga masing-masing analisa perlu diperhatikan. ......This article discusses the behavior of cable stayed bridge structures with case studies A Ruck Chucky Hanging Arc Bridges. The results will be obtained in this study is to evaluated and compare the behavior of structure during construction (sequential analysis) with intact structure analysis (direct analysis). As for the result to be obtained by force in the cable at the time of construction, the style of the girder, stresses and deflections which occur on the bridge girder. The analytical methods used at the time of construction is forward assemblage analysis. At the time of construction, value of the force and deflection in the girder will chance according stages constructions. The respon structure will also be different at the time of construction with direct analysis so that each analysis need to be considred.;This article discusses the behavior of cable stayed bridge structures with case studies A Ruck Chucky Hanging Arc Bridges. The results will be obtained in this study is to evaluated and compare the behavior of structure during construction (sequential analysis) with intact structure analysis (direct analysis). As for the result to be obtained by force in the cable at the time of construction, the style of the girder, stresses and deflections which occur on the bridge girder. The analytical methods used at the time of construction is forward assemblage analysis. At the time of construction, value of the force and deflection in the girder will chance according stages constructions. The respon structure will also be different at the time of construction with direct analysis so that each analysis need to be considred, This article discusses the behavior of cable stayed bridge structures with case studies A Ruck Chucky Hanging Arc Bridges. The results will be obtained in this study is to evaluated and compare the behavior of structure during construction (sequential analysis) with intact structure analysis (direct analysis). As for the result to be obtained by force in the cable at the time of construction, the style of the girder, stresses and deflections which occur on the bridge girder. The analytical methods used at the time of construction is forward assemblage analysis. At the time of construction, value of the force and deflection in the girder will chance according stages constructions. The respon structure will also be different at the time of construction with direct analysis so that each analysis need to be considred]

Abstrak :
In this study connection between cable and pylon in a cable stayed bridge was experimentally investigated A structural model of cable stayed bridge was manufactured where connection between cable and pylon was pulley, sliding or hinged type. Pulley connection is a connection which is able to rotate without any function between cable and pylon. To obtain longitudinal stifness and dynamic characteristics (such as fundamental natural frequency and damping ratio), static load test and free vibration test were carried out. Dynamic responses of bridge structure were obtained Font harmonic forced vibration test. Using a shaking table, excitation in the longitudinal direction was applied to that model. Then longitudinal deflection at the top of pylon was measured Results of the model test shown that the pylon with hinged connection Ls more rigid and its deflection could be minimal but has low damping ratio. While sliding type connection is more flexible but has high damping ratio. Damping ratio was strongly influence by functions occurred in the bridge.

Abstrak :
Dalam Tesis ini disampaikan hasil kajian uji model struktur jembatan Cable Stayed dengan berbagai bentuk ikatan antara kabel dengan pylon, terhadap pengaruh beban lateral dalam arah memanj ang jembatan dan beban gravitasi. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dalam rangka untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis hubungan antara kabel dengan Pylon terhadap kineija jembatan Cable Stayed dalam merespon berbagai rnacam beban yang bekeija padanya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut diatas telah dilakukan kajian secara aktual melalui uji model dan kajian teoritis. Kajian aktual dilakukan dengan membuat model jembatan Cable Stayed yang hubungan antara pylon dengan kabelnya berupa hubungan putar, geser dan sendi, lalu mengujinya dengan memberikan beban statis vertikal pada girder dan beban statis horizontal arah memanjang jembatan serta memberikan getaran lateral arah memanjang jembatan dengan menggunakan meja getar. Sedangkan kajian secara teoritis dilakukan dengan cara menganalisa struktur model jembatan dengan memberikan gaya-gaya yang seperti gaya yang diberikan pada seat uji model, yaitu gaya statis vertical, gaya statis horizontal dan getaran arah memanjang jembatan. Untuk analisa teoritis ini dipergunakan program SAP 2000 versi 8. Untuk mendukung kehandalan hasil uji model, maka sebelum nya telah dilakukan uji-uji pendukung seperti: uji kekuatan tarik kabel, uji Kekakuan struktur dan uji rasio redaman. Setelah dilakukan pengujian, hasilnya menunjukkan hahwa hasil uji model memberikan nilai yang mendekati dengan hasil analisa secara teoritis, sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa hasil uji model struktur cukup handal dan dapat dipakai sebagai dasar analisa untuk pengambilan keputusan. Dari hasil analisis uji model dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Struktur dengan ikatan sendi memiliki respon Pylon yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan yang lain dalam merespon beban gempa yang dimodelkan sebagai beban getaran dan beban statis arah memanjang jembatan. Struktur dengan ikatan putar memiliki respon Deck dan Pylon yang terbaik terhadap beban lalu lintas yang dimodelkan sebagai beban statis arah vertikal yang bekexja pada girder jembatan. lkatan yang memberikan fleksibilitas pylon paling baik terhadap beban hidup vertikal dan beban horizontal arah rnemanjang baik oleh getaran maupun oleh gaya statis adalah ikatan Geser.

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ThisThesis presents a result of experimental model of a Cable Stayed bridge with various connections between cable and pylon, subject to lateral load and gravity load. This research is conducted in order to investigate the influence of this cable connection on the performance of that bridge. To achieve this objective, a study has been carried out using experimental model as well as theoretical analysis. The experimental research was held by constructing the cable stayed bridge model where the connection of the cable and pylon is hinge connection, roll connection and rotate connection, then that model was subjected to the vertical static load on its deck, the static horizontal load along the bridge and lateral vibration in longitudinal direction generated by Shaking table. The theoretical analysis and experimental model resulted relatively the same forces. The theocratical analysis was performed by using SAP 2000 version 8 program. To improved reliability of the experimental model, it has been carried out some tests such as; tension cable test, stiffness test, and damping test. The result, of the experimental model test showed slightly different with the theoretical analysis result, therefore they could be useful for the discussion and conclusion of the experimental work. Experimental model test resulted that the structure with hinged connection gave the best Pylon behavior under earthquake force as well as under static load in the longitudinal direction of the bridge. The structure with a rotated connection has the best Deck and Pylon response under the tab`:ic load. lt was found that the rolled connection resulted flexible responses of pylon as well as deck when the bridge under live load and horizontal static load or lateral dynamic load.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghindari terjadinya kegagalan struktur jembatan selama tahap konstruksi, terutama akibat gempa. Jembatan kabel Suramadu yang memiliki bentang utama 818 meter dengan 89 tahap konstruksi, dipengaruhi oleh tiga rekaman gempa berbeda, yaitu gempa Banyuwangi Maret 2011, gempa jember Februari 2011, dan gempa Nusadua September 2009. Analisis riwayat waktu dilakukan agar diperoleh respon struktur dari detik ke detik selama gempa berlansung. Analisis displacement, tegangan pada gelagar, gaya kabel, dan pengaruh rasio redaman struktur, dilakukan pada setiap tahapan konstruksi dan dievaluasi sesuai dengan persyaratan dan peraturan yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon gempa pada struktur jembatan atas tidak hanya bergantung pada karakteristik dari rekaman gempa yaitu durasi, kandungan frekuensi, percepatan tanah maksimum (PGA), akan tetapi juga bergantung pada karakteristik struktur yaitu massa, kekakuan, dan redaman.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to avoid bridge structure failure during the construction stages, primarily due to earthquake. Suramadu cable-stayed bridge which has main spans 818 m with 89 stages of construction was studied to 3 different earthquakes, namely Banyuwangi earthquake March 2011, Jember earthquake February 2011, and Nusadua earthquake September 2009. Time history analysis was carried out in order to obtain responses of the structure anytime during the earthquake occurred. Analysis of displacement, stress on the girder, cable forces, and also influence of structural damping ratio, was performed at each stage of construction and was evaluated in accordance with the existing requirements and appropriate regulations. The results showed that the seismic responses of upper bridge structures depends not only on the characteristics of earthquake records, namely duration, frequency content, and maximum ground acceleration (PGA), but also on the structural characteristics, namely mass, stiffness, and damping.

Abstrak :
This report gives the recent research activities of the Structural Mechanics & Dynamics Group, Saitama University, duting the Period from 2004 to 2007. The research projects conducted in the group are classified into the following catagories; 1) mechanics of composite bridges, 2) mechanics of materials, 3) noise generation from modular bridge expansion joint, 4) analytical evaluation of modal damping in bridges, 5) vibration anad control of structures, 6) low frequency noise, and 7) human response to vibration. The outline and findings of some of these research projects are summarized in this report.