Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Species diversity and distribution of butterflies (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera) of the urban forest of Muhammad Sabki, Jambi were studied from January to February 2012. The urban forest was divided into four different habitat types: the Park, the Stream side, the Rubber forest, and the Mixed forest. Two transect routes were established for each habitat type. Observations were made on the number of individuals of each species of butterflies found within the transects. Data were analyzed by Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Sorenson indices. A total of 43 species with 3241 individuals of six families (Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Riodinidae) of butterflies were recorded. Nymphalidae was the most dominating family with the highest species richness at the urban forest. The highest number of butterfly species was recorded at the Rubber forest and the Stream side (37 species each), followed by the Park (33 species) and the Mixed forest (27 species). The most abundant butterflies were found at the Rubber Forest, and the least were in the Stream side. Two species (Eurema hecabe and Mycalesis janardana) were observed consistently at all habitat types, and the former was the most abundant species. The highest species diversity and evenness indices were found in the Rubber Forest, while the lowest were in the Stream Side. Species diversity and evennes indices of butterflies of the urban forest can be categorized as low and low to moderate respectively. Based on their similarity indices of species (IS), the community of butterfly of the urban forest consisted of three communities: the Park, the Stream Side-Rubber Forest, and the Mixed Forest. The highest IS was found in the Stream Side- Rubber Forest. Nevertheless, high similarity indices (>0.7) of the butterflies between communities indicating that the communities of the butterfly had almost similar species composition, and most species were widely distributed across all habitat types of the urban forest.

Abstrak :
Convolutional coding is used widely today, especially in wireless communication. In trnasmitter, the convolutional encoder generates code from input data.....

Abstrak :
Di tahun 2015, Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia belum memiliki performa logistik yang baik jika ditinjau dari indeks performa logistik ataupun persentase biaya logistik terhadap GDP. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya ketimpangan aliran barang di Indonesia bagian barat dan Indonesia bagian timur yang membuat mahalnya biaya transportasi ke Indonesia bagian timur. Oleh karena itu, perancangan jaringan logistik Indonesia menjadi penting agar Indonesia dapat meningkatkan daya saing logistik maritimnya dengan mengoptimalkan keuntungan yang didapat oleh perusahaan penyedia jasa pelayaran. Penelitian ini akan berfokus ke tiga level pengambilan keputusan dalam logistik maritim dengan mempertimbangkan penggunaan rute tipe kupu-kupu di Indonesia. Adapun tiga level keputusan terebut adalah keputusan strategis yang tertuang dalam pemilihan jenis kapal, keputusan taktis dalam bentuk pemilihan rute, dan keputusan operasional dalam bentuk alokasi kontainer untuk setiap rute. Selain itu penelitian ini juga akan membahas tentang rute pendulum nusantara dan rute tol laut mengenai hubungannya dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh dan pesentase kontainer yang terangkut dalam kondisi optimal. Hasil dari penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan rute kupu-kupu lebih baik jika dikombinasikan dengan rute back and forth terutama dalam pelayanan rute berjarak pendek. Kemudian, rute pendulum nusantara dan rute tol laut dapat meningkatkan persentase jumlah kontainer terangkut di kondisi keuntungan yang optimal.

---

In 2015, Indonesia as the biggest archipelago country in the world doesn rsquo t have excellent performance in the logistics system from logistics performance index and logistics costs as a percentage of GDP as parameters. It is caused by imbalances between trades on western region and eastern region in Indonesia that drives the costly transportation system from and to eastern region of Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesian maritime logistics network design is very important to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian maritime logistics. This research will be focus on three levels of decision making in logistics network design which are type of ships in strategic level, shipping routes in tactical level, and container allocation in operational level with butterfly routes implementation in Indonesia logistics network problem. Furthermore, this research will analyze the impact of Pendulum Nusantara and Sea Toll routes against the profit of the company and the percentage of containers shipped. The result of this research recommends the implementation of butterfly routes must be combined with back and forth routes. Then, Pendulum Nusantara and Sea Toll routes will increase the number of container shipped even though it decrease the weekly profit of the company.

Abstrak :
The Serat Tiyang Gegriya or “Book for people on running their homes and households” is a Javanese versification of the famous seventeenth-century Chinese treatise Zhuzi Zhijia geyan (‘Master Zhu’s Household Rules‘), better known in the Anglophone world as “Maxims for managing the home” or “Family regulations”. Propagating the basic principles of Confucian ethics, this small treatise instructed generations of Chinese readers, presumedly adult males, lessons in proper behaviour. Today, Master Zhu’s little compendium is among the most reprinted works of classical Chinese popular literature. The Serat Tiyang Gegriya exists in the form of a manuscript, written in Surabaya in 1878, and was subsequently published ten years later in the same city. The appearance of this popular Confucian tract in Javanese seems to have been born of a perceived sense of crisis and alarm at the decline of “Chineseness” among the Chinese minority in a foreign land, the upshot of the seemingly inexorable process of acculturation taking place in the Sino-Javanese community at the end of the nineteenth century. Paradoxically, however, the Serat Tiyang Gegriya itself is a fine product of acculturation, transmitting Chinese moral teachings in the form of the Javanese piwulang genre, or lessons on how to live a good life, composed in the mother tongue of the mothers of the intended readers as this group was unable t

Abstrak :
COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia pada 2020 hingga 2022. Dari agen terapi yang direkomendasikan, nirmatrelvir dan ritonavir aktif bekerja langsung menargetkan virus. Kemudian berkembang berbagai peluang pengembangan obat yang menargetkan virus secara langsung, dan salah satu target yang menarik adalah papain-like protease (PLpro), yaitu proein yang berperan penting dalam replikasi virus. Beberapa bahan alam yang berpotensi diteliti aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap PLpro adalah bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea), daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.), dan jamblang (Syzygium cumini). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah memprediksi aktivitas penghambatan PLpro kandungan bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea), daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.), dan jamblang (Syzygium cumini) yang dilakukan dengan metode penambatan molekul (molecular docking) secara in silico, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji in vitro. Metode penambatan molekul divalidasi dengan metode redocking dan didapatkan nilai RMSD 0,728 Å yang berarti metode valid (RMSD<2,0 Å). Uji penambatan molekul ketiga tanaman tersebut menunjukkan hasil adanya kandungan senyawa yang berpotensi untuk menghambat aktivitas PLpro. Ligan dengan nilai afinitas ikatan ternegatif dari masing-masing tanaman adalah asam folat (jamblang) dengan nilai -8,3 kcal/mol; petunidin 3-glucoside (telang) dengan nilai -7,1 kcal/mol; dan (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (belimbing manis) dengan nilai -8,6 kcal/mol. Hasil uji in silico dikonfirmasi dengan uji in vitro yang dilakukan dengan fluorescence-based inhibitory assay menggunakan PLpro sebagai protein target, substrat Z-RLRGG-AMC, serta inhibitor kontrol GRL0617. Hasil uji in vitro mendapatkan nilai IC50 GRL0617 3,38 μM. Ekstrak herbal dengan persentase inhibisi terbaik adalah ekstrak tunggal jamblang dengan nilai 66,10%. ......COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus became the cause of the global pandemic from 2020 until 2022. Among currently recommended therapeutic agents, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir actively works by directly targeting the virus. This leads to various opportunities for developing drugs that acts directly on the structure of the virus. One interesting target for such drugs is the papain-like protease (PLpro) which is a protein that plays a significant role in viral replication. Several natural sources which has potential for their inhibitory activity against PLpro to be studied are butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Java plum (Syzygium cumini). This study aimed to predict the inhibitory activity against PLpro possessed by the chemical contents of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Java plum (Syzygium cumini) through molecular docking and in vitro assay. Prediction of inhibitory activity against PLpro was done using molecular docking. The molecular docking method was validated using redocking method and RMSD score of 0.728 Å was received. This indicated that the docking method was valid (RMSD<2.0 Å). Molecular docking result showed that all three plants contain chemicals that have potential to inhibit PLpro activity. Ligands with the lowest binding affinity from each plant are folic acid (Java plum) with a score of -8.3 kcal/mol; petunidin 3-glucoside (butterfly pea) with -7.1 kcal/mol; and (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (star fruit) with -8.6 kcal/mol. Results from in silico study were then confirmed through in vitro assay using fluorescence-based inhibitory assay using PLpro as target protein, Z-RLRGG-ACM as the substrate and GRL0617 as the control inhibitor. IC50 concentration result of GRL0617 was 3,38 μM. Herbal extract with the best inhibition percentage was found to be Java plum with an inhibition percentage of 66.10%.

Abstrak :
This book investigates the permutation polynomial (PP) based interleavers for turbo codes, including all the main theoretical and practical findings related to topics such as full coefficient conditions for PPs up to fifth; the number of all true different PPs up to fifth degree; the number of true different PPs under Zhao and Fan sufficient conditions, for any degree (with direct formulas or with a simple algorithm); parallel decoding of turbo codes using PP interleavers by butterfly networks; upper bounds of the minimum distance for turbo codes with PP interleavers; specific methods to design and find PP interleavers with good bit/frame error rate (BER/FER) performance. The theoretical results are explained in great detail to enhance readers’ understanding. The book is intended for engineers in the telecommunications field, but the chapters dealing with the PP coefficient conditions and with the number of PP are of interest to mathematicians working in the field.