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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari tahu apakah ada peranan dari psychological well being dan collective efficacy terhadap respon bystander dalam kejadian bullying di SMA. Sebagai tambahan, penelitian ini juga melakukan perbandingan pada dua dimensi collective efficacy untuk mengetahui dimensi mana yang paling berperan terhadap respon bystander. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 229 siswa dari SMA dan SMK di Depok.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa psychological well being dan collective efficacy mempunyai peranan yang signifikan terhadap respon bystander sebagai defender. Sedangkan, pada respon bystander sebagai reinforcer dan outsider tidak ditemukan peranan yang signifikan. Pada dua dimensi collective efficacy, keduanya mempunyai peranan yang signifikan terhadap respon bystander sebagai defender, dengan peranan yang lebih besar berasal dari dimensi informal social control.

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This study was conducted to find out whether there is a role of psychological well being and collective efficacy to bystander response in the event of bullying in high school. In addition, this study also did a comparison on the two dimensions of collective efficacy to determine which dimensions are most responsible bystander response. Participants of this study were 229 students from high schools and vocational schools in Depok.

The results of this study indicate that psychological well being and collective efficacy has a significant role as a defender of the bystander response. Meanwhile, the bystander response as reinforcer and an outsider can not find a significant role. In the two-dimensional collective efficacy, both have a significant role as a defender of the bystander response, with a greater role comes from the informal social control dimension."

"ABSTRAK

Studi tentang bullying selama ini lebih banyak membahas hubungan dyadic pelaku dan korban, padahal studi pada saksi mata bullying (bystander) juga penting dilakukan. Studi di ranah kontekstual terutama level sekolah juga dapat mengembangkan pemahaman mengenai bullying. Bullying adalah perilaku agresif atau menyakiti orang lain secara sengaja, berulang-ulang, yang melibatkan ketidakseimbangan kekuatan fisik, verbal dan sosial. Penelitian ini membahas

hubungan antara school safety dan respons bystander siswa SMA pada kejadian bullying. School safety dihubungkan dengan 3 jenis respons bystander bullying, yaitu defender, outsider, dan reinforcer. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 130 siswa SMA dan SMK di Jakarta dan Depok. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara school safety dan respons defender bystander, r(128) = 0,233, p < 0,01. Lalu, terdapat hubungan negatif antara school safety dan respons outsider bystander, dengan r(128) = -0,302, p < 0,01. Sementara itu, terdapat korelasi yang tidak signifikan antara school safety dan respons reinforcer bystander. Dalam penelitian ini juga dapat diketahui hubungan school safety dan respons bystander bullying pada tiap peran bullying yang dialami partisipan.

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ABSTRACT

The study of bullying have mainly discussed the dyadic relationship of perpetrator and victim, whereas studies on bullying witnesses (bystanders) are also important. Studies in contextual domain especially school level can also develop the understanding of bullying. Bullying is aggressive behavior or intentional harm to another person, repeatedly, that involves an imbalance of physical, verbal and social strength. This study examines the relationship between school safety and bystander responses of high school students on bullying incidents. School safety associated with 3 types of bullying bystander response, the defender, outsider, and reinforcer. This research is a quantitative study with a correlational design. The study was conducted on 130 high school students in Jakarta and Depok. The study results showed a positive relationship between school safety and defender bystander response, r (128) = 0.233, p <0.01. Then, there is a negative relationship between school safety and outsider bystander response, with r(128) = -0.302, p <0.01. Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between school safety and reinforcer bystander response. In this research can also be known the relationship between school safety and bullying bystander response in each role bullying experienced by participants.

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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan model konseptual yang menjelaskan bagaimana peranan orientasi nilai, kebahagiaan psikologis dan keyakinan efikasi dalam perilaku menolong saksi perundungan. Pertanyaan penelitian ini dijawab melalui perhitungan struktural dari dua model konseptual. Responden penelitian adalah siswa dan orang dewasa misalnya guru, orang tua siswa. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua studi. Pada studi pertama didapatkan 2.765 kuesioner dan pada studi dua didapatkan 2.387 kuesioner yang dapat diolah. Selain penyebaran kuesioner, juga dilakukan FGD untuk memperkaya hasil penelitian. Hasil perhitungan SEM menunjukkan model konseptual 2 lebih baik daripada model konseptual 1. Terbukti bahwa orientasi nilai, kebahagiaan psikologis, keyakinan efikasi komunitas dan keyakinan efikasi diri berperan bersama-sama dalam perilaku menolong saksi. Keyakinan efikasi diri ditemukan memediasi kebahagiaan psikologis dan keyakinan efikasi komunitas. Dari analisa kualitatif diketahui bahwa saksi bersedia membela korban, namun ragu untuk bertindak. Salah satu kekhawatiran saksi adalah ia tidak didukung komunitas sekolah dan dianggap ingin muncul sebagai pahlawan sendiri. Implikasi untuk intervensi perundungan dibahas.

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The purpose of this research is to prove the conceptual model, that explains the role of value orientation, psychological well being, and efficacy beliefs on bullying bystander rsquo s helping behavior. The research question is being obtained through structural equation modeling SEM of two conceptual models. The research respondents are students and adults such as teachers, parents. Two studies were completed, with 2.765 questionnaires from the first study and 2.387 questionnaires from the second study. Besides using questionnaires, FGD was executed to enrich the results of the research.

The result of SEM rsquo s showed that the second conceptual model is a better fit than the first conceptual model. It is proved that value orientation, psychological well being, collective efficacy and self efficacy beliefs have a role together in determining the bystander rsquo s helping behavior. Self efficacy has been found to mediate psychological well being and collective efficacy. Based on the qualitative analysis, it has been known that the bystanders would defend the victim, but hesitated in taking actions. One of the bystander rsquo s concern was whether he she is supported or not by the school community and was judged as being a 'single hero'. Implications for bulying intervention are discussed."